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Living in a more polluted area is associated with a greater likelihood of having glaucoma, a debilitating eye condition that can cause blindness, according to a new UCL-led study in the UK. Particulate matter exposure is one of the strongest predictors of mortality among air pollutants. micrometres in diameter, or PM 2.5 ).
Scientists from UCLA’s Fielding School of Public Health have found a possible link between exposure to traffic-related air pollution and several rare childhood cancers. Pollution exposure was estimated for the area around each child’s home for each trimester of their mother’s pregnancy and during their first year of life.
pollution—even at levels deemed safe—to an increased risk of diabetes globally. The main drivers of diabetes include eating an unhealthy diet, having a sedentary lifestyle, and obesity, but the new research indicates the extent to which outdoor air pollution plays a role. Louis Health Care System links PM 2.5 million U.S.
Based on their findings in a new study, researchers from the University of Washington and the University of Minnesota suggest that modifying urban form—as a means of affecting motor vehicle usage—may be a strategy to mitigate urban air pollution. Their paper appears in the ACS journal Environmental Science & Technology.
Thus, it is important to identify and quantify the most important human-produced sources of VOC emissions to effectively mitigate air pollution and improve human health, the authors said. Even so, lotions, paints and other products contribute about as much to air pollution as does the transportation sector.
A new statistical method developed by researchers at KAUST (King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Saudi Arabia) can detect abnormal ozone levels within large bodies of monitored data. Sun and her colleagues also hope to apply their data analysis techniques to dust pollution, another major environmental issue in Saudi Arabia.
the E30 and E78—led to statistically significant reductions of 9%–13% for total hydrocarbon (THC); 13%–44% for non-methane hydrocarbon (NMHC); 20%–35% for carbon monoxide (CO); and 17%–36% for nitrogen oxides (NO x ) emissions compared to the high-aromatics E10 fuel. Their paper is published in the ACS journal Energy & Fuels.
According to Agah, a renowned researcher in chip-scale gas chromatography and Office of the Vice President for Research and Innovation Faculty Fellow, the development of effective strategies for reducing occupational exposure to pollutants requires accurate, time-resolved measurement of exposure.
In this plot, a red star under the boxes means that the mean values for hardwood and mixed fuel tests are statistically different for that stove technology class (at the 95% confidence level, p. In this regard, this study highlights the need for repeated tests to confirm statistical significance of mitigation potential.
Traffic is a major source of harmful pollutants; daily peak exposures tend to occur near roadways or while traveling—or being stuck—on them. That gave them rare, real-world look at pollutant exposure. With windows closed, the pollutants took longer to enter the vehicle cabin, but also longer to exit it.
On 30 December, the city government of Shenzhen, China announced that it will only issue 100,000 license plates per year via lotteries and auctions, with immediate effect, to fight congestion and pollution. million parking spots. index to exceed a safe limit. (As
Air pollution is a ubiquitous problem and comprises gaseous and particulate matter (PM). However, the majority of such models represent high levels of exposure and are not representative of the exposure levels in less polluted countries, such as Australia. To understand the mechanisms involved, animal models are often used.
Scaling of industry sales statistics enabled the discrepancy to be attributed to the use of ancillary solvent products such as screenwash and deicer which are not included in internationally applied vehicle emission methodologies. While some VOCs are released in exhaust, others may arise from an unexpected source—e.g.,
Exposure to air pollution increases the risk of developing insulin resistance as a pre-diabetic state of type 2 diabetes, according to a new study by scientists of Helmholtz Zentrum München, in collaboration with colleagues of the German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD). The researchers reported these results in the journal Diabetes.
We used statistical models to capture whether there are significant associations between ozone exposure and these outcomes. While the study finds an association between air pollution and atherosclerosis, researchers aren’t clear on why. —Meng Wang. —Meng Wang. Meng Wang, Paul D. Sampson, Lianne E. Sheppard, James H.
The test fleet showed statistically significant effects for some pollutants, but not for others. NO x emissions, a target pollutant of concern for this program, did not show any statistically significant difference between the fuels for the FTP nor for each individual FTP phase.
Under its pollution prevention treaty (MARPOL), the International Maritime Organization (IMO) adopted mandatory measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from international shipping: the Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) and the Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan (SEEMP). Regulatory background. Background Data.
The mode of travel you take on your daily work commute can make a big difference in your exposure to air pollution, according to a new study by researchers at the California Air Resources Board (ARB). Boxplot of average PM 2.5 , BC, UFP, and LDSA [lung deposited surface area] concentrations for each commute mode.
Statistical analysis was carried out on the data, in order to calculate peak and high ozone levels and to interpret trends and changes in the data. TOAR has created a large publicly available database which also includes a complete set of statistics and graphical downloads. Source: University of Leicester. Click to enlarge.
This puffy line is not just exhaust from the engine, but a change in the clouds that’s caused by small airborne particles of pollution. Pollution from ships creates lines of clouds that can stretch hundreds of miles. The difference helps explain how much industrial pollution influences clouds. NASA Earth Observatory.
In connection with the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, satellite measurements made headlines showing how much the air pollutant nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) had decreased in China and northern Italy. The statistical analysis has also enabled the researchers to remove the influence of the weather from the time series of pollutant concentrations.
This potential leap in destructiveness and pollution—mainly from an increase in wildfire frequency—is forecast by computer models calculating impacts of moderate global warming on western US wildfire patterns and atmospheric chemistry. Jennifer Logan. Their new work could help policymakers gauge how severe that penalty might become.
The China Energy Group of the US Department of Energy’s (DOE’s) Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) recently released the eighth edition of the China Energy Databook —the most comprehensive publicly available resource known to exist covering China’s energy and environmental statistics. Click to enlarge.
Persistent organic pollutants are chemicals of substantial international concern. GEOS-Chem captures observed seasonal trends with no statistically significant difference between simulated and measured mean annual concentrations. The presence of these pollutants in the Arctic is important for several reasons.
A new report by the UK’s Office for National Statistics (ONS) finds that greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from road transport in the UK rose by 6% from 1990 to 2017. Source: Office for National Statistics – UK Environmental Accounts, Energy Use datasets. Among the other findings of the report: At the end of 2018, 0.5%
In the first empirical study using satellite measurements to explore the relationship between urban form and air pollution, a team from the University of Minnesota has found that cities with highly contiguous built-up areas have, on average, lower concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 , a key component of urban air pollution).
Researchers at the University of California, Irvine and other institutions have conducted a statistical analysis of pollution exposure and yields from 1980 to 2015 on a key sector making up about 38% of the state’s total agricultural output: perennial crops such as almonds, grapes, nectarines, peaches, strawberries and walnuts.
Results of GIS statistical analysis for CO 2 : (a) eGrid subregion emissions factors (kg CO 2 /kWh), (b) average emissions factor for each district (kg CO 2 /kWh), (c) coefficient of variation of CO 2. Electricity generation and distribution in the US represents nearly 40% of US CO 2 emissions, as well as large shares of the other pollutants.
Recent studies have compared emissions of PFI and GDI vehicles, including particle number and mass, gaseous pollutants, and nonmethane organic gas (NMOG) composition for a limited number of compounds. Organic gas emissions were the most sensitive to cold-start compared to the other pollutants tested. of the data. Click to enlarge.
Expanding a network of community air-quality monitors operated by Casa Familiar in San Ysidro, one of 28 community-based organizations and tribes statewide receiving grants to engage residents in efforts to reduce local air pollution. million metric tons, roughly equivalent to taking eight million cars off the road for a year.
million tons of carbon equivalents per year and an expected reduction in criteria pollutants of over 2,000 tons per year. The Smith Newton trucks include the company’s proprietary Smith Power, with variable 40-120 kWh battery pack options; Smith Drive, and Smith Link, an onboard system for monitoring the vehicle’s vital statistics.
Leaded gasoline was a ubiquitous source of air pollution between the 1920s and 1970s. Other studies have shown a higher incidence of dementia among older adults living closer to major roads and among those with a greater exposure to traffic related pollution.
The state’s latest Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory shows that California emitted 429 million metric tons of climate pollutants in 2016—a drop of 12 million metric tons, or three percent, from 2015. These include the Short-Lived Climate Pollutants Strategy, the Sustainable Communities Strategy and the Sustainable Freight Action Plan.
The US National Academy of Sciences estimates that fossil fuel subsidies cost the United States $120 billion in pollution and related health care costs every year. Furthermore, there continues to be a large gap between self-reported statistics and independent estimates in some countries.
The findings, published in the 21 September issue of Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics , are generally consistent with official Chinese government statistics and could bolster their credibility as international negotiations proceed on commitments of China and other nations to combat climate change.
the pollutant emissions discharged at the tailpipe outlet will be so low as to be hardly measurable, and their practical impact on air quality will be negligible. Designer” fuels offer the potential for efficiency improvements and near-zero pollutant emission. —Reitz et al. g/bhp-h or 15–20?mg/km).
They found that levels of pollutants that can contribute to the formation of ground-level ozone, or smog, have failed to continue a fairly steady decline as estimated by the US Environmental Protection Agency. We were surprised by the discrepancy between the estimates of emissions and the actual measurements of pollutants in the atmosphere.
It is argued, therefore, that with this power potential, we can create enough excess in wind and solar power that the statistical likelihood of not having the power supply to match demand is effectively zero. Renewable UK, Wind Energy Statistics Explained, available at: [link] , accessed 12 November, 2020. 2 ] Swart, R.
A statistical regression revealed that the total monetary benefit to consumers from state incentives significantly positively correlates with BEV sales when all 50 states and the District of Columbia are included. —Jin et al. Lingzhi Jin, Stephanie Searle, and Nic Lutsey (2014) “ Evaluation of state-level U.S.
The new report, jointly prepared by the ICCT, the Netherlands’ Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), and Germany’s Institut für Energie- und Umweltforschung Heidelberg (IFEU), unveils the increasing real-world efficiency gap using systematic statistical analysis.
Using a variety of data including direct observations, computer-generated models, and estimates from countries’ energy statistics, the team created a global CO 2 budget—the amount of CO 2 produced and consumed—from 1959 to 2008. between 2000 and 2008, compared with 1% per year in the 1990s. —Dr Canadell.
The goal is more closely to match certified output of tailpipe pollutants such as NO x and particulate matter to real world use; research has shown that real-world emissions—particularly that of NO x from diesels—have been far exceeding regulatory levels.
The colored expanding bars show the evolution of a statistically significant signal (t-test, p? As part of the study, the researchers have also analyzed what would happen if air pollutant emissions such as sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) were reduced significantly, similar to what happened during the coronavirus pandemic.
Collisions involving large vessels can have a major impact on society, in terms of crew safety, damage to vessels, and marine pollution. According to a report by the Japan Transport Safety Board, there were 2,863 marine collision accidents in Japan alone between 2009 and 2019, with an average of 286 accidents per year.
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