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New research by George Mason University found that exposure to certain air pollutants is linked to increased emergency department (ED) visits for respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. Jenna Krall led the research with colleagues from Emory University, Georgia Institute of Technology, and the University of Pittsburgh.
and ozone at or above the current standards have been linked to neuroinflammation and high risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). suggesting long-term exposure to PM 2.5 , as well as ozone above the current US EPA standards, are associated with increased risk of Alzheimer’s disease. Exposures to concentrations of PM 2.5 g/m 3 in PM 2.5
In a cohort study of a subset of 2050 newborns from the Children’s Health Study in southern California, researchers at the University of Southern California (USC) found that an increase of 2 standard deviations in prenatal exposure to particulate matter in air pollution was associated with higher newborn total thyroxine (TT4) measures.
Children living in polluted megacities are at increased risk for brain inflammation and neurodegenerative changes, including Alzheimer or Parkinson’s disease, according to a study led by University of Montana Professor Dr. Lilian Calderón-Garcidueñas and her colleagues. —Calderón-Garcidueñas et al.
Jacobson, professor of civil and environmental engineering at Stanford University, suggests that carbon capture technologies are inefficient and increase air pollution. However, this research finds that it reduces only a small fraction of carbon emissions, and it usually increases air pollution. A study by Mark Z.
The processes that create ozone pollution in the summer can also trigger the formation of wintertime air pollution, according to a new study from researchers at the University of Colorado Boulder and NOAA, in partnership with the University of Utah. exceed national air quality standards an average of 18 days per year.
Recent research suggests that adverse human health effects occur below current US standards for both PM 2.5 Thus, it is important to identify and quantify the most important human-produced sources of VOC emissions to effectively mitigate air pollution and improve human health, the authors said. Click to enlarge. McDonald, Joost A.
Long-term exposure to particulate air pollution has been linked to an increased risk of heart disease, but the biological process has not been understood. Participant-specific pollutant concentrations averaged over the years 2000–10 ranged from 9.2–22.6 The study is published in The Lancet. and NO x between 1999 and 2012. μg PM 2.5 /m
Solid CFDNPs in air pollution are characterized by the abundant presence of strongly magnetic, iron-rich particles which condense and/or oxidize upon airborne release, often retaining a rounded or spherical shape as they cool. annual air quality standard of 12 ?g/m g/m 3 and the 24-hr standard of 35 ?g/m Cross, Imad A.M.
A recently released total fuel cycle analysis for maritime case studies shows that natural gas fuels reduce some air quality pollutants substantially, and reduce major greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions slightly, when compared to conventional petroleum-based marine fuels (low-sulfur and high-sulfur). This is an important consideration.
Ozone concentrations were lower than the levels capable of influencing pulmonary function, which is the main basis for current regulatory standards. The study, by a team from Duke University, Tsinghua University, Duke Kunshan University and Peking University, appears in the journal JAMA Internal Medicine.
We find that in the most populous urban regions of Eastern and Central China, there are more than 60 days in a calendar year with surface ozone levels exceeding the Chinese national ozone air quality standard. —Lin Zhang of Peking University, lead author.
In “Estimated Excess Morbidity and Mortality Caused by Air Pollution above ATS Recommended Standards, 2011-2013,” published online in the August edition of Annals of the American Thoracic Society , researchers report on the annual health benefits of meeting more protective standards recommended by the ATS for O 3 and PM 2.5.
At the 2 nd International Conference Automotive 48 V Power Supply Systems , held last week in Düsseldorf, Germany, Controlled Power Technologies (CPT), a major sponsor of the event, together with leading car makers and Tier 1 suppliers, argued the need for an internationally agreed 48V electrical standard. Earlier post.).
In February 2012, the China State Council approved its first national ambient air quality standard for PM 2.5 , which will come into effect by the end of 2015. Although EVs have a greater GHG reduction benefit than CNGVs, they may increase life-cycle emissions of criteria pollutants, simply because coal is heavily involved.
Low-sulfur gasoline standards and regulations on power plants have successfully cut sulfate concentrations in the air, reducing the fine particulate matter that harms human health and cleaning up the environmental hazard of acid rain. —co-author and leader of SE-Dome ice core project Yoshinori Iizuka, Hokkaido University.
A new report published by the American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy (ACEEE) recommends the international harmonization of fuel efficiency and/or greenhouse gas emissions standards for heavy-duty trucks and buses. This report explores whether and how heavy-duty standards programs could be better aligned across regions.
Researchers from Duke University have devised a computer vision algorithm for estimating ground-level PM 2.5 We’ve used a new generation of micro-satellite images to estimate ground-level air pollution at the smallest spatial scale to date. pollution. m) available from Planet Lab.
Data presented as mean ± standard deviation, N=3. Their paper is published in the ACS journal Energy & Fuels. Regulated emissions for all test fuels over the cold-start and hot-start LA92 cycles. Yang et al.
The researchers found that while EVs do offer a very promising solution to energy issues due to their replacement of petroleum fuels, for now “ the high pollution levels of coal-fired power plants will trade off EVs’ potential energy benefits in China ”. The Euro IV and V standards are expected to be in place within 10 years.
BC concentration varies significantly for repeated cooking cycles with same stove (standard deviation up to 50% of mean concentration) even in a standardized setup, highlighting inherent uncertainties in cookstove performance. Within the ND class, only microgasification stoves were effective in reducing BC.
An international research team led by the University of Technology Sydney (UTS) and the Woolcock Institute of Medical Research (WIMR) has found that even a sub-chronic low level exposure to particulate matter can have an adverse effect on lung health. Air pollution is a ubiquitous problem and comprises gaseous and particulate matter (PM).
Long-term exposure to ambient ozone appears to accelerate arterial conditions that progress into cardiovascular disease and stroke, according to a new University at Buffalo study. While the study finds an association between air pollution and atherosclerosis, researchers aren’t clear on why. —Meng Wang. —Meng Wang.
A team led by researchers at Oregon State University has discovered novel nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (NPAH) compounds produced by combustion sources or formed in the atmosphere that are hundreds of times more mutagenic than their parent PAHs, which are known carcinogens. Staci Simonich.
Research teams will also measure concentrations of exhaust pollutants in an attempt to disentangle non-tailpipe and tailpipe pollution, to better understand how each effects human health. Assessing the Impact of Non-exhaust Emissions from Traffic on the Asthmatic Airway (IONA) ,” led by Chris Griffiths, Queen Mary University of London.
A high ignition quality (high cetane number) fuel is well suited for operation under an advanced diesel combustion mode (High Efficiency Clean Combustion, HECC) and leads to reductions in all primary pollutant emissions—i.e., THC and CO as well as NO x and PM—according to research by a team from The Pennsylvania State University.
Black carbon (BC) from incomplete biomass and fossil fuel combustion is the most strongly light-absorbing component of particulate matter (PM) air pollution and a major climate-forcing emission. Baumgartner and her colleagues measured the daily exposure to different types of air pollutants, including black carbon, in 280 women (mean age 51.9
A study by researchers from the US, Mexico and Canada has found that children’s urban air pollution exposures result in systemic and brain inflammation and the early hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The study found that clinically healthy children who live in a polluted environment and who also carry a gene—the apolipoprotein ?4
Air pollution impairs the function of blood vessels in the lungs, according to a study of more than 16,000 patients presented at EuroEcho-Imaging 2016. The study examined the effect of air pollution on pulmonary haemodynamics (blood flow) in a population and in individuals. The population study showed a negative effect of PM 10 , PM 2.5
The benefits with battery electrification are significant, including eliminating emissions in operations, reducing noise pollution, and lowering costs by lessening the need for ventilation and cooling when required; this is especially important as underground mines keep getting deeper.
Among the transportation-related elements of US President Barack Obama’s new climate action plan, which he is outlining today in a speech at Georgetown University, is the development of new fuel economy standards for heavy-duty vehicles post-2018. New energy efficiency standards. Earlier post.).
Chan School of Public Health suggests that long-term exposure to traffic-related pollution significantly increases the risk of pediatric asthma, especially in early childhood. Fine PM originates from fuel combustion, including traffic, power plants, and other pollution sources. —corresponding author Mary B.
Southwest Research Institute (SwRI) and The University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA) announced funding for a new joint research projects to advance clean emission technologies. One of the main groups of pollutants resulting from fuel combustion is the oxides of nitrogen, or NO x.
Even so, during 2010-2014, people in parts of California, Arizona, Colorado, Texas, the Midwest and the Middle Atlantic still experienced more than 15 days a year in which ozone levels exceeded the US health-based air quality standard of 70 parts per billion (ppb) averaged over eight hours. Source: University of Leicester.
A difference of four points, which was the average seen in this study, could be educationally meaningful in terms of school success, as reflected, for example, in standardized testing and other measures of academic performance. The study was conducted by scientists from the Columbia University Center for Children's Environmental Health.
Electricity generation and distribution in the US represents nearly 40% of US CO 2 emissions, as well as large shares of the other pollutants. discuss the implications of this “ considerable divergence ” and list recommendations for a standardized approach to accounting for air pollution emissions in life cycle assessment and policy analyses.
The final stage of trials, performed by Bigas International in collaboration with the Department of Energy at the Florence University Engineering Faculty, included analysis of all aspects relating to safety and pollutionstandards in force, after testing the effectiveness of the solutions adopted on a prototype.
In a paper published in the American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care , researchers report that children exposed to higher levels of air pollution—even if relatively low—including fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) and soot (black carbon), had worse lung function than those living in less polluted areas. mL; -43.9,
The low compression ratio of 15:1, early injection and high injection pressures as well as improved EGR cooling held particulates down, with the engine meeting Euro 6 standards.
Among the direct transportation-related provisions in the extensive package are a low-carbon fuel standard for all transportation fuels; financial support for large scale demonstrations of electric vehicles; and financial support for automakers retooling plants to make electric vehicles. trucks, construction machines, ships and planes.
A scatter plot of CO, as a tracer for pollution, versus CO 2 , as a tracer for the amount of combustion, for 2002 and 2010. The magnitude of the drop in VOC levels was surprising, even to researchers who expected some kind of decrease resulting from California’s longtime efforts to control vehicle pollution. ppbv/ppmv to 10.7
Using biodiesel in construction vehicles offers promising environmental benefits in terms of reduced tailpipe emissions as well as reductions in fuel cycle emissions of selected pollutants, according to a new study by researchers at North Carolina State University. Local urban tailpipe emissions are estimated to be: 24% lower for HC.
A study from the Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California has provided some real-world observations about electric vehicles and how they positively impact the environment. per 1000 population in 2013 (standard deviation [SD]: 2.1) “The average nZEV increased from 1.4 per 1000 in 2019 (SD: 14.7).
Scientists from Emory University, NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory and the California Air Resources Board teamed to analyze satellite data to determine the 15-year trend of PM 2.5 pollution in the state. is especially burdensome in California and accounts for the greatest percentage of health impacts attributable to air pollution.
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