Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 4, 2014

Ozone, the main component of smog, is a plant-damaging pollutant formed by emissions from vehicles, cooking stoves and other sources. New research shows that ozone pollution damaged millions of tons of wheat, rice, soybean and cotton crops in India in 2005. Surface ozone pollution in India damaged 6 million metric tons (6.7

Ozone 239

Ozone 2005 India Pollution 239

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 4, 2018

In China, people breathe ozone-laden air two to six times more often than people in the United States, Europe, Japan, or South Korea, according to a new international study published in Environmental Science & Technology Letters. 2017 for one ozone metric. The inset shows ozone trends in Beijing (red) and Los Angeles (blue).

Ozone 199

Ozone Pollution China South Korea 199

Green Car Congress

JULY 17, 2017

Exposure to ozone, long associated with impaired lung function, is also connected to health changes that can cause cardiovascular disease such as heart attack, high blood pressure and stroke, according to a new study of Chinese adults. The findings associated ozone exposure with markers of platelet activation and increased blood pressure.

Ozone 170

Ozone Pollution Connect Connected 170

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 28, 2010

The two combine in the atmosphere to make either nitric acid or peroxynitrous acid; the so-called branching ratio of these two chemicals is important in models of ozone production. This means less of the hydroxyl radical and nitrogen dioxide go away, leading to proportionately more ozone, mostly in polluted areas, Okumura said.

Ozone 210

Ozone Los Angeles Pollution California 210

Green Car Congress

JULY 25, 2009

Exposure to ozone at levels currently deemed safe by the NAAQS clean air standards can have a significant and negative effect on lung function, according to researchers at the University of California, Davis. Edward Schelegle, University of California, Davis. Earlier post.). Specifically, we found that 6.6

Ozone 186

Ozone Standards Clean Cleaning 186

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 7, 2017

Ozone pollution near Earth’s surface is one of the main ingredients of summertime smog. It is also not directly measurable from space due to the abundance of ozone higher in the atmosphere, which obscures measurements of surface ozone. —Jin et al.

Ozone 150

Ozone Insight Netherlands North America 150

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 4, 2020

A team led by researchers at the University of Washington Tacoma, UW and Washington State University Puyallup have found that a highly toxic oxidation product of tire rubber particles turns streams toxic and may be responsible for the annual die-offs observed among migrating adult salmon across the US Pacific Northwest.

Ozone 276

Ozone Washington Davis Universal 276

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 29, 2022

Researchers at the University of Vienna (Austria) have demonstrated that tire wear particle (TWP)-derived compounds are readily taken up by lettuce with measured maximum leaf concentrations between ∼0.75 TWP can introduce a large suite of organic compounds to farmland soils with unknown effects on biota.

Ozone 456

Ozone Austria Environment Emissions 456

Green Car Congress

JUNE 8, 2023

In a recent open-access paper published in ACS’ Environmental Science & Technology , researchers from the University of York report that alcohols in windshield washer fluid account for a larger fraction of real-world vehicle emissions than previous estimates have suggested. Cliff et al.

Emissions 397

Emissions Exhaust Cars Ozone 397

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 16, 2019

University of Kentucky Chemistry Professor Marcelo Guzman has received a three-year grant from the National Science Foundation (NSF) for research, education and outreach efforts in the field of environmental and atmospheric chemistry. Both types of emissions cause tiny particles to be suspended in air.

Kentucky 207

Kentucky Pollution Grant Universal 207

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 12, 2016

The first peer-reviewed study to directly quantify how emissions from oil and natural gas (O&NG) activities influence summertime tropospheric ozone (O 3 ) pollution in the Colorado Front Range confirms that chemical vapors from oil and gas activities are a significant contributor to the region’s chronic ozone problem.

Ozone 150

Ozone Oil Gas Emissions 150

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 9, 2012

In California’s Los Angeles Basin, levels of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) pollutants have decreased by about 98% since the 1960s, even as area residents now burn approximately three times as much gasoline and diesel fuel. Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES) at the University of Colorado Boulder.

Los Angeles 285

Los Angeles Gasoline Ozone 2002 285

Green Car Congress

JULY 24, 2009

A) shows the base case peak concentrations for O 3 (ozone), ClNO and HCl in parts-per-billion by volume (ppbv). (B) Up to now, the deposition of HCl and NO y (NO y = NO x + HNO 3 + organic nitrates + inorganic nitrates) onto surfaces has been regarded as a permanent removal mechanism. Raff et al. 2009) Click to enlarge. Raff et al.

Ozone 150

Ozone Pollution 2009 Coal 150

Green Car Congress

JULY 10, 2020

The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) announced $5,959,842 million in research funding to nine institutions to improve air quality models used to simulate ozone, particulate matter (PM), regional haze, air toxics, and emerging pollutants. It will also inform the development of strategies for improving air quality.

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EPA Ozone Colorado Mercury 207

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 16, 2018

Consumer products such as shampoo, cleaning products and paint now contribute as much to emitted volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in cities as tailpipe emissions from vehicles, according to a new study led by NOAA. These products contain organic solvents, which lead to substantial emissions of VOCs to the atmosphere. Cappa, Jose L.

Pollution 264

Pollution Transportation Production Los Angeles 264

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 16, 2012

Now, researchers from Sandia National Laboratory’s Combustion Research Facility, the University of Manchester and the University of Bristol report in a paper in Science the first direct kinetics measurements made of reactions of any gas-phase Criegee intermediate, in this case formaldehyde oxide (CH 2 OO). —Welz et al.

Ozone 268

Ozone Climate Change Climate 2012 268

Green Car Congress

MAY 10, 2019

The processes that create ozone pollution in the summer can also trigger the formation of wintertime air pollution, according to a new study from researchers at the University of Colorado Boulder and NOAA, in partnership with the University of Utah. A major component of the Salt Lake Valley and Denver PM 2.5

Pollution 223

Pollution Ozone Utah Denver 223

Green Car Congress

MAY 5, 2015

The measurements also show emissions of all volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which include ethanol, were five times higher than government numbers, which estimate emissions based on manufacturing information. VOCs and nitrogen oxides react with sunlight to form ground-level ozone, the main component of smog. —Joost de Gouw.

Ozone 150

Ozone Emissions Colorado Coal 150

Green Car Congress

APRIL 21, 2011

Researchers from the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) have performed life cycle assessments (LCA) of three batteries for plug-in hybrid (PHEV) and full performance battery electric (BEV) vehicles. Flow diagram of the battery system, defined by the functional unit of 50 MJ stored and delivered to the powertrain.

Nickel Metal Hydride 334

Nickel Metal Hydride NiMH Li-ion PHEV 334

Green Car Congress

MARCH 17, 2020

Researchers at the University of California, Irvine and other institutions have conducted a statistical analysis of pollution exposure and yields from 1980 to 2015 on a key sector making up about 38% of the state’s total agricultural output: perennial crops such as almonds, grapes, nectarines, peaches, strawberries and walnuts.

Ozone 186

Ozone Davis San Diego Pollution 186

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 19, 2010

used a climate model to analyze the effects of a wide range of chemical species, including carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, methane, organic carbon, black carbon, nitrate, sulfate, and ozone, from 13 sectors of the economy from 2000 to 2100. —Nadine Unger. Unger et al. —Unger et al. A hat-tip to Tom!).

Transportation 391

Transportation Climate Change Powered Power 391

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 9, 2012

A recent study commissioned by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) estimated total emissions of 1046 Tg CO 2 yr ?1 Other than these emissions from combustion associated with main engines and boilers, there are also emissions of ozone-depleting substances (CFCs/HCFCs/ HFCs) from refrigerant and air conditioning systems.

Climate 240

Climate Emissions Ozone 2007 240

Green Car Congress

JUNE 27, 2011

These sites will supplemented by additional instrumentation provided by NASA, EPA, Howard University, Pennsylvania State University, the University of Maryland-Baltimore County, and Millersville University in Pennsylvania. Both aircraft will measure ozone and a mixture of soot and PM.

Ozone 186

Ozone Maryland Pollution Baltimore 186

Green Car Congress

MARCH 22, 2018

The University of Bremen is the scientific base of the international project known as EMeRGe (Effect of Megacities on the transport and transformation of pollutants on the Regional and Global scales). Burrows, the Principal Investigator of the mission and a professor at the Institute of Environmental Physics at the University of Bremen.

Emissions 268

Emissions Taiwan Asia Ozone 268

Green Car Congress

MAY 12, 2017

The study, by a team of researchers from Carnegie Mellon University, University of Georgia, Aerodyne Research, California Air Resources Board (ARB), Ohio State University, UC Berkeley, and UC San Diego is published in the ACS journal Environmental Science & Technology. We estimate ozone and SOA formation potential.

Fleet 207

Fleet Engine Fuel Economy Global 207

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 18, 2019

Cooking, cleaning and other routine household activities generate significant levels of volatile and particulate chemicals inside the average home, leading to indoor air quality levels on par with a polluted major city, according to a study by researchers at the University of Colorado Boulder. Earlier post.).

Pollution 207

Pollution Ozone Clean Cleaning 207

Green Car Congress

MAY 29, 2014

Other research has shown that carbonyls directly influence physiological response to diesel exhaust particles and can also contribute to secondary organic aerosol formation. lower ozone formation potential of the carbonyl compounds present than DF under the identical operating conditions. Jakober, 2008). In addition, there was an 18.0–35.8%

Coal 210

Coal Diesel Emissions Fuel 210

Green Car Congress

JULY 4, 2010

Researchers at North Carolina State University are developing an ozone-based pre-treatment technique (ozonolysis) to release sugars from the energy grass miscanthus for production into renewable fuels or chemicals with minimal generation of chemical waste streams and degradation of the carbohydrate components.

Ozone 170

Ozone North Carolina Energy 2010 170

Green Car Congress

JULY 29, 2010

Jacobson at Stanford University. 1990; Anisimov, 2007] and chemical production of ozone in already-polluted locations [Jacobson, 2008b]. These three gases are all greenhouse gases, and ozone is a surface air pollutant. Results of the study suggest that soot is second only to carbon dioxide in contributing to global warming.

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Global Ozone CO2 Pollution 230

Green Car Congress

APRIL 21, 2011

In addition to its impacts on snow and ice, black carbon is an air pollutant.

Climate 199

Climate International Ozone Norway 199

Green Car Congress

APRIL 12, 2013

For unsaturated hydrocarbons—molecules with at least one C=C double bond—a prominent removal mechanism is reaction with ozone, called ozonolysis. Earlier post.). Hydrocarbons that are emitted into Earth’s troposphere, either naturally or by humans, are removed by many reactive atmospheric species.

Water 218

Water Universal Ozone Insight 218

Green Car Congress

MAY 25, 2010

A study by researchers at Lund University in Sweden found that Swedish biofuels produce between 65 and 148% less greenhouse gas emissions than gasoline and diesel, even when direct and indirect land use changes are taken into account. Pål Börjesson, researcher in Environment and Energy Systems at Lund University.

Climate 170

Climate Waste Climate Change Sweden 170

Green Car Congress

MAY 23, 2010

A research team from Ford Motor Company and the University of Copenhagen has performed a systematic study of the vapor pressures of single and dual-blends of different alcohols with potential to be used as biofuels, including methanol; ethanol; 1- and 2-propanol; and 1-, 2-, i -, and t -butanol. Credit: ACS, Andersen et al.

Alcohol Blend 210

Alcohol Blend Gasoline Ozone Fuel 210

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 27, 2015

The study found that 60% of the winter primary hydrocarbon hydroxyl radical reactivity in London is from those diesel-related hydrocarbons; the authors predicted that the longer-chain HCs contribute up to 50 % of the ozone production potential in London.

London 150

London Pollution Diesel Emissions 150

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 20, 2016

The children lived in communities that differed in sources and levels of the outdoor pollutants PM, NO 2 , and ozone. HEI is a nonprofit corporation chartered in 1980 as an independent research organization to provide high-quality, impartial, and relevant science on the health effects of air pollution.

Pollution 150

Pollution Ozone California Emissions 150

Green Car Congress

JUNE 26, 2015

The two other recipients are: Dr. Donald Blake, professor of chemistry, University of California Irvine. Dr. Blake has carried out measurements of atmospheric volatile organic compounds that have provided critical insights into their roles in air pollution and climate change. Dr. Kirk R.

Climate Change 150

Climate Change Pollution Climate Ozone 150

Green Car Congress

JULY 8, 2014

The team, from the Desert Research Institute, University of Colorado Boulder and NOAA, and Stanford University, began by defining a consistent vocabulary, first by jettisoning the popular umbrella label of “fracking” applied to unconventional oil and natural gas development. jobs vs environmental stewardship). —Moore et al.

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Gas Oil-Sands Emissions Oil 218