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More than half of all air-quality-related early deaths in the United States are a result of emissions originating outside of the state in which those deaths occur, MIT researchers report in a paper in the journal Nature. Electric power generation is the greatest contributor to out-of-state pollution-related deaths, the findings suggest.
Source: MIT. Researchers from MIT’s Laboratory for Aviation and the Environment have concluded that ground-level PM 2.5 Steven Barrett, an assistant professor of aeronautics and astronautics at MIT, and colleagues have published their results in the journal Atmospheric Environment. Click to enlarge. —Caiazzo et al.
Researchers at MIT have developed a new detailed air-quality model to simulate the effects of physical, chemical, and meteorological processing of highly reactive trace species in urban areas. Urban regions account for an ever increasing fraction of Earth’s population, and are consequently an ever increasing source of air pollutants.
In a paper being presented at WCX SAE World Congress Experience in Detroit this week, a team from MIT is proposing the use of a flex-fuel gasoline-alcohol engine approach for a series-hybrid powertrain for long-haul Class 8 trucks. The research was supported by the MIT Arthur Samberg Energy Innovation Fund. —Daniel Cohn.
cause ~13,000 premature deaths in the UK per year, while an additional ~6,000 deaths in the UK are caused by non-UK European Union (EU) combustion emissions, according to a new study by researchers from MIT, published in the ACS journal Environmental Science & Technology. UK combustion emissions of PM 2.5 —Yim and Barrett.
MIT researchers have built a model to simulate long-range atmospheric transport of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Persistent organic pollutants are chemicals of substantial international concern. The presence of these pollutants in the Arctic is important for several reasons.
Researchers at MIT have determined that growth in aviation causes twice as much damage to air quality as to the climate. —lead researcher Dr Sebastian Eastham, from the Laboratory for Aviation and the Environment in MIT's Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics. —Dr Eastham.
Now, MIT engineers are proposing using an ammonia-based selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system that could result in an approximately 95% reduction in NO x emissions in exchange for a ~0.5% —Steven Barrett, professor of aeronautics and astronautics at MIT and corresponding author. increase in block fuel burn.
A study by a team from the University of Cambridge (UK) and MIT attributes ~8,000 premature mortalities per year to aircraft cruise emissions. However, recent regional modeling work indicates that cruise emissions may contribute a significant fraction of aircraft-accountable ground-level pollutant concentrations on a regional scale.
The human health benefits associated with improvements in air quality related to the reduction in greenhouse gas emissions improvements can offset 26–1,050% of the cost of US carbon policies, depending upon the type of policy, according to a new study by a team from MIT. precursors through 2030. —Noelle Selin, co-author.
The third win—carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) pollution and oil imports would be reduced. The analysis used the MIT US Regional Energy Policy (USREP) model to evaluate the effect of a carbon tax as part of a Federal budget deal. —Rausch and Reilly (2012).
To further that vision, MIT researchers have given new capabilities to their fleet of robotic boats—which are being developed as part of an ongoing project—that lets them target and clasp onto each other, and keep trying if they fail. Moreover, the roboat notices if it has missed the connection, backs up, and tries again.
A study led by MIT researchers, focused on New York City, suggests that using mobile-phone data to track people’s movement provides an even deeper picture of exposure to pollution in urban settings than by studying air-quality levels in fixed places. —Nyhan et al. But that’s sensitive to where the [measuring] stations are.
Natural gas will play a leading role in reducing greenhouse-gas emissions over the next several decades, largely by replacing older, inefficient coal plants with highly efficient combined-cycle gas generation, according to a major new interim report out from MIT. The Future of Natural Gas: An Interdisciplinary MIT Study.
A new techno-economic analysis by researchers at Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) and MIT has found that economies of scale for manufacturing current Li-ion batteries for light-duty EV applications (in this case, prismatic pouch NMC333-G batteries and packs) are reached quickly at around 200-300 MWh annual production.
MIT researchers have discovered that lead concentrations in the Indian Ocean are now higher than in the northern Atlantic and northern Pacific oceans. The result, he says, is that the Indian Ocean has had less time than the Atlantic and Pacific to dissipate lead pollution.
Researchers at MIT have devised a simple, soluble metal oxide system to capture and transform CO 2 into useful organic compounds. Ideally we’d like to develop carbon-neutral cycles for renewable energy, to get carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere and avoid pollution.
” The MIT report said that natural gas should be seen as a “ bridge ” to a low-carbon regime, rather than as the ultimate long-term solution itself. MIT: The Future of Natural Gas. When replacing other fossil fuels, natural gas can lead to lower emissions of greenhouse gases and local pollutants. Source: IEA.
A team of researchers at MIT has developed a coating that could stop the buildup of hydrate ices that slow or block oil and gas flow. through the MIT Energy Initiative. The coated surface attracts liquid hydrocarbons that are already present in the flowing petroleum, creating a thin surface layer that naturally repels water.
Researchers at MIT have produced the first assessment of the annual costs of IQ losses from aircraft lead emissions in the US. Their study, published in the ACS journal Environmental Science & Technology , found that that atmospheric lead pollution attributable to leaded aviation gas (avgas) contributes to US$1.06 Click to enlarge.
AC Kinetics technology can substantially reduce the world’s electric bill—the global spend is US$570 billion annually—while cutting the carbon pollution generated by power plants. The testing was completed and published by MIT in May 2012. Neil Singer, president of AC Kinetics, Inc. The AC Kinetics, Inc.
Armstrong, a professor of chemical engineering at MIT. The study team of MIT faculty, researchers, and students focused on five main. —Sergey Paltsev, deputy director of the MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change and senior research scientist at MITEI. —MITEI Director Robert C. —William H.
Under the proposal ( earlier post ), California transit agencies would be required to purchase 100% zero-emission buses by 2040 as they gradually phase out their dependence on buses that pollute the atmosphere. People of color in California bear the most burdens from air pollution in the state.
a leading energy company and a founding member of the MIT Energy Initiative (MITEI). Some of that water may surface as a pollutant, causing its own set of environmental problems. Natural gas may soon be the dominant fuel for producing electricity, according to Leonardo Maugeri, senior executive vice president of Eni S.p.A,
Impact of rocket launch and space debris air pollutant emissions on stratospheric ozone and global climate.” Such rapid growth demands detailed understanding of the potential impact on the protective stratospheric ozone (O 3 ) layer and climate. —Ryan et al. —corresponding author Dr Robert Ryan. Marais, E. Balhatchet, C.
The MIT Energy Initiative (MITEI) has released a report on the proceedings—and papers that informed those proceedings—of the 8 April 2010 symposium on The Electrification of the Transportation System: Issues and Opportunities. The symposium was sponsored by the MIT Energy Initiative, together with Ormat, Hess, Cummins and Entergy.
Researchers at MIT have developed a new bicycle rear wheel—the Copenhagen Wheel —that can capture energy from braking and deliver the power back to provide a boost. A close-up of the Copenhagen Wheel, from MIT’s SENSEable City Lab. Click to enlarge.
In September 2015, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency revealed Volkswagen's use of illegal "defeat device" software in its diesel cars. The software routines allowed cars to pass emissions tests while still producing up to 35 times the legal limits of nitrogen oxides in real-world driving, setting off a scandal that is still being dealt.
New analysis by an international team led by MIT researchers shows that Asia now releases a surprisingly large amount of anthropogenic mercury. The result of this work, researchers say, could improve estimates of mercury pollution, and help refine pollution-control strategies around the world. It was higher than we expected.
Felzer and colleagues from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in Cambridge and the Marine Biology Laboratory in Woods Hole, Mass., Along the way, it accumulates excess nutrients and pollutants before emptying into waterways, where it affects the health of fish, algae, and shellfish and contaminate drinking water and beaches.
The pressurized combustion in oxygen and the recycle of carbon dioxide gas eliminates the presence of nitrogen and other constituents of air, minimizing the generation of pollutants and enabling a more economical capture of CO 2 gas. DOE Investment: $1,000,000; Recipient Cost-Share: $226,000. Southwest Research Institute.
Two of the largest emitters of these pollutants are vehicles and electricity generating units (EGUs), with some of the most densely populated regions in the US still failing to meet the National Ambient Air Quality Standards after 30 years of regulation. Tammy Thompson, (now at MIT), lead author. Tammy M Thompson et al. Environ.
Electronic Tattoos for Heart Disease Accordingly to the World Health Organization, cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide , with causal factors including diet, lifestyle, and environmental pollution. Continuously measuring blood pressure via tattoo is much more difficult.
Lead is still pervasive in the environment despite the slow phasing out of leaded fuels, according to new research from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Leaded petrol has long been banned in many countries, after it was linked to neurological and cardiovascular illnesses.
A recent white paper by Leslie Bromberg of MIT’s Plasma Science and Fusion Center and Wai K. It is a high octane fuel with combustion characteristics that allow engines specifically designed for methanol fuel to match the best efficiencies of diesels while meeting current pollutant emission regulations. It is a safe fuel.
In the study, conducted in collaboration with researchers from the University of Warwick and MIT, and published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), the scientists measured the amount of hydrocarbons in a range of laboratory-grown cyanobacteria and used the data to estimate the amount produced in the oceans.
Researchers at MIT, Cornell University, and the Italian National Research Council’s Institute for Informatics and Telematics have devised a framework—the “shareability network”—to enable the systematic analysis of the tradeoff between collective benefits of sharing taxi services and individual passenger discomfort.
Mineta specifically points to the success of the significant reductions in pollutant emissions from passenger cars during the past three decades in response to ever-stricter limits set by state and federal regulators.
ChargePoint’s stance is bolstered by a new MIT study that suggests , in part, that electric cars that plug into the grid, could, collectively, act as a massive “virtual battery” for grid energy storage. MIT: Utilities and the virtual battery. But these approaches are either costly, polluting, or both.
He has a PhD in Robotics from MIT. Cities need such smart mobility solutions to help solve their traffic, pollution and traffic safety challenges. Drew Bagnell, Co-founder & Chief Technical Officer.
However, prior to the remarks on climate change and the regulatory response, he spent a few minutes discussing the efforts on urban pollution—e.g., What more is need to end urban pollution, something we’ve been spending over 30 years working on? smog and particulates. We heard a little bit from Tom Cackette yesterday about LEV III.I
PHEVLERs Provide Value to the Drivers PHEVLERs use the Existing Energy Infrastructure PHEVLERs use Clean Fuels to Reduce Air Pollution. Thus, PHEVLERs and other electric vehicles may be allowed to continue driving when governments ban fossil fuel vehicles from driving in city centers due to air pollution crises or other reasons. [
The MIT will develop a new generation of power electronics based on vertical gallium nitride (GaN) superjunction diodes and transistors that can vastly exceed the performance of today’s GaN power devices. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 8" GaN-on-Si Super Junction Devices for Next Generation Power Electronics - $4,521,601.
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