Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 25, 2014

Asphalt binder, the sticky “glue” that holds crushed stone and sand together to form pavement, only accounts for about 5% percent of the final hot mix asphalt (HMA) that is steamrolled into glossy new lanes and boulevards. In Iowa, for example, scientists are making a corn-based bioasphalt from residue left after the production of ethanol.

Oil 255

Oil Oil-Sands North Carolina Iowa 255

Green Car Congress

APRIL 28, 2011

to 335 L/vehicle kilometer traveled (VKT) for Iowa and from 59 to 214 L/VKT for Nebraska. Water is required for crude oil recovery by water flooding, enhanced oil recovery via steam injection, and steam extraction of bitumen from oil sands and during refining of crude oil to produce gasoline. and from 0.29

Water 199

Water Davis Oil-Sands Nebraska 199

Green Car Congress

APRIL 30, 2013

Jerald Schnoor, also a professor in the departments of civil & environmental engineering and occupational & environmental health at the University of Iowa, has written an editorial for the journal in which he calls the Keystone XL pipeline a “ pipeline to nowhere ”. Use of coal, oil, and natural gas has to stop (in that order).

Oil-Sands 286

Oil-Sands Iowa Coal Oil 286