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Understanding what drives energy demand across the socioeconomic distribution of Singapore households can provide insight on the future energy demand of urban populations in the region’s cities as incomes rise. Besides electricity, the study found that households exposed to air pollution consumed more natural gas. —Prof Salvo.
Zhanqing Li (lead author), Feng Niu and Yanni Ding of the University of Maryland; Jiwen Fan of Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; Yangang Liu of Brookhaven National Laboratory; and Prof. Daniel Rosenfeld of The Hebrew University of Jerusalem. In polluted air, more and smaller drops are formed. —Li et al. —Prof.
Previous studies revealed widespread environmental pollution and human exposure to a class of compounds called low-molecular weight synthetic phenolic antioxidants. Lixi Zeng and colleagues at Jinan University in China wanted to investigate the occurrence of emerging HPAs and SAs in dust from e-waste recycling centers. 1c00866.
Since the 1980s, air pollution has increased worldwide, but it has increased at a much faster pace in regions close to the equator. The work provides strategic insight on where in the world to reduce emissions of pollutants that form ozone. Jason West, corresponding author. —Owen R. Cooper, co-author.
A study by a team from The Ohio State University and Ford is providing insight into the deactivation mechanism of rhodium in three-way catalysts (TWC) for automotive emissions control. This solution, however, is chemically inactive, meaning that it can’t scrub away harmful pollutants and gases, making the device effectively useless.
When airborne particles (green) form before PAHs adhere, both the pollutants and particles dissipate quickly, as shown in the top row. But when the particles form in the presence of pollutants, which is what likely happens in nature, the longer-lasting particles enable the long-range transport of the pollutants (bottom).
Based on their findings in a new study, researchers from the University of Washington and the University of Minnesota suggest that modifying urban form—as a means of affecting motor vehicle usage—may be a strategy to mitigate urban air pollution.
Overall, this study provides valuable insights on the impacts of ethanol content and gasoline composition on the exhaust emissions from a current technology GDI FFV. —Yang et al. Jiacheng Yang, Patrick Roth, Thomas D.
A research collaboration between South Africa-based Sasol and the Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering at the University of Pretoria (UP) has led to the commissioning of high-tech equipment to gain better insights into the properties and performance of synthetic diesel fuels.
This insight could potentially inform bioremediation efforts in the region. Pollution from petroleum hydrocarbons such as diesel, which is widely used for heating, transportation and power generation poses a threat to wildlife in Antarctica. An open-access paper on the work appears in the journal Microbial Cell Factories. Habib et al.
Long-term exposure to ambient ozone appears to accelerate arterial conditions that progress into cardiovascular disease and stroke, according to a new University at Buffalo study. While the study finds an association between air pollution and atherosclerosis, researchers aren’t clear on why. —Meng Wang. —Meng Wang.
EarthSense Systems—a joint venture between the University of Leicester and aerial mapping company BlueSky—has published MappAir, the first high resolution nationwide map of air pollution. ultrafine pollution particles smaller than 2.5 Air pollution is not a constant threat. micrometers) later in 2017.
Located in Menlo Park, California, SLAC is operated by Stanford University for the US Department of Energy Office of Science. How LCLS views surface chemistry (Credit: Hirohito Ogasawara / SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory) Click to enlarge. LCLS and SSRL are supported by the DOE’s Office of Science. Resources. Dell’Angela, T. Anniyev, M.
About a third of the airborne lead particles collected at two sites in the San Francisco Bay Area came from Asia, a finding that underscores the far-flung impacts of air pollution and heralds a new way to learn more about its journey across vast distances. We can use this information to guide the development of particulate transport models.
The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) announced $5,959,842 million in research funding to nine institutions to improve air quality models used to simulate ozone, particulate matter (PM), regional haze, air toxics, and emerging pollutants. It will also inform the development of strategies for improving air quality.
The benefits with battery electrification are significant, including eliminating emissions in operations, reducing noise pollution, and lowering costs by lessening the need for ventilation and cooling when required; this is especially important as underground mines keep getting deeper.
A team of researchers led by Dan Work of Vanderbilt University repeated the same experiment last year but made one change: they added a single autonomous vehicle in the ring. This experiment led to hundreds if not thousands of research papers to try to explain what is happening. —Alexandre Bayen. —Marta Gonzalez.
Source: University of Leicester. In some parts of Asia, Africa and South America, the researchers identified data gaps which prevented them from characterizing ozone pollution exposure patterns. However, overall, Southern Hemisphere sites tend to have lower ozone pollution levels, and fewer days above 70 ppb. Click to enlarge.
—James Turner, Professor of Mechanical Engineering, Clean Combustion Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST). The newly formed organization will host a series of meetings of its members to exchange research results, insights, and ideas. ID-Technologies, Fribourg, Switzerland.
related damages, researchers from Carnegie Mellon University and Stanford have found that, US-economy-wide, gross external damage (GED) due to premature mortality has decreased by more than 20% from 2008 to 2014. Indeed, farms have become the largest contributor to air pollution damages from PM2.5 In a new study of PM 2.5
Ozone pollution near Earth’s surface is one of the main ingredients of summertime smog. Determining effective strategies for mitigating surface ozone (O 3 ) pollution requires knowledge of the relative ambient concentrations of its precursors, NO x , and VOCs.
results indicate that traffic is the dominating source of BC and particulate air pollution in the metropolitan area of La Paz/El Alto. Soot particles from combustion processes significantly contribute to air pollution because they contain heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons which are toxic.
Although studies widely agree that widespread deployment of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles and the associated infrastructure would reduce air pollutant emissions from the transportation sector, the extent to which air quality in an urban airshed will be affected by these reductions is a more complex matter than simply quantifying emissions.
Countries seeking to meet Paris Agreement targets on CO 2 emissions must get a grip on the amount of pollution produced at city level, according to a new open-access study published in S cience Advances by an international team of researchers from Europe and China. —Prof Guan.
The Energy Policy Institute at the University of Chicago (EPIC) and the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS) announced the first research grants from the EPIC-UCAS Joint Center for Energy Policy Research in China.
Researchers from the University of Minnesota have produced a spatially and temporally explicit life cycle inventory (LCI) of air pollutants from gasoline, ethanol derived from corn grain, and ethanol from corn stover for the contiguous US (the lower 48 states). The researchers included a sixth pollutant, ammonia (NH 3 ).
Researchers with the Energy Biosciences Institute, University of California, Berkeley have provided insight into how multiple cellulase enzymes attack cellulose, potentially yielding a way to improve the collective catalytic activity of enzyme cocktails that can boost the yields of sugars for making fuels. Source: Berkeley Lab.
Two Colorado State University (CSU) researchers have received a $325,000 National Science Foundation grant to determine the pollutant formation chemistry of algae-derived biofuels, which have potential to be high-yield, efficiently produced, renewable fuels. Are there going to be any consequences that we may not have thought about?
Anastas is currently on public service leave from Yale University, where he holds the Theresa and H. To be truly effective, EPA’s environmental research must evolve along with these new insights and be as dynamic as the challenges it aims to inform. Communication must be an essential part of scientific work.
The proposed Keystone XL pipeline for transporting oilsands-derived crude to Gulf Coast refineries would have “ no material impact ” on US greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, according to a new Insight report by IHS CERA. —IHS Cera Insight on Keystone XL. —IHS CERA Insight. —IHS CERA Insight.
The insights gleaned will contribute to more efficient, cleaner burning engines. The conditions of the flame that start the combustion process are crucial for improving engine efficiency and minimizing pollution formation. (Image courtesy of Sandia National Laboratories) Click to enlarge.
Now, researchers from Sandia National Laboratory’s Combustion Research Facility, the University of Manchester and the University of Bristol report in a paper in Science the first direct kinetics measurements made of reactions of any gas-phase Criegee intermediate, in this case formaldehyde oxide (CH 2 OO). Carl Percival. Welz et al.
The study team included researchers from CSIRO, the Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Macquarie University and The University of Queensland. Levels of most atmospheric air pollutants detected were generally below relevant national air quality objectives.
The US Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Regulation and Enforcement (BOEMRE) today recently signed a cooperative agreement with the University of Texas at Austin and a team of Arctic researchers for a comprehensive study of the Hanna Shoal ecosystem in the Chukchi Sea off Alaska’s northwest coast. Dr. Kenneth H.
The PNNL team approached Michael Sailor, a University of California, San Diego chemist whose research includes using porous silicon to detect pollutants and deliver drugs, for help. The insight obtained from this work also provides guidance for the design of other materials that may experience large volume variation during operations.
A team at the Clean Combustion Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) in Saudi Arabia has shown that burning fuel at high pressure can significantly increase the size of the soot particles that are produced. A paper on their work is published in the Proceedings of the Combustion Institute. Amin et al.
—co-author Professor Piers Forster from the University of Leeds’s School of Earth and Environment in the United Kingdom. —co-lead author Sarah Doherty of the University of Washington in Seattle. —co-lead author Tami Bond of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Bond et al.
Resulting improved strains of maize may, for example, produce larger yields, show resistance to disease, offer efficiencies in nitrogen use that would enable farmers to reduce applications of costly, polluting fertilizers, and tolerate changes in rainfall or temperature accompanying climate change. Schnable of Iowa State University.
of Stanford University reported that reducing soot emissions from diesel engines and other sources could slow melting of sea ice in the Arctic faster and more economically than any other quick fix. Emissions of black carbon also involve the co-emission of other pollutants, which can have additional warming or cooling effects.
Researchers at Washington State University, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory and the University of New Mexico have now devised a catalyst capable of reducing pollutants at the lower temperatures expected in advanced engines.
Researchers will also be working with data providers, and government managers underpinning future cities, as well as drawing upon expertise from the Turing and partner universities’ ongoing work in the area with the Greater London Authority, and mobility expertise within the Toyota Mobility Foundation.
While previous work has applied different methodologies and models to quantify the environmental benefits of EDVs, several consistent insights have emerged. Recent analyses based on energy system models mainly focus on CO 2 emissions and have been run with a limited set of scenarios, which make it difficult to draw insight specific to EDVs.
With increasing pressure from air pollution, oil consumption and congestion, China is compelled to reinvent propulsion technologies. … The development of EVs is very important to China: for haze, pollution and energy security. Pure electric passenger car. Other electric vehicles. Private sector. Pure electric passenger car. Zhixin Wu.
The International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT) contracted with the Center for Alternative Fuels, Engines and Emissions at West Virginia University to conduct in-use testing of three light-duty diesel vehicles (two 2.0L diesels and one 3.0L diesel) over pre-defined test routes exhibiting diverse driving conditions.
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