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A study led by Norwegian climate center CICERO has found that the global warming effect of leaked hydrogen is almost 12 times stronger than that of CO 2. Unlike exhaust from burning coal and gas that contains CO 2 , burning hydrogen emits only water vapor and oxygen. A global warming potential of 11.6 Sand et al. Sand et al.
Through a recent modeling experiment, a team of NASA-funded researchers have found that future concentrations of carbon dioxide and ozone in the atmosphere and of nitrogen in the soil are likely to have an important but overlooked effect on the cycling of water from sky to land to waterways. Credit: NASA. Click to enlarge.
Global benefits from full implementation of the identified measures in 2030 compared to the reference scenario. Black carbon and tropospheric ozone are harmful air pollutants that also contribute to climate change. Full implementation of these measures would reduce future global warming by 0.5 °C Click to enlarge.
Net positive RF (warming) contributions arise from CO 2 , water vapor, NO x , and soot emissions, and from contrail cirrus (consisting of linear contrails and the cirrus cloudiness arising from them). These contributions involve a large number of chemical, microphysical, transport and, radiative processes in the global atmosphere.
Researchers in France have found that ozone depletion above Antarctica has significantly reduced the Southern Ocean’s ability to absorb atmospheric CO 2 and has also accelerated acidification of southern polar waters, despite lesser CO 2 uptake. This corresponds to a relative reduction of nearly 10% of the global oceanic carbon uptake.
Illustration of projected ozone changes in the South Coast region due to climate change in 2050. Areas in orange and red could see ozone concentrations elevated by 9 to 18 parts per billion. We already know that climate change will bring us increased forest fires, shorter winters, hotter summers and impact our water supply.
It would be many decades before it would slow down global warming at all, and even then it would just be making a difference around the edges. The reliance on natural gas could then gradually reduce the rate of global warming, but temperatures would drop by only a small amount compared to the 5.4 —Tom Wigley. degree Celsius).
CSIRO scientists have developed a new way to account for ozone in computer simulations of the climate. This latest modeling shows that the oceans take much less ozone out of the atmosphere than previously thought. Ozone (O 3 ) is formed by reactions of chemicals such as nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds—i.e.,
Renault selected six environmental indicators for the LCA: Global Warming 100yr Potential (kg CO 2 equivalent). in the atmosphere and consequently of global warming potential. Photochemical Ozone Creation Potential (kg Ethene equivalent). Quantifies the production of pollutant ozone (? Tailpipe CO 2 (NEDC). emissions).
GW = global warming; Eut. eutrophication; ET = ecological toxicity; FEC = fossil energy consumption; WU = water use; LO = land occupation; “The rest” includes acidification; smog formation; ozone layer depletion; and human health effects. Environmental impacts of gasoline and E85. Error bar shows regional variations for E85.
This is especially the case for those draining nitrogen-enriched urbanized and agricultural watersheds, highlighting the importance of managing nitrogen before it reaches open water. This new global emission estimate is startling.
The findings, published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences , demonstrate that phase can be a key regulator of the reactivity of atmospheric SOM particles, and may call for a revision of regional and global climate models. In the atmosphere, the particles of ?-pinene In dry conditions, they solidify without crystallizing.
succeeded in isolating the simplest CI and reported direct kinetic measurements of its reactions with water, NO, NO 2 , and SO 2. Dr. George Marston from the University of Reading (UK) notes that: The Criegee intermediates (CIs) are central to understanding the reactions of ozone with unsaturated compounds. Welz et al.
However, this approach neglects non-CO 2 combustion emissions and effects, namely, soot and sulfate aerosols, water vapor, and NO x. In the months following a pulse of NO x in the upper atmosphere, ozone production is stimulated causing a short-term warming.
The Asian monsoon circulation provides an effective pathway for pollution from Asia, India, and Indonesia to enter the global stratosphere, according to a new international study led by scientists at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) in Boulder, Colo.
Schematic diagram of the trade-offs between the implications for regional air quality and global climate change of new policies for management of the atmosphere. The complex roles that ozone and aerosols play in the atmosphere provide examples of such trade-offs. Source: NOAA. Click to enlarge. emission inventories?
Losses of tropical and temperate mountain glaciers affecting perhaps 20-25% of the human population in terms of drinking water, irrigation and hydro-power. Global emissions were growing by 1.1% The developing and least-developed economies, 80% of the world’s population, accounted for 73% of the global growth of emissions in 2004.
After water vapor, the three most prevalent long-lived greenhouse gases are carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide. Methane (CH 4 ) contributes about 18% to the overall global increase in radiative forcing since 1750 and is the second most important greenhouse gas after carbon dioxide. It has grown at an average of about 0.75
Unlike other ethers, DME does not form peroxides, is non-toxic, has no effect on global warming nor ozone depletion and can be considered an environmentally friendly solvent. The process was presented during the 90 th Springtime Annual Meeting of The Chemical Society of Japan (CSJ), 26-29 March, 2010.
HFCs are powerful greenhouse gases originally developed as substitutes for ozone-depleting chemicals. By 2050, HFC emissions could equal up to 19% of global CO 2 emissions under business-as-usual scenarios. From Molina et al. 2009), reproduced from Ramanathan and Feng (2008) Click to enlarge. Earlier post.) Mario Molina. (Dr.
The data are updated monthly from analyses of air measurements at Cape Grim, which, under baseline conditions, experiences some of the cleanest air in the world and accurately reflects global changes in greenhouse gases. Data for the synthetic greenhouse and ozone depleting gases, such as CFCs, also are available. —Paul Fraser.
It is also a precursor to the formation of ground-level ozone and particulate matter, and as a cause of acid rain. Marshall (2011) Effects of Income and Urban Form on Urban NO 2 : Global Evidence from Satellites. NO 2 is linked to numerous adverse health effects including lung cancer, cardiopulmonary mortality, and type 2 diabetes.
Furthermore, airborne chemicals that originate inside a house don’t stay there: Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from products such as shampoo, perfume and cleaning solutions eventually escape outside and contribute to ozone and fine particle formation, making up an even greater source of global atmospheric air pollution than cars and trucks do.
Findings from a recent EPA study titled “Assessment of the Impacts of Global Change on Regional US Air Quality: A Synthesis of Climate Change Impacts on Ground-Level Ozone,” for example, suggest that climate change may lead to higher concentrations of ground-level ozone, a harmful pollutant.
Here, RME show advantages for primary energy and GHG, but disadvantages in terms of acidification, eutrophication and ozone depletion. There is an obvious link between environmental impacts estimated by life-cycle impact assessments and water quality problems described at the regional scale. Source: “Assessing Biofuels”.
Transportation sector emission sources include combustion of fuels utilized in-state that are used by on-road and off-road vehicles, aviation, rail, and water-borne vehicles, as well as a few other smaller sources. This is, however, the lowest growth rate over the past 4 years. The inner ring shows the broad Scoping Plan sectors.
Reasons the agency sited for this trend include factors such as increased voluntary reductions, as well as the effects of the recent global economic slowdown. a global warming potential of 21. a global warming potential of 21. Methane is more than 20 times as effective as CO 2 at trapping heat in the atmosphere—i.e.,
Chile is the world’s top copper producer (27% of global production) and exporter. Although copper is now readily recyclable, global demand is on the rise, thus calling for the continued mining of copper. Other project partners are also evaluating UV- and ozone-assisted as well as microbial oxidation processes.
The Afternoon Constellation, so named because it crosses the equator at approximately 1:30 PM local time every day, consists of five existing satellites in tight formation, collecting simultaneous data on aerosols, clouds, cloud ice, carbon sinks, carbon sources, ozone, particulates, and atmospheric water vapor.
Life cycle inventories have typically been presented at global, national, or regional levels—sufficient for understanding global processes such as climate change and fossil fuel depletion, but insufficient for the analysis of local processes such as air pollution, according to the researchers.
The type of feedstocks produced, management practices used, land-use changes that feedstock production might incur, and such site-specific details as prior land use and regional water availability will determine the mandate's environmental effects, the report says. Barriers and opportunities.
MARPOL Annex VI sets limits on NO x and SO x emissions from ship exhaust, and prohibits deliberate emissions of ozone-depleting substances. Annex VI defines two sets of emission and fuel quality requirements: global requirements; and. more stringent requirements applicable to ships in Emission Control Areas (ECA). Earlier post.).
If they meet all the pledges they've made for emission reductions by 2030, global temperature rise will be at 2.4° Many people see such actions as "playing God," and worry about the unintended consequences of meddling with nature on a global scale. Humanity is already reducing global warming. by spewing pollution into the air.
Take, for example, the tens of thousands of fossil-fueled ships that chug across the ocean, spewing plumes of pollutants that contribute to acid rain, ozone depletion, respiratory ailments, and global warming. Second, we need more modeling to understand how MCB would affect weather and climate both locally and globally.
The analysis also looked at the impact of climate change on human health and suggests that it may lead to higher levels of ground-level ozone, a harmful pollutant. Tags: Global warming Green cars Latest news Environmental Protection Agency EPA greenhouse gas emissions.
But fate had a different plan: Over the past two decades, he has been the prime mover behind transforming a local effort to make hydrogen the fuel of choice for rail transit into a global phenomenon. The area stood to lose billions of dollars of federal funding for a wide variety of projects if the areas air quality didnt improve.
And so if you’re worried about the problem in the next 30 or 40 years where scientists are telling us in these big global climate assessment reports that under every scenario, the Earth continues to warm, right now, we still don’t have anything that operates in that sub-30-year time scale. And that was based on observations of volcanoes.
Controlling soot from fossil fuels and solid biofuels may be a faster method of reducing Arctic ice loss and global warming than other options, including controlling CH 4 or CO 2 , although all controls are needed, according to a new study by Dr. Mark Z. Jacobson at Stanford University. Mark Jacobson. degrees Celsius (4.5
The growth in hydrous ethanol, which uses a blend of 94-95% ethanol to 5-6% water, rapidly increased during the 1980s, with consumption peaking in 1989. water content in it and Gasoline C, or E25, which is a mixture of 75% Gasoline A and 25% in volume of anhydrous ethanol (AEAC) with a maximum of 0.4% 40 CFR § 80.27 40 CFR § 80.27(d)
The World Health Organization now estimates that in 2012 around 7 million people died—one in eight (12.5%) of total global deaths—as a result of air pollution exposure. Estimates of people’s exposure to outdoor air pollution in different parts of the world were formulated through a new global data mapping.
National programs for sustainable resource management will also have to consider the global land use associated with the domestic consumption of biomass products (agriculture, forestry) in order to limit the shift of environmental pressure to other regions. However very few studies include water use impacts. Ravindranath et al.
MRC lists the amount of chemical usage on its website, monitors chemicals in the water table, doesn’t use the herbicide within the watercourse protection zones, and plans to phase out the use of the chemical by 2020. Looking down to the water from the bridge, one can see fish flitting about in the clear water. Click to enlarge.
Up there, 10 to 50 kilometers above the Earth’s surface, ozone molecules absorb the sun’s ultraviolet light, protecting life far below. Even less is understood about the potential risks to people and the environment—could the particles deplete the ozone layer, for example, or significantly alter the weather?
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