Global, Ozone and Transportation

Study finds global emissions of several banned ozone-destroying CFCs are increasing

Green Car Congress

APRIL 10, 2023

New analysis has found increasing emissions of several ozone-depleting chemicals despite their production being banned for most uses under the Montreal Protocol—and a loophole in the rules is likely responsible. According to the researchers, emissions from these CFCs currently do not significantly threaten ozone recovery.

Ozone

Ozone Emissions Global Switzerland

CICERO-led study finds global warming effect of leaked hydrogen almost 12x stronger than CO2

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JUNE 12, 2023

A study led by Norwegian climate center CICERO has found that the global warming effect of leaked hydrogen is almost 12 times stronger than that of CO 2. Rather, it is the leaking of hydrogen from production, transportation and usage that adds to global warming. A global warming potential of 11.6 Sand et al. Sand et al.

Hydrogen

Hydrogen Global Ozone CO2

Study finds pollution emitted near equator has biggest impact on global ozone

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NOVEMBER 9, 2016

They found that the increase in ozone burden due to the spatial distribution change slightly exceeds the combined influences of the increased emission magnitude and global methane. Based on their findings, they suggested that emission increases in Southeast, East and South Asia may be most important for the ozone change.

Ozone

Ozone Pollution Global North Carolina

WHO issues new, lower Global Air Quality Guidelines for classical pollutants

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 25, 2021

New WHO has issued new Global Air Quality Guidelines (AQGs) that reduce levels of key air pollutants, some of which also contribute to climate change. Since WHO’s last 2005 global update, there has been a marked increase of evidence that shows how air pollution affects different aspects of health. WHO global air quality guidelines.

Pollution

Pollution Global 2005 Ozone

Fast action on black carbon, ozone and methane could help limit global temperature rise to 2 degrees C

Green Car Congress

JUNE 15, 2011

Global benefits from full implementation of the identified measures in 2030 compared to the reference scenario. Fast action on pollutants such as black carbon, ground-level ozone and methane may help limit near term global temperature rise and significantly increase the chances of keeping temperature rise below 2 °C (3.6 °F)—and

Ozone

Ozone Carbon Climate Change Global

Reducing Black Carbon Emissions and Ground-Level Ozone Would Provide Immediate Benefit Against Climate Change

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 21, 2009

Reducing emissions of black carbon soot and ground-level ozone would quickly make a considerable dent in the climate change problem and would also contribute to public health and protect crop yields, according to an essay in the September/October issue of Foreign Affairs. Besides a danger to breathe, ozone lowers crop yields.

Climate Change

Climate Change Ozone Climate Carbon

Study links ambient PM2.5 and ozone specifically caused by vehicle exhaust emissions to ~361,000 premature deaths worldwide in 2010 and ~385,000 in 2015

Green Car Congress

MARCH 1, 2019

A new study provides the most detailed picture available to date of the global, regional, and local health impacts attributable to emissions from four transportation subsectors: on-road diesel vehicles; other on-road vehicles; shipping; and non-road mobile engines such as agricultural and construction equipment. of global ambient PM 2.5

Ozone

Ozone 2015 2010 Exhaust

Study Links Springtime Ozone Increases Above Western North America to Emissions in Asia

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 21, 2010

Springtime ozone distributions for 1984, 1995–2008 in the mid-troposphere (3.0–8.0 Springtime ozone levels above western North America are rising primarily due to air flowing eastward from the Pacific Ocean, a trend that is largest when the air originates in Asia. The US EPA recently proposed new tougher ground-level ozone standards.

North America

North America Ozone Asia America

UNEP study: small number of measures targeting black carbon and tropospheric ozone could yield immediate climate benefits

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 22, 2011

Global benefits from full implementation of the identified measures in 2030 compared to the reference scenario. Black carbon and tropospheric ozone are harmful air pollutants that also contribute to climate change. Full implementation of these measures would reduce future global warming by 0.5 °C Click to enlarge.

Ozone

Ozone Climate Carbon Climate Change

UN report projects that increasing use of HFCs likely to have a significant climate impact by 2050; equivalent to current total annual emissions from transport

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 21, 2011

The decrease in CO 2 equivalent emissions of ODSs (ozone-depleting substances: CFCs, halons, HCFCs, and others) may be offset by the projected increase in their non-ozone depleting substitutes (HFCs) (lines designated as HFC scenarios). Climate and the Ozone Layer. Source: UNEP. Click to enlarge.

Climate

Climate Ozone Emissions Transportation

Study finds rising temperatures increase risk of unhealthy ozone levels absent sharp cuts in precursors

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MAY 5, 2014

Ozone pollution across the continental United States will become far more difficult to keep in check as temperatures rise, according to new work led by the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR). Preliminary global mean CO 2 concentrations in February 2014 were 398.06 Ozone formation. Scenario A2 and RCP 8.5.

Ozone

Ozone Climate Change Pollution Climate

CARB, NOAA, NASA and San Jose State University scientists team up to study ozone transported across Pacific

Green Car Congress

JUNE 17, 2016

As California continues to reduce local sources of ozone, ozone entering the state from the Pacific makes up a larger fraction of measured ozone levels. An ozonesonde is a balloon which measures ozone from the surface to more than 10 kilometers above the ground.

San Jose

San Jose Ozone Universal Transportation

Study Finds On-Road Transportation Sector the Greatest Net Contributor to Atmospheric Warming Now and in Mid-Term; Power Sector Takes the Lead by 2050

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 19, 2010

used a climate model to analyze the effects of a wide range of chemical species, including carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, methane, organic carbon, black carbon, nitrate, sulfate, and ozone, from 13 sectors of the economy from 2000 to 2100. Targeting on-road transportation is a win-win-win. Unger et al.

Transportation

Transportation Climate Change Powered Power

Study: 2/3 of aviation climate impact due to emissions other than CO2

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 6, 2020

Net warming from NO x emissions is a sum over warming (short-term ozone increase) and cooling (decreases in methane and stratospheric water vapor, and a long-term decrease in ozone) terms. These contributions involve a large number of chemical, microphysical, transport and, radiative processes in the global atmosphere.

Climate

Climate Emissions CO2 Climate Change

Study Concludes Warming Climate Will Increase Ozone Levels in Major California Air Basins; Climate Change and Regional Air Quality Are Intertwined Problems

Green Car Congress

JULY 22, 2010

Illustration of projected ozone changes in the South Coast region due to climate change in 2050. Areas in orange and red could see ozone concentrations elevated by 9 to 18 parts per billion. Click to enlarge. These narrow-focused models utilize high-resolution information about the geography, meteorology and emissions of these areas.

Climate Change

Climate Change Ozone Climate California

Duke/York study finds long-term exposure to ozone has significant impacts on human health, but lower than prior modeling results

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OCTOBER 12, 2018

A team from Duke University in the US and University of York in the UK have utilized a novel method to estimate long-term ozone exposure and previously reported epidemiological results to quantify the health burden from long-term ozone exposure in three major regions of the world. —Karl Seltzer. Karl M Seltzer et al.

Ozone

Ozone 2015 United States Europe

CSIRO study finds ozone uptake in oceans much lower than previously thought

Green Car Congress

JULY 31, 2019

CSIRO scientists have developed a new way to account for ozone in computer simulations of the climate. This latest modeling shows that the oceans take much less ozone out of the atmosphere than previously thought. Ozone (O 3 ) is formed by reactions of chemicals such as nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds—i.e.,

Ozone

Ozone Climate Global Water

NOAA Study Identifies Nitrous Oxide as Top Ozone-Depleting Emission in 21st Century

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 28, 2009

Currently, anthropogenic N 2 O emissions represent the largest contribution to ozone depletion. The study, published online 27 August in the journal Science , for the first time evaluated nitrous oxide emissions from human activities in terms of their potential impact on Earth’s ozone layer. Source: Ravishankara et al. TgCO 2 e, 9.7%).

Ozone

Ozone Emissions 2009 Climate

Study finds global emissions of ethane and propane underestimated by more than 50%

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 27, 2018

Global levels of the hydrocarbons ethane and propane in the atmosphere have been underestimated by more than 50%, according to a new study by a team of scientists from Europe and the US. Levels of ethane and propane declined in many places the 1980s and 1990s, but global growth in demand for natural gas means these trends may be reversing.

Emissions

Emissions Global Ozone 2011

Study finds that under business-as-usual scenario, average global air quality to worsen; China, North India and Middle East are the hot spots

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 2, 2012

Following this BAU scenario, the researchers projected that air quality for the global average citizen in 2050 would be almost comparable to that for the average citizen in East Asia in the year 2005—an outcome which underscores the need to pursue emission reductions, according to the authors. —Pozzer et al.

India

India Global 2005 Asia

Study Finds Traveling by Car Increases Global Temperatures More than Traveling by Plane In the Long Term

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 4, 2010

Temperature change per transport work by mode for various years after the emissions: per passenger kilometer for passenger travel (left) and per ton-kilometer for freight transport (right). Global average values for the year 2000. Bars represent 1 SD. Credit: ACS, Borken-Kleefeld et al. Click to enlarge. Borken-Kleefeld et al.

Global

Global Climate Change Climate 2000

World Bank to focus on reducing short-lived climate pollutants; transport projects

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 4, 2013

A new report prepared by the World Bank at the request of the G8 identifies ways that the World Bank can do more through its projects to reduce the emission of short-lived climate pollutants (SLCPs): black carbon, methane, tropospheric ozone, and fluorinated gases known as HFCs. Transportation projects. degrees Celsius.

Pollution

Pollution Climate Transportation Climate Change

California 2017 GHG inventory shows 1.2% total drop from 2016; transportation sector emissions up 1%

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 14, 2019

The transportation sector remains the largest source of GHG emissions in the state, and saw a 1% increase in emissions in 2017. Transportation sector emission sources include combustion of fuels utilized in-state that are used by on-road and off-road vehicles, aviation, rail, and water-borne vehicles, as well as a few other smaller sources.

2017

2017 2016 Transportation Emissions

Satellite method provides insight into ozone-NOx-VOCs sensitivity for different locations

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 7, 2017

Ozone pollution near Earth’s surface is one of the main ingredients of summertime smog. It is also not directly measurable from space due to the abundance of ozone higher in the atmosphere, which obscures measurements of surface ozone. —Jin et al.

Ozone

Ozone Insight Netherlands North America

Perspective: US Needs to Transition to Hydrous Ethanol as the Primary Renewable Transportation Fuel

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 30, 2009

Hydrous ethanol has been used in the United States as a transportation fuel for at least one hundred years. These distilleries made 192-proof alcohol for human consumption, lantern fuel and transportation fuel. Rapid expansion of the ethanol industry is creating global supply/demand issues. This moonshine was hydrous ethanol.

Transportation

Transportation Fuel Renewable Gasoline-Electric

Life cycle analysis of three battery chemistries for PHEVs and BEVs; environmental impacts higher than expected

Green Car Congress

APRIL 21, 2011

On a per-storage basis, the team found that the NiMH technology was found to have the highest environmental impact, followed by NCM and then LFP, for all categories considered except ozone depletion potential. They also found higher life cycle global warming emissions than have been previously reported. —Majeau-Bettez et al.

Nickel Metal Hydride

Nickel Metal Hydride NiMH Li-ion PHEV

Renault makes public its lifecycle study of Fluence ICE vs Fluence EV

Green Car Congress

JULY 11, 2013

Renault selected six environmental indicators for the LCA: Global Warming 100yr Potential (kg CO 2 equivalent). in the atmosphere and consequently of global warming potential. Photochemical Ozone Creation Potential (kg Ethene equivalent). Quantifies the production of pollutant ozone (? Tailpipe CO 2 (NEDC). emissions).

Li-ion

Li-ion Gasoline-Electric Ozone Diesel

Study finds global rivers and streams emitting 3x IPCC estimates of the GHG N2O

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 22, 2010

This new global emission estimate is startling. Nitrous oxide is a potent greenhouse gas that contributes to climate change and stratospheric ozone destruction. Much of this nitrogen is transported into river and stream networks where it may be converted to nitrous oxide, a potent greenhouse gas, via the activity of microbes.

New Hampshire

New Hampshire Global Climate Change Ozone

Study first to quantify amount of US pollution resulting from Chinese manufacturing for exports

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 21, 2014

China is responsible for only a small percentage of the annual pollution in the US, but powerful global winds known as “westerlies” can push airborne chemicals across the ocean in days, particularly during the spring, causing dangerous spikes in contaminants. Maximum daily percentage of sulfate pollution in US related to Chinese exports.

Pollution

Pollution Chinese Manufacturer Ozone

Northwestern/Princeton study explores air quality impacts of aggressive conversion to EVs

Green Car Congress

APRIL 15, 2019

The exponentially increasing global market share of EVs has prompted research on their efficacy in reducing greenhouse gases, but comparatively little effort has focused on their impact on air quality. This despite evidence that suggests air pollution impacts from the transportation sector exceed those from greenhouse gases. …

Conversion

Conversion Jordan Ozone Coal

Maersk calls for EU enforcement of reefer legislation, pushes its Supotec foam

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 4, 2013

Maersk Container Industry (MCI) is calling for tougher enforcement of European environmental legislation designed to protect the Earth’s ozone layer and help prevent climate change. Current EU legislation bans the “import” or “placing on the market” of reefer containers with significant potential to damage the climate and ozone layer.

Ozone

Ozone 2002 Denmark Climate Change

MIT study: half of US deaths related to air pollution are linked to out-of-state emissions

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 15, 2020

To make further progress, we should start focusing on road transportation and commercial and residential emissions. The research was a collaboration between MIT’s Laboratory for Aviation and the Environment and the MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change. and/or ozone. and/or ozone.

MIT

MIT Pollution Emissions 2005

ICCT report finds global implementation of advanced emissions and fuel-quality regs could cut early deaths from vehicle emissions by 75% in 2030

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 6, 2013

Global trends in vehicle-kilometers traveled (VKT) and early deaths from vehicle-related fine particle exposure (2000–2030). A study by a team at the the International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT) finds that if that lag persists and present trends in vehicle activity continue, early deaths from vehicle-related PM 2.5

Emissions

Emissions Global Fuel Vehicles

Study Finds Asian Monsoon Carries Pollution Into the Stratosphere

Green Car Congress

MARCH 27, 2010

The Asian monsoon circulation provides an effective pathway for pollution from Asia, India, and Indonesia to enter the global stratosphere, according to a new international study led by scientists at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) in Boulder, Colo. NCAR scientist William Randel, the lead author.

Pollution

Pollution Asia Ozone Indonesia

California ARB and NOAA Collaborating in $20M Research on Interaction of Air Pollution and Climate Change; One Atmosphere Approach

Green Car Congress

MAY 28, 2010

Schematic diagram of the trade-offs between the implications for regional air quality and global climate change of new policies for management of the atmosphere. The complex roles that ozone and aerosols play in the atmosphere provide examples of such trade-offs. Source: NOAA. Click to enlarge. emission inventories?

Climate Change

Climate Change Climate Pollution California

UCI-led study finds California’s strict air quality regulations have helped farmers

Green Car Congress

MARCH 17, 2020

They found that reductions in ground ozone during this 35-year period resulted in $600 million in increased production annually by the early 2010s. These aren’t the things that are providing the global population with its main source of calories. An open-access paper on the work appears in Nature Food. —Steven Davis.

Ozone

Ozone Davis San Diego Pollution

Study Highlights the Importance of Considering Climate Effects of Non-CO2 Emissions from Transport in Mitigation Strategies and Policies

Green Car Congress

APRIL 2, 2009

Radiative forcing from the global and US ORT and PG sectors. The on-road transportation (ORT) and power generation (PG) sectors are major contributors to CO 2 emissions and a host of short-lived radiatively-active air pollutants, including tropospheric ozone and fine aerosol particles, that exert complex influences on global climate.

Climate

Climate Emissions Transportation Climate Change

MIT study finds including non-CO2 emissions from synthetic aviation fuel in lifecycle analysis of climate impact can lead to decrease in relative environmental merit; need for a holistic analysis framework

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 23, 2011

Life cycle analyses of biobased, ground transportation fuels assume that the emissions from fuel combustion are equal and opposite to the emissions absorbed from the atmosphere during growth of the feedstock. In the months following a pulse of NO x in the upper atmosphere, ozone production is stimulated causing a short-term warming.

MIT

MIT Climate Emissions Fuel

HALO research aircraft measuring the emissions of megacities in EmeRGe project

Green Car Congress

MARCH 22, 2018

However, emissions do not just remain in conurbations; particles and gaseous pollutants can be transported thousands of kilometers by the wind. The University of Bremen is the scientific base of the international project known as EMeRGe (Effect of Megacities on the transport and transformation of pollutants on the Regional and Global scales).

Emissions

Emissions Taiwan Asia Ozone

Study estimates ~4M children worldwide develop asthma each year because of NO2 air pollution

Green Car Congress

APRIL 11, 2019

Improving access to cleaner forms of transportation, like electrified public transport and active commuting by cycling and walking, would not only bring down NO 2 levels, but would also reduce asthma, enhance physical fitness, and cut greenhouse gas emissions.

Pollution

Pollution United Arab Emirates South Korea Las Vegas

ARB releases proposed cap-and-trade regulation for comment; transportation fuels impacted in 2015

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 29, 2010

The program will cover the major sources of GHG emissions in the State, including refineries and power plants, industrial facilities, and transportation fuels. Transportation fuels. For transportation fuel combustion emissions, the covered entity is the supplier of the fuel. Offset Protocols.

2015

2015 Transportation Fuel Emissions

Linde subsidiary to blend HCR188C alternative low global warming potential refrigerants in EU

Green Car Congress

APRIL 24, 2015

to blend the low global warming potential, ASHRAE-listed hydrocarbon refrigerants HCR188C/R441A (a replacement for R134A) and HCR188C/R443A (a replacement for R22). HCR188C/R441A and HCR188C/R443A are both patented and trademarked zero-ozone-depleting/extremely low global-warming-potential (GWP) hydrocarbon blends.

Global

Global Hawaii Ozone Germany

New international study finds lab testing of diesel NOx emissions underestimates real-world levels by up to 50%

Green Car Congress

MAY 15, 2017

The research, led by the International Council on Clean Transportation and Environmental Health Analytics, LLC., —Josh Miller, researcher at the International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT). A paper on the work is published in the journal Nature. The team then computed the impacts on health, crops and climate.

Diesel

Diesel International Emissions Ozone

HEI: 95%+ of world’s population live in areas of unhealthy air

Green Car Congress

APRIL 18, 2018

Seven billion people, more than 95% of the world’s population, lived in areas exceeding the WHO Guideline for healthy air in 2016, according to a new global study. State of Global Air 2018. Population-weighted seasonal average ozone concentrations in 2016. State of Global Air 2018. State of Global Air 2018.

Pollution

Pollution Coal 2016 India

Study finds global emissions of several banned ozone-destroying CFCs are increasing

CICERO-led study finds global warming effect of leaked hydrogen almost 12x stronger than CO2

Study finds pollution emitted near equator has biggest impact on global ozone

WHO issues new, lower Global Air Quality Guidelines for classical pollutants

Fast action on black carbon, ozone and methane could help limit global temperature rise to 2 degrees C

Reducing Black Carbon Emissions and Ground-Level Ozone Would Provide Immediate Benefit Against Climate Change

Study links ambient PM2.5 and ozone specifically caused by vehicle exhaust emissions to ~361,000 premature deaths worldwide in 2010 and ~385,000 in 2015

Study Links Springtime Ozone Increases Above Western North America to Emissions in Asia

UNEP study: small number of measures targeting black carbon and tropospheric ozone could yield immediate climate benefits

UN report projects that increasing use of HFCs likely to have a significant climate impact by 2050; equivalent to current total annual emissions from transport

Study finds rising temperatures increase risk of unhealthy ozone levels absent sharp cuts in precursors

CARB, NOAA, NASA and San Jose State University scientists team up to study ozone transported across Pacific

Study Finds On-Road Transportation Sector the Greatest Net Contributor to Atmospheric Warming Now and in Mid-Term; Power Sector Takes the Lead by 2050

Study: 2/3 of aviation climate impact due to emissions other than CO2

Study Concludes Warming Climate Will Increase Ozone Levels in Major California Air Basins; Climate Change and Regional Air Quality Are Intertwined Problems

Duke/York study finds long-term exposure to ozone has significant impacts on human health, but lower than prior modeling results

CSIRO study finds ozone uptake in oceans much lower than previously thought

NOAA Study Identifies Nitrous Oxide as Top Ozone-Depleting Emission in 21st Century

Study finds global emissions of ethane and propane underestimated by more than 50%

Study finds that under business-as-usual scenario, average global air quality to worsen; China, North India and Middle East are the hot spots

Study Finds Traveling by Car Increases Global Temperatures More than Traveling by Plane In the Long Term

World Bank to focus on reducing short-lived climate pollutants; transport projects

California 2017 GHG inventory shows 1.2% total drop from 2016; transportation sector emissions up 1%

Satellite method provides insight into ozone-NOx-VOCs sensitivity for different locations

Perspective: US Needs to Transition to Hydrous Ethanol as the Primary Renewable Transportation Fuel

Life cycle analysis of three battery chemistries for PHEVs and BEVs; environmental impacts higher than expected

Renault makes public its lifecycle study of Fluence ICE vs Fluence EV

Study finds global rivers and streams emitting 3x IPCC estimates of the GHG N2O

Study first to quantify amount of US pollution resulting from Chinese manufacturing for exports

Northwestern/Princeton study explores air quality impacts of aggressive conversion to EVs

Maersk calls for EU enforcement of reefer legislation, pushes its Supotec foam

MIT study: half of US deaths related to air pollution are linked to out-of-state emissions

ICCT report finds global implementation of advanced emissions and fuel-quality regs could cut early deaths from vehicle emissions by 75% in 2030

Study Finds Asian Monsoon Carries Pollution Into the Stratosphere

California ARB and NOAA Collaborating in $20M Research on Interaction of Air Pollution and Climate Change; One Atmosphere Approach

UCI-led study finds California’s strict air quality regulations have helped farmers

Study Highlights the Importance of Considering Climate Effects of Non-CO2 Emissions from Transport in Mitigation Strategies and Policies

MIT study finds including non-CO2 emissions from synthetic aviation fuel in lifecycle analysis of climate impact can lead to decrease in relative environmental merit; need for a holistic analysis framework

HALO research aircraft measuring the emissions of megacities in EmeRGe project

Study estimates ~4M children worldwide develop asthma each year because of NO2 air pollution

ARB releases proposed cap-and-trade regulation for comment; transportation fuels impacted in 2015

Linde subsidiary to blend HCR188C alternative low global warming potential refrigerants in EU

New international study finds lab testing of diesel NOx emissions underestimates real-world levels by up to 50%

HEI: 95%+ of world’s population live in areas of unhealthy air

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