Green Car Congress

AUGUST 9, 2012

In California’s Los Angeles Basin, levels of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) pollutants have decreased by about 98% since the 1960s, even as area residents now burn approximately three times as much gasoline and diesel fuel. This indicates that the main VOC source in the LA basin is likely gasoline vehicle emission.

Los Angeles 285

Los Angeles Gasoline Ozone 2002 285

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 17, 2009

A University of Utah engineer has developed an inexpensive new method to remove oil sheen by repeatedly pressurizing and depressurizing ozone gas, creating microscopic bubbles that attack the oil so it can be removed by sand filters. The ozone in the bubble attacks certain pollutants because it is a strong oxidant.

Ozone 199

Ozone Water Oil-Sands Oil 199

Green Car Congress

JULY 18, 2010

Researchers at the University of Colorado, Boulder and the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) modeled the emissions impact had plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) replaced light duty gasoline vehicles in the Denver, Colorado area in summer 2006. Ozone concentration increases were modeled for small areas near central Denver.

Denver 170

Denver Ozone PHEV Colorado 170

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 16, 2018

Consumer products such as shampoo, cleaning products and paint now contribute as much to emitted volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in cities as tailpipe emissions from vehicles, according to a new study led by NOAA. Total VOC emission factors for end uses of petrochemical sources in the study. You don’t do this with gasoline.

Pollution 264

Pollution Transportation Production Los Angeles 264

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 23, 2012

Contribution of gasoline and diesel exhaust to SOA over 0% to 50% diesel fuel use. The study determined that, depending on a region’s fuel use, diesel exhaust is responsible for 65% to 90% of vehicular-derived SOA, with substantial contributions from aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons. Gentner et al. Click to enlarge. Earlier post.).

Diesel 281

Diesel Los Angeles Exhaust Gasoline 281

Green Car Congress

APRIL 19, 2013

A study by a team of researchers from France and the US found that the origin of volatile hydrocarbons, other than methane, present in city air is mainly gasoline-powered vehicles. They therefore concluded that gasoline engines are probably the main source of volatile hydrocarbons in both cities.

Los Angeles 225

Los Angeles Pollution Gasoline Engine 225

Green Car Congress

JULY 17, 2017

The study is published in the journal Nature Communications. Geiger and Alberto Salvo, an associate professor of economics at the National University of Singapore, led the study—their second with São Paulo big data. At the same time, nitric oxide and carbon monoxide concentrations tended to go up.

Gasoline 150

Gasoline Singapore Brazil Ozone 150

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 23, 2013

A team at Ford Motor Company’s Research and Innovation Center in Dearborn conducted a detailed study of the effect of ethanol blend level in emissions, using a 2006 model Mercury Grand Marquis flexible fuel vehicle (FFV) operating on E0, E10, E20, E30, E40, E55, and E80 on a chassis dynamometer. —Hubbard et al.

Emissions 294

Emissions Ford Exhaust Fuel 294

Green Car Congress

MAY 12, 2017

A new study quantifying emissions from a fleet of gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines and port fuel injection (PFI) engines finds that the measured decrease in CO 2 emissions from GDIs is much greater than the potential climate forcing associated with higher black carbon emissions from GDI engines. —Saliba et al.

Fleet 207

Fleet Engine Fuel Economy Global 207

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 11, 2012

Researchers from the University of Minnesota have produced a spatially and temporally explicit life cycle inventory (LCI) of air pollutants from gasoline, ethanol derived from corn grain, and ethanol from corn stover for the contiguous US (the lower 48 states). Credit: ACS, Tessum et al. Click to enlarge. the contiguous US).

Gasoline 236

Gasoline Emissions Gasoline-Electric Pollution 236

Green Car Congress

MAY 17, 2020

Deterioration of the ozone layer [kg CFC-11-eq.]. A recent PSI study led by environmental scientist Christian Bauer found that a battery electric car is already the most environmentally friendly option in Switzerland and many other countries, even when the manufacture of the battery is figured in. —Romain Sacchi.

Mariner 435

Mariner Climate Change DC Cars 435

Green Car Congress

JULY 18, 2022

The California Air Resources Board (CARB) has released the results of a multiyear study evaluating exhaust emissions from the use of California Reformulated Gasoline (CaRFG) that contains 15 volume percent ethanol (E15). California currently limits the ethanol content of gasoline to 10 percent.

Fuel Economy 186

Fuel Economy Economy Fuel Ozone 186

Green Car Congress

MAY 5, 2015

VOCs and nitrogen oxides react with sunlight to form ground-level ozone, the main component of smog. Over the past decade, because of the renewable fuel mandate, we have added 10 percent of ethanol to all the gasoline that is sold in the U.S. That is where this study fits in. —Joost de Gouw.

Ozone 150

Ozone Emissions Colorado Coal 150

Green Car Congress

MAY 25, 2010

A study by researchers at Lund University in Sweden found that Swedish biofuels produce between 65 and 148% less greenhouse gas emissions than gasoline and diesel, even when direct and indirect land use changes are taken into account. Direct and indirect land use changes were also studied. (A A hat-tip to John!).

Climate 170

Climate Waste Climate Change Sweden 170

Green Car Congress

MAY 1, 2018

NO x emissions have not been decreasing as expected in recent years (2011–2015) when comparing top-down estimates from satellites and surface NO 2 measurements to the trends predicted from the US Environmental Protection Agency’s emission inventory data, according to a new study by an international team of researchers.

Emissions 150

Emissions Ozone Pollution EPA 150

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 19, 2009

Here, RME show advantages for primary energy and GHG, but disadvantages in terms of acidification, eutrophication and ozone depletion. An important analytical issue that needs to be addressed, the report notes, is the lack of lifecycle assessment studies focusing on a wider set of environmental impact indicators than greenhouse gas emissions.

Ozone 186

Ozone Water Emissions Oil 186

Green Car Congress

JUNE 27, 2014

After ten years in orbit, the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) on NASA’s Aura satellite has been in orbit sufficiently long to show that people in major US cities are breathing less nitrogen dioxide. The gas is produced primarily during the combustion of gasoline in vehicle engines and coal in power plants.

Ozone 210

Ozone Maryland Pollution Aura 210

Green Car Congress

JUNE 27, 2013

Among the findings of the study, published in the ACS journal Environmental Science & Technology , is that a car’s fuel efficiency and occupancy are central to whether the impact from a trip is as high as from air travel or as low as from train travel. In their study, Borken-Kleefeld et al. shorter-lived climate forcers (SLCFs).

Climate 186

Climate Diesel Emissions Climate Change 186

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 27, 2015

The study found that 60% of the winter primary hydrocarbon hydroxyl radical reactivity in London is from those diesel-related hydrocarbons; the authors predicted that the longer-chain HCs contribute up to 50 % of the ozone production potential in London.

London 150

London Pollution Diesel Emissions 150

Green Car Congress

MAY 29, 2014

In the Tianjin study, they team fueled a four-cylinder light-duty diesel engine fueled with CFT and DF, identifying 13 individual carbonyl compounds in the exhaust. lower ozone formation potential of the carbonyl compounds present than DF under the identical operating conditions. Jakober, 2008). In addition, there was an 18.0–35.8%

Coal 210

Coal Diesel Emissions Fuel 210

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 15, 2018

This study simulated bluff body stabilized non-premixed turbulent ammonia (NH 3 )/air flames using swirling flows. This study also found that the effect of pressure on NO emissions is significant irrespective of the combustion type, because reducing the OH radical concentration in NH 3 /air flame at high pressure limits the NO generation.

Emissions 308

Emissions Hydrogen Fuel Global 308

Green Car Congress

JUNE 1, 2017

Traffic contributes more to NO x emissions in Europe than previously thought, according to a new study by a team at the University of Innsbruck. A large number of new studies have recently been published suggesting that emission levels from test stands have to be adjusted upwards. —Karl et al.

Europe 150

Europe Diesel Emissions Pollution 150

Plugs and Cars

JULY 19, 2007

The basic question addressed, which appears on the study homepage (epri-reports.org) is this: How would air quality and greenhouse gas emissions be affected if significant numbers of Americans drove cars that were fueled by the power grid? And the grid is getting cleaner and more renewable every year. I truly hope we have turned a corner.

Plug-in 100

Plug-in EPRI Plug Hybrid 100

Green Car Congress

JULY 28, 2012

Ethanol is emitted to the atmosphere by both natural and anthropogenic processes; examples of the latter include industrial processes, biomass combustion and use as a biofuel mixed with gasoline. This is accompanied by a modest regional decrease in surface ozone (of order 1%). Numbers inset give the total North American ethanol source.

North America 240

North America America Emissions Fuel 240

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 11, 2010

Regarding future Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emission regulations (Pavley 2), staff is evaluating studies of the feasibility and cost of advanced technologies to reduce GHG emissions that could achieve widespread sales and acceptance in the 2017-2025 timeframe. Since gasoline vehicles emit generally at or below 1.0 PM Standard.

Emissions 186

Emissions California Fleet Vehicles 186

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 4, 2011

Given the current blend limit of up to 15-percent ethanol in gasoline, a maximum of 19 billion gallons of ethanol can be consumed unless the number of flex-fuel vehicles increases substantially. The study was sponsored by the US Department of Agriculture, US Department of Energy, and US Environmental Protection Agency.

Renewable 252

Renewable Tax Credit Conversion Fuel 252

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 22, 2009

A new report from the National Research Council examines and, when possible, estimates, “hidden” costs of energy production and use—such as the damage air pollution imposes on human health—that are not reflected in market prices of coal, oil, other energy sources, or the electricity and gasoline produced from them. cents to about 1.7

2005 246

2005 Cost Of Energy Coal 246

Green Car Congress

MAY 6, 2010

Testing is due to be complete next year, prompting the auto, oil and outdoor power equipment industries to urge the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to delay action on its proposal to allow higher levels of ethanol in gasoline until that testing is done. Earlier post.) The projects are: Fuel storage and handling (CRC AVFL-15).

Vehicles 186

Vehicles Emissions 2010 Ozone 186

Blink Charging

SEPTEMBER 12, 2023

The transition away from gasoline and diesel vehicles to electric vehicles (EVs) is going full throttle in the United States, and that includes the iconic yellow school bus. As it turns out, the very gasoline or diesel vehicles children use to go to school hamper their learning.

Fleet 123

Fleet Pollution Diesel Ozone 123

Green Car Congress

APRIL 22, 2009

ZSM-5 and SAPO-34) have been used to convert methyl halides to products including gasoline, olefins, aromatics, alcohols and ethers. bio-gasoline—in a two-step process. Zeolite catalysts (e.g., A paper on the work was published online 20 April in the Journal of the American Chemical Society.

Engine 150

Engine Fuel San Francisco Convert 150

Green Car Congress

MAY 2, 2016

Accordingly, there have been a number of recent studies working to assess the impact of non-exhaust emissions from EVs and suggesting a regulatory or policy response (e.g., A 2014 study by Weinbruch et al. Compared to earlier studies, Weinbruch et al. A new Rotterdam-specific study by a pan-European team (Tobollik et al.

Exhaust 150

Exhaust Emissions Belgium Gasoline-Electric 150

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 9, 2009

Isoprene, a five-carbon diene formed naturally in plants and animals and a precursor of ozone, contributes more than 40% of these emissions. There is much more isoprene emitted to the atmosphere than all of the gases (gasoline, industrial chemicals) emitted by human activities, with the important exceptions of methane and carbon dioxide.

Climate 150

Climate New Zealand Denmark 2009 150

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 14, 2015

California’s and, potentially, EPA’s move toward further heavy-duty NO x reductions to meet National Ambient Air Quality Standards for ozone will be critical. Studies, some of which are under way that contribute to this objective, should strive to answer questions such as what fuel properties (e.g.,

MPG 150

MPG Fuel 2009 Miles 150

Green Car Congress

JUNE 13, 2009

million in new grants to study the use and impacts of escaped nitrogen from agricultural production. Farm machines burning oil, gasoline and diesel release nitrogen to the air. University of California, Davis researchers will receive $2.8 Wastes from cattle, chickens and other livestock include nitrogen.

Davis 240

Davis Escape Ozone California 240

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 30, 2009

In 1975, General Ernesto Geisel, then-president of Brazil, ordered the country’s gasoline supply mixed with 10% ethanol. The level was raised to 25% over the next five years, which was intended to maintain a constant Brazilian gasoline supply for an ever-increasing demand. These were arguably the first flex-fuel vehicles.

Transportation 317

Transportation Fuel Renewable Gasoline-Electric 317

Green Car Congress

JULY 29, 2010

Controlling soot from fossil fuels and solid biofuels may be a faster method of reducing Arctic ice loss and global warming than other options, including controlling CH 4 or CO 2 , although all controls are needed, according to a new study by Dr. Mark Z. The study will be published this week in Journal of Geophysical Research (Atmospheres).

Global 230

Global Ozone CO2 Pollution 230

Green Car Congress

JUNE 8, 2015

However, in a case study of the Forest Stewardship Council’s (FSC) work and the Mendocino Redwood Company (MRC), Greenpeace noted that: Areas that were clearcut by MRC’s predecessor now have excessive amounts of tanoak, a fast-sprouting species that competes with redwoods and Douglas fir, and is not commercially viable for MRC as a wood product.

Carbon 150

Carbon Personal Store Emissions 150