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Environmental impacts of gasoline and E85. eutrophication; ET = ecological toxicity; FEC = fossil energy consumption; WU = water use; LO = land occupation; “The rest” includes acidification; smog formation; ozone layer depletion; and human health effects. Process flow diagrams for E85 and gasoline. GW = global warming; Eut.
Researchers from the University of Minnesota have produced a spatially and temporally explicit life cycle inventory (LCI) of air pollutants from gasoline, ethanol derived from corn grain, and ethanol from corn stover for the contiguous US (the lower 48 states). Dashed lines show US average emissions. Credit: ACS, Tessum et al.
Ethanol is emitted to the atmosphere by both natural and anthropogenic processes; examples of the latter include industrial processes, biomass combustion and use as a biofuel mixed with gasoline. This is accompanied by a modest regional decrease in surface ozone (of order 1%). Numbers inset give the total North American ethanol source.
The transition away from gasoline and diesel vehicles to electric vehicles (EVs) is going full throttle in the United States, and that includes the iconic yellow school bus. As it turns out, the very gasoline or diesel vehicles children use to go to school hamper their learning.
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