Exhaust, Ozone and Study

CICERO-led study finds global warming effect of leaked hydrogen almost 12x stronger than CO2

Green Car Congress

JUNE 12, 2023

A study led by Norwegian climate center CICERO has found that the global warming effect of leaked hydrogen is almost 12 times stronger than that of CO 2. Unlike exhaust from burning coal and gas that contains CO 2 , burning hydrogen emits only water vapor and oxygen. Sand et al. —Dr Sand The GWP100 of hydrogen. Sand et al.

Hydrogen

Hydrogen Global Ozone CO2

Japan, China researchers develop plasma-assisted MnO2 filter that produces zero-NO2, -SO2 diesel exhaust

Green Car Congress

MARCH 8, 2019

This research, published in the journal Separation and Purification Technology , shows that ozone can be used to remove not only SO x but also NO x from fossil fuel combustion exhaust streams. In our previous study, we found that MnO 2 can absorb not only SO 2 but also NO 2 simultaneously. Osaka et al. —Osaka et al.

Exhaust

Exhaust Ozone Japan Diesel

Study links air pollution to increased emergency department visits for heart and lung disease

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 11, 2018

They found that exposure to pollutants such as ground-level ozone and nitrogen oxides, which are created from burning fossil fuels, led to increased ED visits. The study is published in the journal Environment International. We estimated associations between twelve ambient air pollutants of both primary (e.g. Krall et al.

Pollution

Pollution St. Louis Dallas Atlanta

MIT study says combustion emissions cause ~200,000 premature deaths/year in US; vehicles and power generation top sources

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 29, 2013

1,000 to 21,000) deaths due to changes in ozone concentrations. 900 to 11,000) ozone-related early deaths per year. 300 to 4,000) ozone-related premature mortalities per year. 2000 (90% CI: 0–4,000) early deaths from ozone, according to the study. 53,000 (90% CI: 24,000–95,000) PM 2.5 related premature deaths and

MIT

MIT Emissions Ozone Powered

China study connects ozone pollution to cardiovascular health

Green Car Congress

JULY 17, 2017

Exposure to ozone, long associated with impaired lung function, is also connected to health changes that can cause cardiovascular disease such as heart attack, high blood pressure and stroke, according to a new study of Chinese adults. The team studied 89 healthy adults living in Changsha City, China, for one year.

Ozone

Ozone Pollution Connect Connected

Reducing Black Carbon Emissions and Ground-Level Ozone Would Provide Immediate Benefit Against Climate Change

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 21, 2009

Reducing emissions of black carbon soot and ground-level ozone would quickly make a considerable dent in the climate change problem and would also contribute to public health and protect crop yields, according to an essay in the September/October issue of Foreign Affairs. Besides a danger to breathe, ozone lowers crop yields.

Climate Change

Climate Change Ozone Climate Carbon

Study Finds Ozone Concentrations at Current Clean Air Standards Levels Can Impair Even Healthy Lungs

Green Car Congress

JULY 25, 2009

Exposure to ozone at levels currently deemed safe by the NAAQS clean air standards can have a significant and negative effect on lung function, according to researchers at the University of California, Davis. The previous primary and secondary standards were identical 8-hour standards, set at 0.08 Earlier post.).

Ozone

Ozone Standards Clean Cleaning

Study finds propane school buses significantly decrease NOx emissions compared to diesel

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 5, 2019

According to a study commissioned by the Washington, DC-based Propane Education & Research Council (PERC), NO x emissions measured from propane autogas school buses were substantially lower than those measured from diesel school buses. —Ross Ryskamp, Ph.D., associate director for testing and development at CAFEE. billion settlement.

West Virginia

West Virginia Diesel Emissions Virginia

Berkeley study identifies diesel as main source of vehicular secondary organic aerosols

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 23, 2012

Contribution of gasoline and diesel exhaust to SOA over 0% to 50% diesel fuel use. The study determined that, depending on a region’s fuel use, diesel exhaust is responsible for 65% to 90% of vehicular-derived SOA, with substantial contributions from aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons. Gentner et al. Click to enlarge.

Diesel

Diesel Los Angeles Exhaust Gasoline

Study: curbing diesel emissions could reduce mortality rates in big cities

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 1, 2019

Freight transportation is a pillar of the US national economy, but while long-haul trucks account for less than 6% of the vehicle miles traveled over US highways, they account for about 40% of the emissions of air polluting particulate matter and about 55% of nitrogen oxides, the precursor to ozone in the atmosphere, the study said.

Emissions

Emissions Diesel Ozone United States

Ford researchers report detailed study of the effect of different ethanol blend levels on emissions from FFVs

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 23, 2013

A team at Ford Motor Company’s Research and Innovation Center in Dearborn conducted a detailed study of the effect of ethanol blend level in emissions, using a 2006 model Mercury Grand Marquis flexible fuel vehicle (FFV) operating on E0, E10, E20, E30, E40, E55, and E80 on a chassis dynamometer. Engine-out exhaust contains typically 1?3%

Emissions

Emissions Ford Exhaust Fuel

HEI study finds London Congestion Charging Scheme shows little evidence of improving air quality

Green Car Congress

APRIL 27, 2011

The London Congestion Charging Scheme (CCS)—which charged for travel into central London and reduced traffic volume ( earlier post )—has shown little evidence that it improved air quality as well, according to Part I of a new study published by the Health Effects Institute (HEI). Resources.

London

London Charging Pollution Diesel

Study provides more insight into air pollution mechanisms that cause cardiovascular diseases

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 24, 2018

course, fine, ultrafine particles) and gaseous pollutants such as ozone, on vascular function. Here, we provide an updated overview of the impact of particulate and gaseous pollutants on endothelial function from human and animal studies. —Münzel et al.

Pollution

Pollution Insight Ozone Cleveland

HEI ACES study of lifetime animal exposure to New Technology Diesel Engine exhaust finds no lung cancer

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 27, 2015

The first study to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of lifetime exposure to new technology diesel exhaust (NTDE)—i.e., exhaust from heavy-duty diesel engines meeting EPA 2007 and later emissions requirements—has found no evidence of carcinogenic lung tumors. Earlier post.) —ACES report.

Exhaust

Exhaust Diesel Engine 2007

Comparative study finds that B20 increases emission rates of a number of pollutants in both light- and medium-duty diesel engines at idle

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 20, 2012

A new study led by researchers at the University of Michigan compared regulated and unregulated emissions from both light-duty passenger car (1.7 A new study led by researchers at the University of Michigan compared regulated and unregulated emissions from both light-duty passenger car (1.7 Emission rates for the 1.7 L engines at idle.

Pollution

Pollution Diesel Emissions Engine

Study Finds Controlling Soot May Be Fastest Method to Reduce Arctic Ice Loss and Global Warming; Second-Leading Cause of Global Warming After CO2

Green Car Congress

JULY 29, 2010

Controlling soot from fossil fuels and solid biofuels may be a faster method of reducing Arctic ice loss and global warming than other options, including controlling CH 4 or CO 2 , although all controls are needed, according to a new study by Dr. Mark Z. The study will be published this week in Journal of Geophysical Research (Atmospheres).

Global

Global Ozone CO2 Pollution

CRC ACES Phase 2 report finds emissions from modern heavy-duty diesels well below required levels

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 4, 2013

The study, the Phase 2 Report of the comprehensive Advanced Collaborative Emissions Study (ACES). The study, the Phase 2 Report of the comprehensive Advanced Collaborative Emissions Study (ACES). The Phase 2 ACES study was conducted by the Southwest Research Institute in San Antonio, Texas, under the oversight of the CRC.

Diesel

Diesel Emissions 2004 San Antonio

GISS study finds applying stricter non-CO2 vehicle emission standards worldwide would yield climate benefits in addition to major health and agricultural benefits

Green Car Congress

APRIL 4, 2011

million metric tons of avoided ozone-related yield losses of major food crops; $US0.6-2.4 While reductions in particulate matter tend to produce local health benefits, the scientists found health and agricultural benefits from reduced ozone disperse more widely. trillion avoided health damage and $US1.1-4.3 Shindell et al.’s

Climate

Climate Standards Emissions Climate Change

The importance of considering non-exhaust traffic emissions; the role of EVs

Green Car Congress

MAY 2, 2016

the criteria pollutants and CO 2 that emerge with the exhaust from the tailpipe. However, there is more than 15 years of research showing that the contribution of non-exhaust primary particles to the total traffic generated primary particles is significant in urban areas. Further, a 2013 review by Denier van der Gon et al. Background.

Exhaust

Exhaust Emissions Belgium Gasoline-Electric

Study finds fleet switch from PFI to GDI engines will result in net reduction in global warming

Green Car Congress

MAY 12, 2017

A new study quantifying emissions from a fleet of gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines and port fuel injection (PFI) engines finds that the measured decrease in CO 2 emissions from GDIs is much greater than the potential climate forcing associated with higher black carbon emissions from GDI engines. —Saliba et al. of the data.

Fleet

Fleet Engine Fuel Economy Global

CARB releases results of multi-year E15 study; multiple air quality benefits with slight reduction in fuel economy

Green Car Congress

JULY 18, 2022

The California Air Resources Board (CARB) has released the results of a multiyear study evaluating exhaust emissions from the use of California Reformulated Gasoline (CaRFG) that contains 15 volume percent ethanol (E15). The study used two fuels—an E10 and E15.

Fuel Economy

Fuel Economy Economy Fuel Ozone

Imaging study: air pollution impairs function of blood vessels in lungs

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 10, 2016

Air pollution impairs the function of blood vessels in the lungs, according to a study of more than 16,000 patients presented at EuroEcho-Imaging 2016. The study examined the effect of air pollution on pulmonary haemodynamics (blood flow) in a population and in individuals. The population study showed a negative effect of PM 10 , PM 2.5

Pollution

Pollution 2016 Exhaust Ozone

Reduction in diesel carbonyl emissions using F-T fuel from coal

Green Car Congress

MAY 29, 2014

Other research has shown that carbonyls directly influence physiological response to diesel exhaust particles and can also contribute to secondary organic aerosol formation. In the Tianjin study, they team fueled a four-cylinder light-duty diesel engine fueled with CFT and DF, identifying 13 individual carbonyl compounds in the exhaust.

Coal

Coal Diesel Emissions Fuel

Study finds climate impact of long distance trip can vary by factor of 10 depending upon mode, efficiency and occupancy

Green Car Congress

JUNE 27, 2013

Among the findings of the study, published in the ACS journal Environmental Science & Technology , is that a car’s fuel efficiency and occupancy are central to whether the impact from a trip is as high as from air travel or as low as from train travel. In their study, Borken-Kleefeld et al. shorter-lived climate forcers (SLCFs).

Climate

Climate Diesel Emissions Climate Change

Study finds air quality models significantly underestimate traffic as source of NOx in Europe

Green Car Congress

JUNE 1, 2017

Traffic contributes more to NO x emissions in Europe than previously thought, according to a new study by a team at the University of Innsbruck. A large number of new studies have recently been published suggesting that emission levels from test stands have to be adjusted upwards. —Karl et al.

Europe

Europe Diesel Emissions Pollution

Report argues advanced HD natural gas vehicles foundational for California to hit air and climate goals; near zero-emission potential

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 28, 2014

Compared to the 2010 “Business as Usual” scenario—which includes all adopted emission control measures for the South Coast—NO x levels must be reduced by 65% and by 75% to meet the 2023 and 2032 ozone standards, respectively. All totaled, engine heat accounts for 26% of the fuel consumed, and exhaust heat accounts for another 24%.

Gas

Gas Climate Emissions California

Harvard team finds that the phase of atmospheric secondary organic material affects chemical aging; may require revision of regional and global climate models

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 17, 2012

In a liquid phase, the organic materials would absorb other compounds such as ammonia or ozone very easily and then progress through a series of chemical changes (known as chemical aging) to form particles that reflect or absorb sunlight, or form clouds. The two particles chosen for this study, ?-pinene —Kuwata Mikinori.

Climate

Climate Global Ozone Water

PNNL team finds correlation between reaction mechanism for zeolite SCR catalyst for NOx aftertreatment and bacterial enzyme catalysis

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 11, 2013

Combined FTIR and NMR studies revealed the presence of a side-on nitrosyl species in the zeolite Cu-SSZ-13. The identification of this intermediate led to the proposal of a reaction mechanism that is fully consistent with the results of both kinetic and spectroscopic studies. —Kwak et al. —János Szanyi. Feng Gao et al.

Li-ion

Li-ion Diesel 2013 Water

CRC Releases Summary of Status of 8 Projects Investigating Effects of Mid-Level Ethanol Blends on Non-FFV Highway Vehicles

Green Car Congress

MAY 6, 2010

CRC E-87) A study by Orbital in Australia has documented the issue of accelerated catalyst aging with intermediate ethanol blends. A-67 (Estimating Ozone from Fuel Reformulation) and A-73 (Emissions Modeling and Air Quality Modeling) are the two CRC programs that will address this subject. Catalyst durability and degradation.

Vehicles

Vehicles Emissions 2010 Ozone

Perspective: US Needs to Transition to Hydrous Ethanol as the Primary Renewable Transportation Fuel

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 30, 2009

80.27, “high ozone season” means the period from June 1 to September 15 of any calendar year and “regulatory control period” means the period from May 1 to September 15 of any calendar year. The result is more efficient combustion, cooler running engines, lower exhaust temperatures, and increased longevity of engine life. 40 CFR § 80.27

Transportation

Transportation Fuel Renewable Gasoline-Electric

Climate Expert: Don't Call It Geoengineering

Cars That Think

NOVEMBER 16, 2021

Everyone solemnly agreed, again, to follow the science, which has shown in exhaustive detail that humanity will suffer from heat, fire, floods, and droughts if the world warms beyond 1.5° C above pre-industrial levels. Yet if countries continue on their present course, the world will likely have warmed by 2.7°

Climate

Climate Climate Change Mariner Pollution

National Academies release third review of the 21st Century Truck Partnership

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 14, 2015

California’s and, potentially, EPA’s move toward further heavy-duty NO x reductions to meet National Ambient Air Quality Standards for ozone will be critical. Studies, some of which are under way that contribute to this objective, should strive to answer questions such as what fuel properties (e.g.,

MPG

MPG Fuel 2009 Miles

HEI launches two new non-tailpipe particulate emission studies

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 8, 2023

The Health Effects Institute (HEI) has launched two new studies funded under RFA 21-1, Quantifying Real-World Impacts of Non-Tailpipe Particulate Matter Emissions. The new studies are: Improved Characterization of the Real-World Contributions and Impacts of Non-tailpipe Particulate Matter Emissions ,” led by Greg Evans, University of Toronto.

Emissions

Emissions Pollution Exhaust London

Study estimates ~4M children worldwide develop asthma each year because of NO2 air pollution

Green Car Congress

APRIL 11, 2019

About 4 million children worldwide develop asthma each year because of inhaling nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) air pollution, according to an open-access study published in The Lancet Planetary Health by researchers at the George Washington University Milken Institute School of Public Health (Milken Institute SPH).

Pollution

Pollution United Arab Emirates South Korea Las Vegas

Study links ambient PM2.5 and ozone specifically caused by vehicle exhaust emissions to ~361,000 premature deaths worldwide in 2010 and ~385,000 in 2015

Green Car Congress

MARCH 1, 2019

A new study provides the most detailed picture available to date of the global, regional, and local health impacts attributable to emissions from four transportation subsectors: on-road diesel vehicles; other on-road vehicles; shipping; and non-road mobile engines such as agricultural and construction equipment. Source: The ICCT.

Ozone

Ozone 2015 2010 Exhaust

ICCT finds growth in shipping in Arctic could increase pollutant emissions 150-600% by 2025 with current fuels

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 5, 2015

That study provided estimates of vessel traffic (numbers of vessels and transits) based on modeling of current vessel activity patterns, growth potential, and vessel projection scenarios, including diversion from other routes, and oil and gas development. more stringent requirements applicable to ships in Emission Control Areas (ECA).

Pollution

Pollution Emissions Fuel Mariner

EV Driven

CICERO-led study finds global warming effect of leaked hydrogen almost 12x stronger than CO2

Japan, China researchers develop plasma-assisted MnO2 filter that produces zero-NO2, -SO2 diesel exhaust

Study links air pollution to increased emergency department visits for heart and lung disease

MIT study says combustion emissions cause ~200,000 premature deaths/year in US; vehicles and power generation top sources

China study connects ozone pollution to cardiovascular health

Reducing Black Carbon Emissions and Ground-Level Ozone Would Provide Immediate Benefit Against Climate Change

Study Finds Ozone Concentrations at Current Clean Air Standards Levels Can Impair Even Healthy Lungs

Study finds propane school buses significantly decrease NOx emissions compared to diesel

Berkeley study identifies diesel as main source of vehicular secondary organic aerosols

Study: curbing diesel emissions could reduce mortality rates in big cities

Ford researchers report detailed study of the effect of different ethanol blend levels on emissions from FFVs

HEI study finds London Congestion Charging Scheme shows little evidence of improving air quality

Study provides more insight into air pollution mechanisms that cause cardiovascular diseases

HEI ACES study of lifetime animal exposure to New Technology Diesel Engine exhaust finds no lung cancer

Comparative study finds that B20 increases emission rates of a number of pollutants in both light- and medium-duty diesel engines at idle

Study Finds Controlling Soot May Be Fastest Method to Reduce Arctic Ice Loss and Global Warming; Second-Leading Cause of Global Warming After CO2

CRC ACES Phase 2 report finds emissions from modern heavy-duty diesels well below required levels

GISS study finds applying stricter non-CO2 vehicle emission standards worldwide would yield climate benefits in addition to major health and agricultural benefits

The importance of considering non-exhaust traffic emissions; the role of EVs

Study finds fleet switch from PFI to GDI engines will result in net reduction in global warming

CARB releases results of multi-year E15 study; multiple air quality benefits with slight reduction in fuel economy

Imaging study: air pollution impairs function of blood vessels in lungs

Reduction in diesel carbonyl emissions using F-T fuel from coal

Study finds climate impact of long distance trip can vary by factor of 10 depending upon mode, efficiency and occupancy

Study finds air quality models significantly underestimate traffic as source of NOx in Europe

Report argues advanced HD natural gas vehicles foundational for California to hit air and climate goals; near zero-emission potential

Harvard team finds that the phase of atmospheric secondary organic material affects chemical aging; may require revision of regional and global climate models

PNNL team finds correlation between reaction mechanism for zeolite SCR catalyst for NOx aftertreatment and bacterial enzyme catalysis

CRC Releases Summary of Status of 8 Projects Investigating Effects of Mid-Level Ethanol Blends on Non-FFV Highway Vehicles

Perspective: US Needs to Transition to Hydrous Ethanol as the Primary Renewable Transportation Fuel

Climate Expert: Don't Call It Geoengineering

National Academies release third review of the 21st Century Truck Partnership

HEI launches two new non-tailpipe particulate emission studies

Study estimates ~4M children worldwide develop asthma each year because of NO2 air pollution

Study links ambient PM2.5 and ozone specifically caused by vehicle exhaust emissions to ~361,000 premature deaths worldwide in 2010 and ~385,000 in 2015

ICCT finds growth in shipping in Arctic could increase pollutant emissions 150-600% by 2025 with current fuels

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