Green Car Congress

JUNE 8, 2023

A fleet average nonfuel nonexhaust VOC emission factor of 58 ± 39 mg veh –1 km –1 was calculated for the missing source, which is greater than the total of all VOCs emitted from vehicle exhausts and their associated evaporative fuel losses. While some VOCs are released in exhaust, others may arise from an unexpected source—e.g.,

Emissions 397

Emissions Exhaust Cars Ozone 397

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 3, 2011

The US Environmental Protection Agency announced that it is proposing to find that the San Joaquin Valley, and California’s South Coast and the Southeast Desert have failed to meet the 1-hour ozone standard by their required deadlines. Children and the elderly are most impacted by ozone pollution. NO x and VOCs are ozone precursors.

Ozone 186

Ozone EPA Standards Pollution 186

Green Car Congress

JULY 13, 2011

(Japan) report in the journal Angewandte Chemie the development of a mesoporous two-line ferrihydrite (2LFh)—ferrihydrite is a widespread mineral composed of iron, oxygen, and water—that could lead to a new generation of ozone filters in electrostatic devices and aircraft applications. removal; it showed about 95 % O 3.

Ozone 218

Ozone Toyota Pollution Suzuki 218

Green Car Congress

MAY 2, 2016

the criteria pollutants and CO 2 that emerge with the exhaust from the tailpipe. However, there is more than 15 years of research showing that the contribution of non-exhaust primary particles to the total traffic generated primary particles is significant in urban areas. Further, a 2013 review by Denier van der Gon et al. Background.

Exhaust 150

Exhaust Emissions Belgium Gasoline-Electric 150

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 9, 2011

US EPA Region 9 8-hour ozone trends, 1979-2000. These State Implementation Plans (SIPs) are the roadmaps to meeting the 1997 8-hour ozone National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) of 0.08 In 1997, EPA first established the 8-hour ozone standard, which replaced the older 1-hour ozone standard (0.12 Source: EPA.

Ozone 236

Ozone EPA Pollution 2002 236

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 21, 2009

Reducing emissions of black carbon soot and ground-level ozone would quickly make a considerable dent in the climate change problem and would also contribute to public health and protect crop yields, according to an essay in the September/October issue of Foreign Affairs. Besides a danger to breathe, ozone lowers crop yields.

Climate Change 262

Climate Change Ozone Climate Carbon 262

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 8, 2023

Emissions from automobile exhaust systems have decreased in recent years due to the introduction of cleaner fuels and new control technologies on internal combustion engines, as well as increases in numbers of hybrid and electric vehicles.

Emissions 353

Emissions Pollution Exhaust London 353

Green Car Congress

JULY 25, 2009

Exposure to ozone at levels currently deemed safe by the NAAQS clean air standards can have a significant and negative effect on lung function, according to researchers at the University of California, Davis. The previous primary and secondary standards were identical 8-hour standards, set at 0.08 Earlier post.).

Ozone 186

Ozone Standards Clean Cleaning 186

Green Car Congress

JULY 18, 2022

The California Air Resources Board (CARB) has released the results of a multiyear study evaluating exhaust emissions from the use of California Reformulated Gasoline (CaRFG) that contains 15 volume percent ethanol (E15). California currently limits the ethanol content of gasoline to 10 percent. The study used two fuels—an E10 and E15.

Fuel Economy 186

Fuel Economy Economy Fuel Ozone 186

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 11, 2018

They found that exposure to pollutants such as ground-level ozone and nitrogen oxides, which are created from burning fossil fuels, led to increased ED visits. ozone and sulfate) origin and cardiorespiratory emergency department (ED) visits for 8 specific outcomes in five U.S. nitrogen oxides) and secondary (e.g. —Krall et al.

Pollution 353

Pollution St. Louis Dallas Atlanta 353

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 27, 2015

The first study to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of lifetime exposure to new technology diesel exhaust (NTDE)—i.e., exhaust from heavy-duty diesel engines meeting EPA 2007 and later emissions requirements—has found no evidence of carcinogenic lung tumors. Earlier post.) Advanced Collaborative Emissions Study (ACES).

Exhaust 150

Exhaust Diesel Engine 2007 150

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 24, 2018

course, fine, ultrafine particles) and gaseous pollutants such as ozone, on vascular function. Key research questions focused on components of air pollution (particulate matter, ozone, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, and sulfur dioxide) that are particularly damaging to the cardiovascular system and mechanisms that damage the vessels.

Pollution 220

Pollution Insight Ozone Cleveland 220

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 5, 2019

Researchers installed a portable emissions measurement system to measure exhaust emissions on each vehicle and performed test runs on each bus with both cold and hot starts, for a total of 36 test routes. These findings are significant due to the fact that NO x and ozone are major non-attainment concerns for many areas across the nation.

West Virginia 312

West Virginia Diesel Emissions Virginia 312

Green Car Congress

JULY 24, 2020

The rail sector is the only transportation modality without significant emissions related development that is feasible in the near-term to eliminate ozone, smog and GHG emissions, OptiFuel says. g/bhp-hr of NOx, a reduction of 400 times. More than 122 million people (nearly 40% of the U.S. In 2018, Class I, II, and III railroads purchased 4.7

Grant 243

Grant Hybrid Ozone EPA 243

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 20, 2021

TPS technology has other applications as well, such as emissions reduction from diesel engines and commercial kitchen exhaust systems, plasma treatment of surfaces for cleaning, as well as ozone generation. —Dan Singleton, CEO and co-founder of Transient Plasma Systems. hp diesel engine.

Commercial 243

Commercial Los Angeles Exhaust Ozone 243

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 29, 2013

1,000 to 21,000) deaths due to changes in ozone concentrations. 900 to 11,000) ozone-related early deaths per year. 300 to 4,000) ozone-related premature mortalities per year. 2000 (90% CI: 0–4,000) early deaths from ozone, according to the study. 53,000 (90% CI: 24,000–95,000) PM 2.5 related premature deaths and ?5,000

MIT 378

MIT Emissions Ozone Power 378

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 2, 2014

Through a series of innovative experiments he demonstrated that most of California’s smog is the result of motor vehicle exhaust and industrial smokestack pollution reacting with sunlight to create ground-level ozone.

2014 231

2014 Clean Cleaning Ozone 231

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 1, 2019

Freight transportation is a pillar of the US national economy, but while long-haul trucks account for less than 6% of the vehicle miles traveled over US highways, they account for about 40% of the emissions of air polluting particulate matter and about 55% of nitrogen oxides, the precursor to ozone in the atmosphere, the study said.

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Emissions Diesel Ozone United States 286

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 15, 2021

At cruising altitude, airplanes emit a steady stream of NO x into the atmosphere, where the chemicals can linger to produce ozone and fine particulates. Previous research has shown that the generation of these chemicals due to global aviation results in 16,000 premature deaths each year. increase in block fuel burn.

MIT 268

MIT Emissions Hybrid Gas-Electric 268

Green Car Congress

MAY 29, 2014

Other research has shown that carbonyls directly influence physiological response to diesel exhaust particles and can also contribute to secondary organic aerosol formation. In the Tianjin study, they team fueled a four-cylinder light-duty diesel engine fueled with CFT and DF, identifying 13 individual carbonyl compounds in the exhaust.

Coal 210

Coal Diesel Emissions Fuel 210

Green Car Congress

MAY 8, 2015

Short-lived climate pollutants (SLCPs) include methane, tropospheric ozone, black carbon, and fluorinated gases. The concepts included in this discussion draft do not represent commitments at this time, nor do they comprise an exhaustive list of elements or considerations that may be included in the Strategy or shape its development.

Pollution 150

Pollution Climate Concept California 150

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 15, 2014

Evaporative emissions are measured in a “SHED” (Sealed Housing for Evaporative Determination) test, which is a drive-in chamber built for the purpose of testing the fuel emissions of a vehicle that are not related to engine exhaust. It is also a tamper-proof solution.

Emissions 207

Emissions Fuel Economy Ozone Conversion 207

Green Car Congress

JULY 19, 2013

In California, motor vehicles are the main source of smog-forming pollution and diesel exhaust accounts for 70% of Californians’ daily exposure to air toxics.

Chevron 230

Chevron California San Jose Fuel 230

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 23, 2012

Contribution of gasoline and diesel exhaust to SOA over 0% to 50% diesel fuel use. The study determined that, depending on a region’s fuel use, diesel exhaust is responsible for 65% to 90% of vehicular-derived SOA, with substantial contributions from aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons. Gentner et al. Click to enlarge. Earlier post.).

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Diesel Los Angeles Exhaust Gasoline 281

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 25, 2010

Marine engines are responsible for the emission of many tons of nitrogen oxide (NO x ), an ozone-forming compound, as well as particulate emissions (soot) into the New York airshed. The program will implement emissions control technologies on private ferries operating in New York Harbor.

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Diesel Emissions Clean Cleaning 218

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 23, 2016

These technology examples, along with numerous cost-effective technological advances in exhaust after-treatment technologies, demonstrate that there are feasible approaches where GHG reductions and fuel efficiency do not have to be sacrificed to achieve greater NO x reductions.

EPA 150

EPA Standards Ozone 2000 150

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 4, 2013

To comply with the 2010 NOX limit, on-highway heavy-duty engine manufacturers utilized a urea-based selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst in engine exhaust placed downstream of a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) and a catalyzed diesel particulate filter (DPF) used for particulate matter (PM) emissions control. g/hp-hr in 2010.

Diesel 296

Diesel Emissions 2004 San Antonio 296

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 10, 2016

The volunteers were exposed to ambient air or dilute diesel exhaust with a PM 2.5 and ozone on pulmonary circulation on the same day and over five and ten days. concentration of 300 μg/m 3 for two hours in a randomized, crossover study design. The population study showed a negative effect of PM 10 , PM 2.5

Pollution 150

Pollution 2016 Exhaust Ozone 150

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 20, 2012

They found that the level of emissions of regulated and unregulated pollutants in diesel exhaust depends on fuel, load, engine calibration, and exhaust aftertreatment technology. Unregulated pollutants also include ozone precursors and bioaccumulative and toxic compounds. L) and medium-duty (6.4 L/2002 calibration and 6.4

Pollution 231

Pollution Diesel Emissions Engine 231

Green Car Congress

MAY 20, 2010

Approximately $28 million is available through the program to fund truck replacements or exhaust retrofits statewide. Previously, only trucks with 1993 and older engines were eligible; and, New funding option of up to $10,000 per truck for an exhaust retrofit.

California 186

California Diesel Emissions Cleaner 186

Green Car Congress

MAY 12, 2017

We estimate ozone and SOA formation potential. Therefore, the secondary organic aerosol and ozone formation potential of the exhaust does not depend on engine technology. Measurements include gas- and particle-phase emissions, particle number, particle size distributions, and speciated NMOG emissions. —Saliba et al.

Fleet 207

Fleet Engine Fuel Economy Global 207

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 28, 2014

Compared to the 2010 “Business as Usual” scenario—which includes all adopted emission control measures for the South Coast—NO x levels must be reduced by 65% and by 75% to meet the 2023 and 2032 ozone standards, respectively. All totaled, engine heat accounts for 26% of the fuel consumed, and exhaust heat accounts for another 24%.

Gas 257

Gas Climate Emissions California 257

Green Car Congress

JUNE 26, 2015

Haagen-Smit’s breakthrough research, which became the foundation upon which today’s air pollution standards are based, concluded that most of California’s smog is the result of photochemistry—the reaction of sunlight with industrial and motor vehicle exhaust to create ozone.

Climate Change 150

Climate Change Pollution Climate Ozone 150

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 23, 2013

The chemistry of a fuel impacts the emissions from an engine, with the most obvious example being unburned or partially burned fuel which is a major component of engine exhaust. Engine-out exhaust contains typically 1?3% via the unburned or partially burned fuel which is a major component of engine exhaust. —Hubbard et al.

Emissions 294

Emissions Ford Exhaust Engine 294

Green Car Congress

APRIL 11, 2019

NO 2 is just one component of air pollution, which is made up of many pollutants (including particulate matter, ozone, carbon monoxide), which are known to have numerous adverse effects on health. NO 2 is a pollutant formed mainly from fossil fuel combustion, and traffic emissions can contribute up to 80% of ambient NO 2 in cities.

Pollution 360

Pollution United Arab Emirates South Korea Las Vegas 360

Green Car Congress

MARCH 18, 2010

Cars and trucks account for over half of the emissions that contribute to ozone and particulate matter as well as about 30% of the total greenhouse gas emissions in California.

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Plug-in California Emissions Plug 225

Green Car Congress

JUNE 1, 2017

Exhaust from modern gasoline powered engines, despite higher ignition temperatures than those powered by diesel, can be effectively treated for NO along with NMVOC (and CO) using a three way catalytic (TWC) converter. 85% is modelled to be emitted by the passenger car fleet based on the COPERT model and TRACCS database. —Karl et al.

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Europe Diesel Emissions Pollution 150