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Exhaust particle size distributions measured by ELPI (color map) and particle concentration measured by CPC (white line) during individual engine braking conditions (speed change from 32 km/h to 0 km/h). The exhaust sample was taken from the exhaust manifold. The exhaust sample was taken from the exhaust manifold.
Before they can be used, however, it is essential to understand their physical properties, combustion chemistry, and characterization of the exhaust due to a number of issues associated with fuel properties—for example, a lower heating value and higher cloud point than regular diesel. Kumar et al.
In cooperation with a major European supplier, a new oil-lubricated common-rail pump had therefore been developed. An electrically driven compressor for precise exhaust gas recirculation is also used. Then we modify the timing and pressure of the injection, among other things, and look at exhaust emission values and fuel consumption.
Researchers from the Center for Energy and Processes (CEP), MINES ParisTec, and Renault are exploring the non-catalytic reforming of diesel fuel with diesel engine exhaust gas (i.e. An alternative to the catalytic exhaust gas reforming of diesel fuel method is presented in this paper and consists of using an NTP torch. trap catalyst.
The cleaner engine is able to deliver ultra-low NO x by managing exhaust gas temperatures to ensure rapid catalyst light-off and by maintaining aftertreatment temperatures at optimum operating conditions in all driving conditions.
Colorado State University has obtained a 5-year, $5-million grant from BP to study mechanisms involved with technology for oil recovery from “watered-out” wells. Typically, wells are abandoned after they are no longer producing oil or gas at a rate that is economically viable. It is very basic research at the simplest chemical level.
20% mineral oils such as extender oils/ softeners. Highly aromatic (HA) oils used as extender oils or softeners in the tire-manufacturing process have concentrations of PAHs ranging between 10 to 30%. Non-exhaust traffic sources of particles. 60% rubber polymers; 20?35% —Sadiktsis et al.
TFSI also uses indirect injection in the part-load range. The Audi valvelift system, which adjusts the lift of the valves in two stages, is active on the exhaust side. One of their primary objectives is to bring the motor oil up to operating temperature as quickly as possible following a cold start. TFSI by around 2.5
It was just another element of our philosophy to not just do the right thing, but make doing the right thing a normal part of doing business. We have noticed that the exhaust appears cleaner and seems less toxic. Western States Oil, headquartered in San Jose, Calif., —Bill Crotinger, president of Argent Materials Inc.<>/div>.
Renault estimates that electric vehicles will account for 10% of the world market by 2020; even given that aggressive forecast for electric vehicle penetration, 9 out of 10 vehicles will still be powered, at least in part, by a combustion engine. Reduced transmission friction thanks to the use of low viscosity oils. Select Engines.
with technologies such as direct fuel injection, variable valve timing, exhaust-driven turbochargers, brake energy regeneration and Auto Start Stop function—about 60% of the generated energy is still lost, half of it being exhaust heat, with the remaining half as heat absorbed by the engine cooling system. Click to enlarge.
Building the family of engines strategy around the Opposed-Piston Engine architecture further allows the US Army to leverage part commonality across the engine architecture platforms for logistics, spare parts, training, and more, further reducing concerns while conducting missions. Earlier post , earlier post.).
The OM 471 engine, presented in 2011 and also part of the portfolio, is already in service on long-haul operations in the new Mercedes-Benz Actros. The engines form part of a modular system with a high degree of shared components. The engines also feature a cooled exhaust gas recirculation system.
division, maker of the Delo brand of heavy duty engine oils, lubricants and coolants, unveiled a new category of heavy duty motor oil designed to address the growth of severe duty applications in on- and off-highway markets. A critical part of this process is to find an engine oil which is not just heavy duty, but severe duty.
The top part of the graphic shows onshore methanol production. The bottom part shows how hydrogen for the engine is obtained from methanol in the reactor (blue arrow). As a result, shipbuilders and operators around the world are seeking environmentally friendly alternatives to conventional ship engines powered by fuel oil or diesel.
The drive was part of a Bosch Diesel Challenge; the 500L features a Bosch common rail system. Fitted with a small fixed-geometry turbocharger, a variable-displacement oil pump and smart charge alternator, the 105 HP 1.6 The integration of the two components also reduces the weight of the exhaust system and improves global efficiency.
Burned gas is scavenged out through exhaust valves mounted in the cylinder head of the combustion chamber; fresh air is brought in through the scavenging port at the side wall of the cylinder liner. The piston has a hollow structure and moves along a column stay, which in turn enables the construction of a cooling oil passage within the stay.
Both of Cruze’s new engines are part of Chevrolet’s global range of small-displacement engines designed with fuel efficiency in mind, including technology such as full variable valve timing that optimizes performance and fuel economy. The compressor wheel is being driven by hot exhaust gases coming out of the exhaust manifold.
Contribution of gasoline and diesel exhaust to SOA over 0% to 50% diesel fuel use. The study determined that, depending on a region’s fuel use, diesel exhaust is responsible for 65% to 90% of vehicular-derived SOA, with substantial contributions from aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons. Gentner et al. Click to enlarge. Earlier post.).
Ti-VCT provides extremely precise variable—yet independent—control of timing for intake and exhaust valves. Independent adjustment of intake and exhaust valve timing allows maximum fuel economy at part-throttle, while delivering optimized power in full-throttle situations. An element unique to the Mustang GT 5.0-liter
has several new parts, including a new water-cooled variable-geometry turbocharger; a new high-pressure common-rail fuel delivery system; a new Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) system; a new intake manifold; a new cylinder head; a new cylinder block; a new balancer shaft unit; and a new Engine Control Module (ECM). Click to enlarge.
An integrated exhaust manifold that is part of the cylinder head assembly and recovers exhaust heat for faster engine and transmission warmup, with quicker turbo response. The camshaft design alters the lift of the intake and exhaust valves. —Tom Sutter, chief engineer for the 2.7L
Because the exhaust gases form part of the active aerodynamic package, Jaguar has utilized a specialized zirconia-molybdenum coating. This advanced heat-resistant coating is regularly used in Formula One cars and is applied in a plasma spray to the carbon-fiber diffuser to protect it from the exhaust gases.
Increased efficiency in all of the new Ecotec engines is achieved in part through lower engine friction, which was reduced by up to 16% using new technologies such as a variable-displacement oil pump. Modular balance shaft system in the oil pan. Rotocast aluminum cylinder head with sodium-filled exhaust valves.
The new EcoBoost engine also features an exhaust manifold cast into the cylinder head, which lowers the temperature of the exhaust gases and in turn enables the engine to run with the optimum fuel-to-air ratio across a wider rev band. liter EcoBoost package. In the all-new 1.0-liter
Although the EcoTec3 engines for the 2014 Silverado and Sierra are all new—sharing just a handful of small parts with previous engines—they build on a foundation of more than 100 million Small Block engines and billions of real-world customer miles. A structural aluminum oil pan further stiffens the bottom of the block.
This is due to raw, externally premixed fresh charge comprising air, fuel and lube oil being short-circuited into the exhaust during the scavenging process. Even with the move to four-stroke engines, additional complexity will be necessary—possibly exhaust after-treatment—in order to fully meet regulations.
Increased efficiency was the top development priority, achieved in part through lower engine friction. It was reduced by an average of 16% across the entire speed range, using new technologies such as a variable-displacement oil pump and an actively controlled thermostat. In-Pan Oil Pump Assembly. L/100km) highway. Chain drive.
The Coates Spherical Rotary Valve System (CSRV) replaces traditional poppet valves and all their associated parts: springs, guides, seats, retainers, cotters, pushrods, cam followers, camshaft, camshaft bearings. This means the engine oil does not see the hottest parts of the engine—the exhaust poppet valves.
The decision comes as part of Bentley’s acceleration towards a sustainable future through its Beyond100 strategy which will see the company’s entire model line fully electrified by the start of the next decade, reducing fleet average emissions to 0 g/km CO 2. Each system has a dedicated water pump, allowing optimized individual control.
This means that the turbocharger and the exhaust manifold are now positioned at the rear, on the side of the firewall when viewed from behind. Furthermore, the new arrangement allows much improved air ducting with shorter distances and fewer diversions - both on the intake and exhaust side. Turbocharger.
In the Permian Basin, approximately one additional barrel of oil can be recovered for each 6,000 cubic feet (6 Mcf) of compressed CO 2 injected into the oil field. In oil fields such as Whiting’s, the injected CO 2 mixes with the oil that is left behind in the primary oil-well production and the secondary water-injection stage.
Features include the new X-PULSE injection system with pressure booster; an asymmetric exhaust gas turbocharger; emission control with SCR technology, EGR and a particulate filter; and a three-stage exhaust brake. The oil level is checked by a special sensor linked to the engine control unit.
A sole single-stage compressor and single-stage exhaust turbine are used for pressure charging. Unlike previously where two exhaust tailpipes were used, the 2014 regulations mandate the use of a single, central exit tailpipe through which all exhaust gases must pass. This requires thinner, faster flowing oil.
It is very likely that highly efficient “fully flexible” engines with hybridized solutions will be a big part of sought-after efficiency improvements, as well as emission/GHG reductions. Further development of exhaust gas energy recovery systems with turbo-compounding and possibly chemical reforming should be encouraged. Gas exchange.
1 low-range gear ratio is standard on Rubicon models and the Command-Trac part-time two-speed transfer case with a 2.72:1 The exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system design has been updated to a dual loop (low and high pressure) system. The aluminum alloy pistons are cooled on the underside via oil jets. axle ratio.
However, the greatest barrier is not financial, but the physical properties of hydrogen itself which differ substantially from oil and gas. Greek gas transmission system operator DESFA will operate this 163-km pipeline, which is part of the EHB initiative. Switching infrastructure from gas to hydrogen is possible and cost effective.
The first V8 engine on this platform (730 hp, 3500 N·m) was launched in 2010, also equipped with Scania XPI and VGT, but with SCR exhaust aftertreatment like the other Euro 5 V8 engines. Overall vehicle weight is up by up to 200 kg due to the AdBlue system (75-liter tank) and the added complexity of the exhaust system.
To be summarized in Part 2.). The Audi valve lift system (AVS) further increases power, torque and efficiency by switching the stroke of the exhaust valves between two stages depending on the load and rpm. A secondary air system at the cylinder head makes sure that the exhaust gas treatment cuts in particularly quickly.
liter I-4 uses two camshafts: one to open the intake valves and one to open the exhaust valves. Ti-VCT takes this technology and applies it to both the intake and exhaust camshafts of its DOHC design, using electronic solenoid valves to direct high-pressure oil to control vanes in each of the camshaft sprocket housings.
Increased efficiency in the new four-cylinders was achieved partly through lower engine friction, which was reduced by up to 16% using new technologies such as a variable-displacement oil pump and, with the 2.5L, an actively controlled thermostat. Even the oil volume is optimized for minimal weight. Air-to-air intercooling system.
The report, being released as part of the LowCVP Annual Conference 2011 on 9 June, highlights the increasing importance of accounting for whole life carbon emissions to compare the greenhouse gas emissions of low carbon vehicles. This work dispels the myth that low carbon vehicles simply displace emissions from the exhaust to other sources.
as a source for oleaginous microorganisms or enzymes supporting the digestion of raw sugars for the production of oil to be used as feedstock for biodiesel. In a paper in the journal Fuel , they note that the yield of ant oil is 16% dry weight and contains most of the fatty acids also found in other biomass resources. Bowling, James B.
liter four-cylinder with about 25% fewer moving parts. A computer-controlled variable oil pump. A timing belt-in-oil for the primary cam drive system produces less noise (being sealed), and is maintenance-free. An integrated exhaust manifold on the engine supports a wider rpm range with the optimum fuel to air ratio.
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