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In a statement released this morning, President Barack Obama said he has requested that US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Administrator Lisa Jackson withdraw the agency’s draft Ozone National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) rulemaking. Earlier post.) National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS).
have developed a simulator able to predict tropospheric ozone concentrations across the whole of South and East Asia. Tropospheric ozone is the main cause of photochemical smog, an atmospheric pollutant harmful to human health and plant growth. Toyota Motor Corporation (TMC) and Toyota Central R&D Labs.,
Black carbon and tropospheric ozone are harmful air pollutants that also contribute to climate change. Reducing black carbon and tropospheric ozone now will slow the rate of climate change within the first half of this century, the study said. °C (within a likely range of 0.2-0.7
Denver represents an interesting case study for exploring potential PHEV impacts because it violates the federal air quality standard for ozone and because several large EGUs [electricity generating units] are located in or near the urbanized area. Ozone concentration increases were modeled for small areas near central Denver.
The study was published in the journal Atmospheric Environment. Net warming from NO x emissions is a sum over warming (short-term ozone increase) and cooling (decreases in methane and stratospheric water vapor, and a long-term decrease in ozone) terms. Aviation accounts for 3.5% The mean contrail cirrus ERF/RF ratio of 0.42
The stability of metabolized TWP-derived compounds with largely unknown toxicities is particularly concerning and is an important new aspect for the impact assessment of TWP in the environment, they concluded. million tons per year. These include vulcanization accelerators, activators, plasticizers, processing aids, and antioxidants.
The system will graph lifecycle impact for a range of specified powertrains, for a large number of impact categories: Climate change [kg CO 2 -eq.]. Deterioration of the ozone layer [kg CFC-11-eq.]. Eutrophication of non-marine aquatic environments [kg N-eq.]. Eutrophication of non-marine aquatic environments [kg N-eq.].
The decrease in CO 2 equivalent emissions of ODSs (ozone-depleting substances: CFCs, halons, HCFCs, and others) may be offset by the projected increase in their non-ozone depleting substitutes (HFCs) (lines designated as HFC scenarios). Climate and the Ozone Layer. Source: UNEP. Click to enlarge.
The global warming potentials (GWP) of HFCs range from 140 (HFC-152a) to 11,700 (HFC-23), according to the US EPA. India’s Minister of Environment, Jairam Ramesh, hosted US Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Environment, Daniel A. The Joint Task Force will submit its report by 1 August 2011.
The European Community’s air pollutant emission inventory report released by the European Environment Agency finds that in 2007, sulphur oxides (SO x ) emissions were down by 72 % from 1990 levels. The largest Member States are generally responsible for the most air pollution.
Both studies indicate a qualitatively similar response of a reduction in radiative forcing or an increase in total outgoing radiation for an increase in urban albedo and the values indicate an approximate range in potential emitted CO2 offset that may be expected if urban albedos were increased. —Menon et al.
When ethane and propane—the most abundant non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC) in the atmosphere—mix with nitrogen oxides from vehicles and power plants they form tropospheric ozone—a key component of smog and directly linked to increases in mortality. —Professor Ally Lewis, a co-author of the study.
While coal use causes warming through emission of heat-trapping carbon dioxide, it also releases comparatively large amounts of sulfates and other particles that, although detrimental to the environment, cool the planet by blocking incoming sunlight. Methane is an especially potent greenhouse gas. degree Fahrenheit (less than 0.1
The report released by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), entitled Climate Change Science Compendium 2009 , highlights new research that identifies some events thought likely to occur in longer-term time horizons as already happening or set to happen far sooner than had previously been thought. Earlier post.). Ecosystems.
The transport and transformation of plumes from selected European and Asian major population centers (MPCs) will now be investigated with special focus on the rate of formation of ozone and aerosols. A total of approximately 100 flight hours are planned for the measurement flights in the emission plumes of Asian cities, said John P.
CleanZone is an approach to controlling interior air quality and providing a better driving environment through innovative solutions for enhanced wellbeing and health. Ground-level ozone. Volvo is introducing a larger, more efficient multi-filter in its cabins as part of its CleanZone initiative. Hydrocarbons.
It assessed three currently manufactured Li-ion battery technologies for EVs and two for a PHEV with a 40-mile all-electric range: lithium-manganese oxide (LiMnO 2 ); lithium-nickel-cobalt-manganese-oxide (LiNi 0.4 2 Occupational cancer hazard impact was scaled to 50% in this figure because of the wide range across stages.
positive or negative—and magnitude of net climate forcing from BC emissions), currently available scientific and technical information provides a strong foundation for making mitigation decisions to achieve lasting benefits for public health, the environment, and climate. Earlier post.). Source: EPA. Based on a limited number of.
Here, RME show advantages for primary energy and GHG, but disadvantages in terms of acidification, eutrophication and ozone depletion. Life-cycle assessments (LCA) of biofuels show a wide range of net greenhouse gas savings compared to fossil fuels. Source: “Assessing Biofuels”. Click to enlarge.
These vessels provide a range of essential services in waterborne commerce including towing, harbor navigation, docking, supply and rescue, and recovery. The incentive funds give boat operators a brand new, more efficient, fuel-saving and lower-emitting engine at a fraction the cost.
Respectively, Title IV of the 1990 Clean Air Act and the Ozone Transport Commission/NO x Budget Program.). Policymakers rarely see with perfect foresight what the appropriate emissions targets are to protect the public health and environment—the history is that these targets usually need to get stricter.
Awards are expected to be in the range of $300,000 to $1,000,000 per year. NSF anticipates funding of $35,000,000 to $39,000,000 in FY 2012 and FY 2013, pending availability of funds, to be awarded to an estimated 7 to 12 projects.
A polynomial chaos expansion and the probabilistic collocation method have been used to develop the metamodel, and its coefficients, so that it is applicable under a broad range of present-day and future conditions. —Cohen and Prinn. Cohen and Prinn used meteorological and emissions data from 16 representative urban areas.
Ranges in passenger occupancy can easily change the relative performance of modes, with large aircraft performing better than light rail in some of the areas investigated. Inventorying criteria air pollutants showed that vehicle non-operational components often dominate total emissions. and 800 times larger than vehicle operation.
The situation is exacerbated by the physical proximity of a wide range of hazardous material sources—including an ammonia tank and fuel farms—to population centers, and by topographic and climatic conditions that aggravate air pollutant dispersion. Air pollution, Haifa. Photo: Ilan Malester. Source: MoEP. Click to enlarge.
Isoprene, a five-carbon diene formed naturally in plants and animals and a precursor of ozone, contributes more than 40% of these emissions. The scientists pointed out that converting the epoxides to aerosol is likely to be higher in polluted environments, because the aerosols’ acidity is generally higher when human activity is present.
In addition, other studies have shown that increases in PM 2.5 , NO 2 , and ozone were associated with lower test scores that were “equivalent to the effects of short-term reductions of thousands of dollars in district median household income.”
Take, for example, the tens of thousands of fossil-fueled ships that chug across the ocean, spewing plumes of pollutants that contribute to acid rain, ozone depletion, respiratory ailments, and global warming. Effervescent nozzles are used in a range of applications, including engines, gas turbines, and spray coatings.
In 2004, the Centralina region (the Greater Charlotte metro area, which straddles the North CarolinaSouth Carolina border) was designated as a non-attainment area for ozone under the Clean Air Act. They will offer much greater range and will be refueled as quickly as vehicles that run on petroleum products.
The current internal combustion engined cars impact the environment, and EVs are the solution to reducing these emissions. EVs don’t emit any harmful pollutants to the environment like soot, hydrocarbons, lead, ozone, carbon monoxide, or volatile organic compounds. Why purchase an EV. Charging your EV. Final take.
What I do know, is how fossil fuel vehicles have contributed heavily to poor air quality in our towns and cities, damage to the environment, soil and water quality and have contributed to the depletion of the ozone layer! On a serious note, I wanted something spacious, safe, fast and better for the environment.
Ozone pollution across the continental United States will become far more difficult to keep in check as temperatures rise, according to new work led by the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR). The RCPs were chosen to represent a broad range of climate outcomes, based on a literature review. Ozone formation.
The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) will reconsider the 2008 primary and secondary ozone standards. In 2008, EPA established a new primary 8-hour standard for ozone of 0.075 parts per million (ppm), and a new secondary standard set at a form and level identical to the new primary standard. ppm standard, due to rounding.
Fast action on pollutants such as black carbon, ground-level ozone and methane may help limit near term global temperature rise and significantly increase the chances of keeping temperature rise below 2 °C (3.6 °F)—and The climate change benefit is estimated for a given year (2050) and human health and crop benefits are.
Counties projected to violate proposed Primary 8-hour Ground-Level Ozone Standards in 2020. The United States Environmental Protection Agency has proposed the strictest standards to date for ground-level ozone. EPA is also proposing to set a separate “secondary” standard to protect the environment within the range of 7-15 ppm-hours.
Daily exposure to ground level ozone in cities worldwide is associated with an increased risk of death, according to the largest study of its kind, published in an open-access paper in The BMJ. Ground level ozone is a highly reactive gas commonly found in urban and suburban environments, formed when pollutants react in sunlight.
Air pollution—specifically PM 2.5 , ozone and NO 2 —could be to blame for up to 33 million emergency asthma attack visits to hospital a year, according to a new open-access study published in the journal Environmental Health Perspectives. 37% and 73% of ozone and PM 2.5 37% and 73% of ozone and PM 2.5
Ground sites maintained by the Maryland Department of the Environment form the backbone of the surface network. Both aircraft will measure ozone and a mixture of soot and PM. Other instruments on the P-3B will measure pollutants that lead to the formation of ozone such as nitrogen dioxide and formaldehyde.
This EV drayage pilot gives HP the ability to leverage electric trucks—which currently have a driving range best suited for drayage operations—in a meaningful way within its supply chain, seamlessly complementing the efficiencies provided by Embark-equipped autonomous trucks, which are 10% more fuel efficient than human-operated trucks.
A new report prepared by the World Bank at the request of the G8 identifies ways that the World Bank can do more through its projects to reduce the emission of short-lived climate pollutants (SLCPs): black carbon, methane, tropospheric ozone, and fluorinated gases known as HFCs. —Akbar et al.
The research was a collaboration between MIT’s Laboratory for Aviation and the Environment and the MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change. a, Source–receptor matrix showing total early deaths per year for 48 × 48 states (right), and its breakdown into PM 2.5 - and ozone-attributable impacts (left). and/or ozone.
The SCOPE (Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment) International Biofuels Project, has published the full proceedings of its Rapid Assessment workshop on the environmental effects of biofuel technologies, 22-25 September 2008. Rapid assessment on biofuels and environment: overview and key findings. Martinelli, O.
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