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Stanford study quantifies energetic costs of grid-scale energy storage over time; current batteries the worst performers; the need to improve cycle life by 3-10x

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Benson from Stanford University and Stanford’s Global Climate and Energy Project (GCEP) has quantified the energetic costs of 7 different grid-scale energy storage technologies over time. Lead-acid batteries had an ESOI value of 2, the lowest in the study. Energy Environ. Credit: Barnhart and Benson, 2013.

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GAO: US government obligated $1.3+ billion in 39 battery and energy storage initiatives from FY 2009-2012; fragmented but not duplicative

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Several types of recipients were eligible for funding, such as private industry, universities, and federal labs, through contracts, grants, and other mechanisms. Advanced lead-acid batteries. Sodium batteries. These initiatives, which obligated more than $1.3 through 2012. Number of initiatives. Li-ion batteries.