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The team studied trends in air pollution in Africa to determine impacts on human health and economic development in 54 African countries. In addition to the toll on human health, air pollution imposes economic costs, the study found. Air pollution was responsible for 1.1 billion IQ points across the continent.
Batteries currently comprise about 7% of nickel demand, but this could increase to one-third of nickel consumption by 2040, which could create a disruptive supply chain environment for the US, according to the report. This surge occurred mostly in China, driven by steel manufacturing. Global Nickel Trade and Chinese Dominance.
However, a new study by researchers at the University of Gothenburg (Sweden) finds that middle- and high-income earners are generally affected the most by gasoline taxes, especially in poor countries, rather than poor people. it hits poor people the hardest. —Thomas Sterner. Edited By Thomas Sterner.
A case study of the impact of a driving restriction policy implemented in Beijing prior to the 2008 Olympics found short-term benefits, but also a pattern of rule-breaking and loss of those benefits over time, as residents adapted by changing travel times; buying a second car with a different license plate; or simply violating the rules.
CO 2 emissions from transportation sector by scenario in the study. Direct transportation (fuel) taxes generate the greatest reductions in CO 2 emission from transportation, achieving CO 2 emissions at 86% of 2005 levels by about 2025. Source: Morrow et al. Click to enlarge. —Morrow et al.
users pay for the construction and maintenance of roads via a federal fueltax. Revenues from the tax go into the federal Highway Trust Fund, which is independent of the General Fund; every five years or so Congress passes an authorization bill to allocate these revenues. —Huang et al.
fueltaxes increased between 2012 and 2015 in some large countries, and first steps towards removing lower tax rates on diesel compared to gasoline are taken, but apart from that there are no signs that the polluter pays principle determines the energy tax landscape more strongly in 2015 than in 2012.
A second study led by UC Santa Barbara was released simultaneously. The state funded the two studies through the 2019 Budget Act. The studies are designed to identify paths to slash transportation-related fossil fuel demand and emissions while also managing a strategic, responsible decline in transportation-related fossil fuel supply.
Such a system will not only help people understand the combined economics better but provide a very clear price incentive for fuel economy and for PEVs, and may be more publicly acceptable (even popular, as feebates already have proven to be in some countries). —GFEI working paper. per liter ($0.26/gallon
A new study by the French institute Enerdata, commissioned by the European Federation for Transport & Environment (T&E), suggests that the European CO 2 standards for new vehicles due to come into effect in 2012 will lead not only to a European savings on oil (mainly via lower oil import volumes) but also to slightly lower global oil prices.
CO 2 emissions from private jets in Europe increased by nearly a third (31%) between 2005 and 2019, rising faster than commercial aviation emissions, according to a new report from environmental campaign group Transport & Environment (T&E). The study highlights the continued use of private jets last year despite the pandemic.
A more effective policy would rely on specific taxes and subsidies targeted directly at achieving specific environmental, energy and agricultural policy goals, according to the study. Other findings from the study include: Ethanol policy can have a substantial impact on corn prices.
Most automotive manufacturers say they plan to use renewable energy in the future, but for now, most battery production relies on electric grids largely powered by fossil fuels. Studies conducted in other countries, such as China and Singapore, have arrived at similar results. passenger-vehicle fleet by 2050—some 350 million vehicles.
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