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Although gasoline direct injection engines (GDI) are a favorable technology for reducing fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, recent studies have shown that GDI vehicles could emit more PM than traditional PFI (gasoline port fuel injection) vehicles as well as heavy-duty diesel trucks equipped with diesel particulate filters.
A new study by researchers from Stockholm University concludes that automobile tires may be a potential previously unknown source of carcinogenic dibenzopyrenes—a type of high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)—to the environment. Non-exhaust traffic sources of particles. 60% rubber polymers; 20?
The SL 43 features an M139 in-line two-liter, four-cylinder gasoline engine with an electric exhaust gas turbocharger—used for the first time in a production vehicle. The electric exhaust gas turbocharger is a fascinating example of the extensive transfer between Formula 1 technology and the development of production vehicles.
Contrary to expectations, exhaust from gasoline vehicles contributes more to the production of secondary organic aerosols (SOA) than exhaust from diesel vehicles, according to a new study by scientists from the Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), NOAA’s Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL) and other colleagues.
Exhaust particle size distributions measured by ELPI (color map) and particle concentration measured by CPC (white line) during individual engine braking conditions (speed change from 32 km/h to 0 km/h). The exhaust sample was taken from the exhaust manifold. The exhaust sample was taken from the exhaust manifold.
Researchers at Environment Canada have found that vehicle exhaust is a significant source of isocyanic acid (HNCO), a toxic gaseous acid that is a product of various forms of combustion and a potential health concern. Automobile exhaust is also a known source of inorganic acids such as nitric (HNO 3 ) and nitrous (HONO) acids.
liter turbocharged M139 engine featuring an electric exhaust gas turbocharger. The electric exhaust gas turbocharger solves the conventional trade-off between a small, responsive turbocharger yielding a lower total output and a large turbocharger capable of high peak power with less responsiveness. An electric motor around 1.6
Cost of the new engine relative to gasoline baseline. So far this year, the team has integrated the T2B2 aftertreatment in the dynamometer environment and is in the process of convert the demonstration vehicle to the T2B2 configuration. Exhaust system configuration. Earlier post.). l/100 km) for a vehicle of that size.
The University of Bath and SAIC Motor UK Technical Centre are collaborating on a project to identify the most efficient conditions for the optimum performance of gasoline particulate filters (GPFs), to help minimize vehicle impact on the environment.
Under laboratory-simulated diesel exhaust conditions, this mixed-phase oxide material was superior to Pt in terms of cost, thermal durability, and catalytic activity for NO oxidation. and octahedral coordination environments, respectively. Diesel engines are attractive because of their higher fuel efficiency than gasoline engines.
Professor Stan Golunski, Deputy Director of the newly established Cardiff Catalysis Institute , in collaboration with engineers at Brunel and Birmingham Universities, is investigating the feasibility of an on-board exhaust gas reforming system to improve combustion and recover waste heat. Energy Environ. doi: 10.1039/b927199f.
Renault held a “2010 Environment Workshop” last week to showcase its progress across its range of vehicles’ full lifecycle through the Renault eco² program. New TCe gasoline engine family. Scheduled for launch in 2012, it is expected to account for 85% of Renault’s gasoline engine sales in 2015. Variable swirl technology.
Contribution of gasoline and diesel exhaust to SOA over 0% to 50% diesel fuel use. The study determined that, depending on a region’s fuel use, diesel exhaust is responsible for 65% to 90% of vehicular-derived SOA, with substantial contributions from aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons. Gentner et al. Click to enlarge.
In the area of energy conservation, TMC has developed a new gasoline engine that achieves a maximum 38.5% Gasoline engines. liter AR gasoline engine, adopts the Atkinson cycle and D-4S injection system. liter AR gasoline engine. The adoption of newly developed exhaust aftertreatment technology. Diesel engines.
with technologies such as direct fuel injection, variable valve timing, exhaust-driven turbochargers, brake energy regeneration and Auto Start Stop function—about 60% of the generated energy is still lost, half of it being exhaust heat, with the remaining half as heat absorbed by the engine cooling system. Click to enlarge.
Fuel-cycle SO 2 emissions of EVs compared to those of gasoline ICEVs and HEVs in China, current (left) and future (right). The study examined the fuel-cycle CO 2 , SO 2 , and NO x emissions of EVs in China in both current (2008) and future (2030) periods and compared them with those of conventional gasoline vehicles and gasoline hybrids.
A study of emissions from gasoline direct injection (GDI) vehicles in an urban near-road environment in Toronto over a wide range of weather conditions (February 2014 to January 2015) found that—other than for NO x and CO—the GDI engines had elevated emissions compared to the Toronto fleet. —Zimmerman et al.
At the tailpipe, the TWC ultimately reduced the regulated and unregulated emissions from the methanol-gasoline engine to the same levels as those generated by a conventional gasoline engine. Unburned methanol and formaldehyde emissions from methanol engines are harmful to the environment as well as to human health.
Hybrid Air combines the PureTech gasoline engine; a compressed air energy storage unit located beneath the trunk; a hydraulic pump/motor unit in the engine bay; and and an automatic transmission with an epicyclic gear train. This method of driving does not consume fuel and gives off no CO 2 emissions, making it ideal for urban environments.
These include fully-electric systems, as well as a gasoline-generated EV system (known as e-POWER at Nissan, earlier post ) in which a gasoline engine generates electrical power stored in a battery (series hybrid), which can then be delivered to all four wheels through a pair of high-output electric motors. Earlier post.)
the criteria pollutants and CO 2 that emerge with the exhaust from the tailpipe. However, there is more than 15 years of research showing that the contribution of non-exhaust primary particles to the total traffic generated primary particles is significant in urban areas. Further, a 2013 review by Denier van der Gon et al. Background.
A new study by a team from the University of Edinburgh and independent engineering company INNAS BV has found that, when factoring in the additional weight and non-exhaust PM factors, total PM 10 emissions from electric vehicles (EVs) are equal to those of modern internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs). mg/vkm for gasoline cars and 2.4
billion) in engine technology to ensure further improvements in fuel consumption and emissions in gasoline and diesel engines in current as well as current vehicles, according to Prof. Exhaust aftertreatment systems. The operating range of exhaust-gas recirculation has been extended towards significantly lower temperatures.
The two leading technologies for NO x reduction in the oxygen-rich environment are ammonia selective catalytic reduction (SCR) and a lean NO x trap (LNT). Because NO 2 constitutes less than 10% of NO x in the diesel engine-out exhaust, an oxidation catalyst is required to increase the NO 2 fraction. Science Vol. Science Vol.
EPA has issued an Advance Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (ANPR) on lead emissions from piston-engine aircraft using leaded aviation gasoline (avgas). Aviation gasoline is utilized in general aviation aircraft with piston engines—which are generally used for instructional flying, air taxi activities, and personal transportation.
The engine pairs a single-scroll turbocharger with a cylinder head that uses an integrated water-cooled exhaust manifold to optimize exhaust temperature. This, together with advanced D-4T (Direct-injection 4 stroke gasoline engine with Turbo) technology, creates an optimized air-fuel mixture. Source: Toyota. Click to enlarge.
Emissions from automobile exhaust systems have decreased in recent years due to the introduction of cleaner fuels and new control technologies on internal combustion engines, as well as increases in numbers of hybrid and electric vehicles.
A team from Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) has characterized the intermediate volatility organic compound (IVOC) emissions from on-road gasoline vehicles (LDGVs) and small off-road gasoline engines (SOREs). All LDGVs were tested using commercial summertime California gasoline and the cold-start united cycle. —Zhao et al.
UK Environment Secretary Michael Gove published a new Clean Air Strategy to cut air pollution backed up through new primary legislation. To work with international partners to research and develop new standards for tires and brakes to address toxic non-exhaust emissions of micro plastics from vehicles which can pollute air and water.
Gasoline direct injection (GDI) is a strategy to improve fuel efficiency that is rapidly gaining market acceptance. Several OEMs are working on combustion optimization and injection technologies that reduce particulate emissions in engines rather than through exhaust after-treatment. and fuel properties. Earlier post.)
The vehicles also exceed the MLIT fuel efficiency standard for 2015 by 20% and achieve emissions levels 75% lower than the 2005 standards under the MLIT''s Approval System for Low-Emission Vehicles, making them eligible for tax reductions under the Japanese government’s tax incentive program for environment-friendly vehicles. Displacement.
Gasoline engines can operate lean to improve fuel economy, potentially reducing CO 2 emissions significantly. Further, advances in combustion development for gasoline have led to the potential for reduced engine-out NO x emissions for homogeneous lean operation compared to stratified lean operation. Resources. Koehler, R. Osborne, M.
Controlled Power Technologies (CPT) and AVL List GmbH (AVL) have developed a gasoline engine that retains all the traditional cost, weight, NVH refinement and emission benefits as well as the fun-to-drive factor, while reducing CO 2 levels to that of an equivalent diesel powertrain. TFSI (200PS) gasoline engine.
gasoline unit that is the first member of a new family of 14 highly efficient engines to be launched by 2015. Mass-produced gasoline engines on average have a thermal efficiency of between 30 and 35%, Toyota said.). liter gasoline engine and 1.4-liter A 4-cylinder, 1.33-liter liter diesel complete the range. lbs) lighter.
Developed for the latest 1-liter downsized gasoline engines. Continental will be supplying Ford with turbochargers for the carmaker’s new three-cylinder direct injection gasoline engine platform. In order to prevent pressure from rising too steeply at high engine output, a waste-gate valve conducts the exhaust gases past the turbine.
The new six-cylinder in-line gasoline engine M 256 features a 48 V electrical system. The M 256 is the first member of a new family of premium gasoline engines that have for the first time been systematically designed for electrification from the outset. Mercedes-Benz is investing a total of around €3 billion (US$3.3 Click to enlarge.
The new rules are fuel- and technology-neutral, placing the same limits regardless of whether the vehicle uses gasoline, diesel, electric drive-trains or alternative fuels. The Euro 7 standards rules bring emission limits for all motor vehicles, i.e., cars, vans, buses and lorries under a single set of rules.
unveiled the first dual-fuel, piston-powered aircraft to operate on both compressed natural gas (CNG) and aviation gasoline. to be at AirVenture, can be powered by CNG or 100LL aviation gasoline with the flip of a switch. to be at AirVenture, can be powered by CNG or 100LL aviation gasoline with the flip of a switch.
If a ban were introduced on the sale of new gasoline and diesel cars, and they were replaced by electric cars, the result would be a significant reduction in lifecycle carbon dioxide emissions primarily due to reduced tailpipe CO 2 emissions, according to a new lifecycle study by researchers at Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden.
Battery electric cars emit less greenhouse gases and air pollutants over their entire life cycle than petrol and diesel cars, according to a European Environment Agency (EEA) report. For local air quality, electric vehicles also offer clear benefits, mainly due to zero exhaust emissions at street level.
While achieving LTC with diesel fuel over a wide operating range has been shown to be difficult for several reasons, gasoline, with its high volatility and low chemical reactivity, offers a more attractive fuel option for LTC. —Dempsey et al. —Dempsey et al.
class gasoline engine. outlined its plans for next-generation automotive technology&madsh;which it is labeling “Earth Dreams Technology”—comprising a series of measures to improve the efficiency of gasoline and diesel engines, transmissions, hybrid and plug-in hybrid systems and electric powertrains. Gasoline engine.
Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) is a major component of fine particulate matter—which causes adverse health effects—even in urban environments; vehicles may be a dominant source of SOA in urban areas, although there is still an ongoing debate over SOA formation from on-road sources. —Zhao et al.
The new Focus features a broad suite of Ford advanced driver assistance technologies and advanced EcoBoost gasoline and EcoBlue diesel engines offering a 10% fuel-efficiency improvement across the range. Ford has unveiled the all-new Ford Focus. Ford’s multi-award-winning 1.0-liter liter EcoBoost engine is offered with 150 PS and 182 PS.
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