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Long-term exposure to ambient ozone appears to accelerate arterial conditions that progress into cardiovascular disease and stroke, according to a new University at Buffalo study. The study found that chronic exposure to ozone was associated with a progression of thickening of the main artery that supplies blood to the head and neck.
have developed a simulator able to predict tropospheric ozone concentrations across the whole of South and East Asia. The project was carried out in collaboration with Tsinghua University in China, The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI) in India, and the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) in Austria.
Energy diagram for the combination of nitrogen dioxide and the hydroxyl radical. The two combine in the atmosphere to make either nitric acid or peroxynitrous acid; the so-called branching ratio of these two chemicals is important in models of ozone production. Credit: Caltech/Mitchio Okumura. Click to enlarge.
The European Community’s air pollutant emission inventory report released by the European Environment Agency finds that in 2007, sulphur oxides (SO x ) emissions were down by 72 % from 1990 levels. EU-27 emissions of all four pollutants were lower in 2007 than in 2006.
The approximate linear relationship for each region is notable, suggesting that the dependence of urban NO 2 pollution upon population follows a power law scaling with population. This greater concentration occurs even though cities with higher populations have higher energy efficiency and, therefore, lower per capita NO 2 emissions.
Black carbon and tropospheric ozone are harmful air pollutants that also contribute to climate change. Reducing black carbon and tropospheric ozone now will slow the rate of climate change within the first half of this century, the study said. Full implementation of these measures would reduce future global warming by 0.5 °C
The results, published in an open-access paper in the journal Science , suggest that the focus of efforts to mitigate ozone formation and toxic chemical burdens need to be adjusted, the authors suggested. Even so, lotions, paints and other products contribute about as much to air pollution as does the transportation sector.
A new report from the European Environment Agency (EEA) warns that the health of Europe’s most vulnerable citizens remains disproportionately affected by environmental hazards such as air and noise pollution and extreme temperatures, especially in Europe’s eastern and southern regions, despite overall improvements in Europe’s environmental quality.
Led by the tiny Pacific island of the Federated States of Micronesia, a growing group of low-lying islands and other vulnerable countries are calling for fast action on the approximately 50% of global warming that is caused by pollutants other than carbon dioxide (CO 2 ). The next round of UN climate negotiations begins in Cancun today.
The FY 2011-2012 plan focused primarily on five areas of interest: sustainable communities; behavior and technology adoption; health and air pollution exposures; air pollution science; and greenhouse gas targets. The FY 2011-2012 Plan included four projects to support the goal of attaining air quality standards.
Researchers at the University of Colorado, Boulder and the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) modeled the emissions impact had plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) replaced light duty gasoline vehicles in the Denver, Colorado area in summer 2006. Ozone concentration increases were modeled for small areas near central Denver.
Photochemical Ozone Creation Potential (kg Ethene equivalent). Quantifies the production of pollutantozone (? to ozone layer), the results of the reaction of sunlight on NO x and volatile organic compounds. water, and non-renewable energies (crude oil, coal.) Quantifies the quantity of energy (crude oil, coal.)
This despite evidence that suggests air pollution impacts from the transportation sector exceed those from greenhouse gases. … solar, wind, hydroelectric, and nuclear) as compared to the eastern US (EUS), where the electricity market is dominated by pollutant and precursor emitting combustion sources (i.e., —Schnell et al.
Their paper appears in the ACS journal Energy & Fuels. They found that the level of emissions of regulated and unregulated pollutants in diesel exhaust depends on fuel, load, engine calibration, and exhaust aftertreatment technology. Unregulated pollutants also include ozone precursors and bioaccumulative and toxic compounds.
According to a new study led by a team at Duke University, airborne particulate matter and dust are cutting solar photovoltaic energy output by more than 25% in certain parts of the world, with roughly equal contributions from ambient PM and PM deposited on photovoltaic surfaces.
The burning of coal releases more carbon dioxide than other fossil fuels, as well as comparatively high levels of other pollutants, including sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and particles such as ash. degrees F (3 degrees C) of warming projected by 2100 under current energy trends. degree Fahrenheit (less than 0.1 degree Celsius).
Researchers at the University of California, Irvine and other institutions have conducted a statistical analysis of pollution exposure and yields from 1980 to 2015 on a key sector making up about 38% of the state’s total agricultural output: perennial crops such as almonds, grapes, nectarines, peaches, strawberries and walnuts.
Depletion of fossil energy resources [kg oil-eq.]. Deterioration of the ozone layer [kg CFC-11-eq.]. Primary energy, non-renewable [Megajoule]. Primary energy, renewable [Megajoule]. Note the large impact of energy storage in the latter. 2020) Submitted to Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews.
Source: “Hidden Costs of Energy”. The damages the committee was able to quantify were an estimated $120 billion in the US in 2005, a number that reflects primarily health damages from air pollution associated with electricity generation and motor vehicle transportation. Source: “Hidden Costs of Energy”. Click to enlarge.
Population-Weighted Multi Pollutant Index (PW-MPI) values for different regions. The emission scenario assumes that population and economic growth largely determine energy and food consumption and consequent pollution sources with the current technologies (“business as usual”). Source: Pozzer et al. —Pozzer et al.
The study found that 60% of the winter primary hydrocarbon hydroxyl radical reactivity in London is from those diesel-related hydrocarbons; the authors predicted that the longer-chain HCs contribute up to 50 % of the ozone production potential in London.
The California Energy Commission unanimously adopted the 2013-2014 Investment Plan Update to support the development and use of green vehicles and alternative fuels. Replacing older, high-polluting buses and vehicles with new CNG buses and vehicles can help reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
(Respectively, Title IV of the 1990 Clean Air Act and the Ozone Transport Commission/NO x Budget Program.). Policymakers rarely see with perfect foresight what the appropriate emissions targets are to protect the public health and environment—the history is that these targets usually need to get stricter.
These emissions are independent of the vehicle energy/propulsion system and therefore applicable to all road vehicle types including those with battery-electric powertrains. While some VOCs are released in exhaust, others may arise from an unexpected source—e.g., the products used for “car care,” such as windshield washer fluid.
eutrophication; ET = ecological toxicity; FEC = fossil energy consumption; WU = water use; LO = land occupation; “The rest” includes acidification; smog formation; ozone layer depletion; and human health effects. Error bar shows regional variations for E85. GW = global warming; Eut. Credit: ACS, Yang et al. Click to enlarge.
For a number of the most important pollutants, levels were substantially lower than required by regulations. They were tested on multiple repeats of these cycles, and measurements of more than 300 regulated and unregulated air pollutants were made in accordance with the highest laboratory standards. Background. g/hp-hr in 2010.
The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has awarded $5 million to the Southern Alliance for Clean Energy (SACE) to help Southern truckers and small businesses to buy cleaner big rigs. About 8 million are exposed to air quality that violates the federal standards for particulate matter.
Using biodiesel in construction vehicles offers promising environmental benefits in terms of reduced tailpipe emissions as well as reductions in fuel cycle emissions of selected pollutants, according to a new study by researchers at North Carolina State University. ozone, PM) problems may be less pressing. Pang et al. Shih-Hao Pang, H.
Our results will have a significant impact on our understanding of the oxidizing capacity of the atmosphere and have wide ranging implications for pollution and climate change. We have been able to quantify how fast Criegee radicals react for the first time. Carl Percival. —Welz et al. Oliver Welz, John D. Savee, David L.
CARB also adopted a new plan to curb destructive “super pollutants” including black carbon, fluorinated gases and methane. The plan, California’s Short-lived Climate Pollutant Reduction Strategy, maps out the route to more rapid greenhouse gas reductions by clamping down on these super pollutants. emissions by more than 20%.
New research by a team from the US, China and Japan focusing on the Houston, Texas area suggests that widespread urban development alters weather patterns in a way that can make it easier for pollutants to accumulate during warm summer weather instead of being blown out to sea. ““The very existence of the Houston area favors stagnation.”
As part of a US Department of Energy sponsored effort, local fleets will replace existing diesel delivery vehicles with all-electric medium- and heavy-duty Smith Newton trucks for daily operations in the Houston-Galveston area. The project will have additional impact with an expected reduction in GHG emissions by 37.5
Specifically, in this action, NHTSA is affirming that its statutory authority to set nationally applicable fuel economy standards under the express preemption provisions of the Energy Policy and Conservation Act (EPCA) dictates that such state and local programs are preempted. criteria pollutants—is not affected by the action.
These technologies include, but are not limited to, advanced aftertreatment and waste heat recovery; lean-burn plus lean-NO x emissions traps; integration of zero-emission miles technologies; further refinements in reducing friction and parasitic energy losses; and widespread utilization of renewable and natural gas and hydrogen blends.
In fact, policies aimed at cutting carbon emissions improve air quality by a similar amount as policies specifically targeting air pollution. Selin and colleagues compared the health benefits to the economic costs of three climate policies: a clean-energy standard, a transportation policy, and a cap-and-trade program.
Researchers from the University of Minnesota have produced a spatially and temporally explicit life cycle inventory (LCI) of air pollutants from gasoline, ethanol derived from corn grain, and ethanol from corn stover for the contiguous US (the lower 48 states). The researchers included a sixth pollutant, ammonia (NH 3 ).
Increased use of natural gas as a transportation fuel diversifies Colorado’s portfolio, supports locally produced energy, improves air quality and can save money through lower fuel costs. The funds will provide for the statewide construction of compressed natural gas fueling stations and the purchase of natural gas vehicles (NGV).
Waxman of the Energy and Commerce Committee and Chairman Edward J. Markey of the Energy and Environment Subcommittee on Tuesday released a draft of far-reaching energy and climate legislation that targets job creation, promotes renewables and energy efficiency, and places limits on emissions of greenhouse gases.
Energy consumption and GHG emissions per PKT (passenger kilometer travelled). Inventorying criteria air pollutants showed that vehicle non-operational components often dominate total emissions. Life-cycle criteria air pollutant emissions are between 1.1 The vehicle operation components are shown with gray patterns.
million US Department of Energy (DOE) grant to demonstrate a pre-production Renewable Natural Gas (RNG) hybrid 4,300 hp line-haul locomotive. The rail sector is the only transportation modality without significant emissions related development that is feasible in the near-term to eliminate ozone, smog and GHG emissions, OptiFuel says.
BC is a significant component of particulate matter (PM) pollution, which has been linked to adverse health and environmental impacts through decades of scientific research. Clean clouds and non-light-absorbing (transparent) particles scatter or reflect sunlight, reducing the amount of solar energy that is absorbed by the surface.
The Clean Air Act (CAA) requires the use of low-volatility gasoline during the summer months in order to limit the formation of ozonepollution. The Clean Air Act allows the EPA Administrator, in consultation with the US Department of Energy (DOE), to waive certain fuel requirements temporarily to address shortages.
The on-road transportation (ORT) and power generation (PG) sectors are major contributors to CO 2 emissions and a host of short-lived radiatively-active air pollutants, including tropospheric ozone and fine aerosol particles, that exert complex influences on global climate. Unger et al. Click to enlarge.
EPA will also expand energy conservation and efficiency programs and continue to develop solutions for reducing GHG emissions from large stationary sources like power plants. EPA will finalize its mobile source GHG rules under the Clean Air Act, and “ provide a framework for continued improvements in that sector.” ( Earlier post. ).
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