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A study by a pair of researchers at Northwestern University found that when fuel prices drove residents of São Paulo, Brazil, to switch from ethanol to gasoline in their flexible-fuel vehicles, local ozone levels dropped 20%. Ozone levels are relatively high in São Paulo, with hourly concentrations above 75 and 125 µg m ?3
This analysis examined the effect of flight distance on greenhouse gas emissions per passenger, and compared emissions from flying different distances with annual emissions from driving. Greenhouse gas emissions were examined for 17 nonstop flights with round-trip distances ranging from 131 miles to 19,040 miles.
A study by researchers at the University of Texas found that in general, use of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) can lead to an increase in ozone during nighttime hours (due to decreased scavenging from both vehicles and EGU stacks) and a decrease in ozone during daytime hours. The results are less clear in Dallas and Houston.
Springtime ozone distributions for 1984, 1995–2008 in the mid-troposphere (3.0–8.0 Springtime ozone levels above western North America are rising primarily due to air flowing eastward from the Pacific Ocean, a trend that is largest when the air originates in Asia. The US EPA recently proposed new tougher ground-level ozone standards.
The tractor’s hydrogen tank can hold 67 kg of hydrogen with the battery providing 72 kWh for a gross combined weight of 37,200 kg to deliver an average range of more than 450 miles per tank. Last year, Hyundai Motor also announced its NorCal Zero project, also known as Zero-Emission Regional Truck Operations with Fuel Cell Electric Trucks.
BASF announced the commercial launch of PremAir NXT, a next-generation direct ozone reduction (DOR) catalytic coating technology for heat exchange surfaces such as radiators that can help automakers meet new US Tier 3 and California LEV III emissions reduction requirements. it converts ground-level ozone already in the air.
In its recently released Inventory of US Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990 – 2011 ( earlier post ), the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) reported that methane (CH 4 ) emissions from the field production of natural gas have declined by 36% from 2007 to 2011 (from 83.1 CH 4 emissions represented 8.8%
Five technology paths for very-low-NO x and GHG emissions from heavy-duty natural gas engines. The “Pathways to Near-Zero-Emission Natural Gas Heavy Duty Vehicles” report, authored by GNA on behalf of Southern California Gas Co. An 80% reduction of GHG emissions is targeted for 2050, relative to 1990 levels. Click to enlarge.
Funded in part by a $5-million zero-emissions grant from the Federal Aviation Administration, the electric buses replace the aging compressed natural gas bus fleet that has been operating at SJC since 2008. The electric bus fleet is anticipated to reduce ozoneemissions by 1.1
The study used the series production versions launched in 2011, with the assumption of operation for 150,000 km (93,205 miles). Since the BEV version has a shorter range, Renault noted, the way in which the miles are accumulated could differ from that of the ICE vehicles.). Emission standard. emissions). emissions).
Previously, only heavy-heavy-duty trucks with a declared vehicle weight greater than 60,000 pounds qualified; Trucks with mileage as low as 15,000 miles per year are now eligible. VIP is part of the state’s overall plan to cut toxic diesel emissions 85 percent by 2020.
Contributions of regions to total life cycle emissions for three fuels (µg per vehicle-mile traveled per km 2 land area). Dashed lines show US average emissions. Associated tailpipe emissions alone account for 40?60% Credit: ACS, Tessum et al. Click to enlarge. —Tessum et al.
Illustration of light-duty vehicle sales share by emission certification level projected to be required to meet. The California Air Resources Board (ARB) is developing a proposal for more stringent emission requirements—i.e., Super Ultra Low-Emission Vehicle (SULEV). proposed NMOG+NO x standards in new LEV III.
Ethane reacts with sunlight and other molecules in the atmosphere to form ozone, which at the surface can cause respiratory problems, eye irritation and other ailments and damage crops. Two percent might not sound like a lot, but the emissions we observed in this single region are 10 to 100 times larger than reported in inventories.
The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) announced two new proposed federal emissions standards spanning light-, medium- and heavy-duty vehicles for model year 2027 and beyond. Together, the proposals would reduce oil imports by approximately 20 billion barrels.
The Houston-Galveston Area Council (H-GAC) has partnered with the Center for Transportation and the Environment (CTE) and Smith Electric Vehicles Corporation (Smith Electric) to reduce vehicle emissions from delivery trucks in the Houston-Galveston region. Its service area is 12,500 square miles and contains more than 6 million people.
The AB 32 Scoping Plan, which guides development and implementation of California’s greenhouse gas emission reduction programs. Furthermore, commercially available technologies, such as fuel efficient passenger vehicle tires, can be utilized by both new and in-use vehicles in the near-term to achieve GHG emission reductions.
The on-road transportation (ORT) and power generation (PG) sectors are major contributors to CO 2 emissions and a host of short-lived radiatively-active air pollutants, including tropospheric ozone and fine aerosol particles, that exert complex influences on global climate. database) from another global inventory for the year 1996.
The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has designated the five-county Philadelphia region of Bucks, Delaware, Chester, Montgomery and Philadelphia counties as non-attainment for ozone and fine particulate matter air quality standards. Berks, Lehigh and Northampton counties recently achieved attainment status for federal ozone standards.
The higher the RVP of a fuel, the worse its emissions are. EPA regulates the vapor pressure of gasoline sold at retail stations during the summer ozone season (1 June to 15 September) to reduce evaporative emissions from gasoline that contribute to ground-level ozone and diminish the effects of ozone-related health problems.
proposed strategy for further regulation and reduction of mobile source—cars, trucks, and off-road equipment—emissions. ARB staff developed this strategy using a multi-pollutant scenario planning tool ( Vision 2.0 ) that quantifies changes in ozone and PM 2.5 Vision 2.0 Vision 2.0 Click to enlarge. Passenger vehicles.
Those vertical movements provide a pathway for black carbon, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and other pollutants to ascend into the stratosphere, about 20-25 miles above the Earth’s surface. This could explain satellite measurements showing high levels of stratospheric ozone, water vapor and other chemicals over Asia during summer.
A new study quantifying emissions from a fleet of gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines and port fuel injection (PFI) engines finds that the measured decrease in CO 2 emissions from GDIs is much greater than the potential climate forcing associated with higher black carbon emissions from GDI engines.
Temperature change per transport work by mode for various years after the emissions: per passenger kilometer for passenger travel (left) and per ton-kilometer for freight transport (right). Passenger trains and buses cause four to five times less impact than automobile travel for every mile a passenger travels. Bars represent 1 SD.
NOAA researchers on the ship Atlantis focused on various sources of emissions, air quality and meteorology along the California coast and in the San Francisco Bay. The 274-foot research vessel examined the composition of emissions from more than 70 passing ships over 24 days.
The committee that wrote the report focused on monetizing the damage of major air pollutants—sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, ozone, and particulate matter—on human health, grain crops and timber yields, buildings, and recreation. cents per mile traveled—and it is important to be cautious in interpreting small differences, the report says.
Widespread adoption of electric transportation, including electrification in the off-road sector, could lead to substantial reductions in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and could modestly improve air quality, according to a new analysis released by the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) and the Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC).
A view of the inside of the CitiSense sensor: the three cylindrical components detect ozone, nitrogen dioxide and carbon monoxide. The CitiSense sensors detect ozone, nitrogen dioxide and carbon monoxide, the most common pollutants emitted by cars and trucks. million residents, 4,000 square miles, and only about 10 stations.
The researchers characterized nanowastes and nanoparticle emissions from the SiNW synthesis. kg), and an average driving distance of 200,000 km (124,000 miles) during a 10-year service life. The study is published in the ACS journal Environmental Science & Technology. Each LIB cell had a 3.65-V V voltage and 27-Ah capacity.
Houston, with a mix of petrochemical facilities, sprawling suburbs, and traffic jams that stretch for miles, has some of the highest levels of ground-level ozone and other air pollutants in the United States. The nighttime temperatures over the city would be lower and winds would become stronger, blowing the pollution out to the Gulf.
A team from Austria and Norway has found that the climate impact from a long-distance trip (500–1,000 km, or 310–621 miles) can easily vary by a factor of 10 per passenger depending on mode choice, vehicle efficiency, and occupancy. They then compared these results with results accounting only for CO 2 emissions.
It assessed three currently manufactured Li-ion battery technologies for EVs and two for a PHEV with a 40-mile all-electric range: lithium-manganese oxide (LiMnO 2 ); lithium-nickel-cobalt-manganese-oxide (LiNi 0.4 O 2 , Li-NCM); and lithium-iron phosphate (LiFePO 4 ). smog); this is true even for PHEV-40s batteries, which are 3.4
OCO-2’s science instrument, comprising three parallel high-resolution, near-infrared spectrometers in a common structure, will collect 24 measurements per second across a field of view of approximately three square kilometers, or one square mile. Climate Change Emissions Research'
The Partnership aims to “ accelerate the introduction of advanced truck and bus technologies that use less fuel, have greater fuel diversity, operate more safely, are more reliable, meet future emissions standards, and are cost effective.” The 21CTP was formed in 2001 to reduce fuel usage and emissions in trucks of Classes 3 through 8.
On their 100+ mile round trip, these trucks burn diesel fuel that damages the ozone, spews out noxious particulates that seek-out lungs and eyes along with oxides of nitrogen that help create smog, along with other nasty—and toxic—unpleasantness. More and more, especially the smaller “last mile” trucks, are powered by electricity.
The basic question addressed, which appears on the study homepage (epri-reports.org) is this: How would air quality and greenhouse gas emissions be affected if significant numbers of Americans drove cars that were fueled by the power grid? Cumulative GHG emissions reductions from 2010 to 2050 can range from 3.4 billion metric tons.
Tesla has dropped the base Model Y for a 320-mile version that only costs $2,000 more. Tesla has canceled its cheapest Model Y , while adding a rear-wheel-drive Model Y Long Range version with a range of 320 miles for just $2,000 more. EVs are part of the solution to remedy unhealthy air. And will the Tesla connector fix charging?
In 2004, the Centralina region (the Greater Charlotte metro area, which straddles the North CarolinaSouth Carolina border) was designated as a non-attainment area for ozone under the Clean Air Act. km (6 mile) section of the proposed rail line that lay outside Charlottes Mecklenburg County and would therefore not be funded by big city taxes.
As a result, running a gas leaf blower for an hour can produce more emissions of nitrogen oxide (NOx) and reactive organic gases (ROG) than driving a small passenger car 1,000 miles. Electric lawn equipment has improved dramatically in recent years, offering lower noise, no emissions, and just as much power as gas-powered versions.
Eliza Strickland: Man-made climate change is already reshaping our planet, and carbon emissions aren’t coming down fast enough to stave off real disaster in the decades to come. Strickland: Why don’t you focus on just cutting carbon emissions? Transcript. It does not act on the greenhouse gases that are already in the atmosphere.
Freight transportation is a pillar of the US national economy, but while long-haul trucks account for less than 6% of the vehicle miles traveled over US highways, they account for about 40% of the emissions of air polluting particulate matter and about 55% of nitrogen oxides, the precursor to ozone in the atmosphere, the study said.
The California Air Resources Board released the draft proposed first update to the AB 32 Scoping Plan, which guides development and implementation of California’s greenhouse gas emission reduction programs. California’s zero emission vehicle (ZEV) regulation is also driving a transformation of the fleet. Transportation.
More than half of all air-quality-related early deaths in the United States are a result of emissions originating outside of the state in which those deaths occur, MIT researchers report in a paper in the journal Nature. Now it’s looking like other emissions sectors are becoming important. That wasn’t really possible before.
The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is proposing regulations employing the “good neighbor” provision of the Clean Air Act to reduce interstate transport of upwind state emissions from power generation that contribute to air quality problems in downwind states. NO x emissions would drop by 52%.
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