Emissions, Exhaust and Universal

NASA selects four university teams for aviation projects; eliminating emissions and autonomy research

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 25, 2021

NASA has selected four university-led teams for potential awards in the agency’s University Leadership Initiative (ULI) that will have them spend up to five years exploring novel ideas for improving aviation, including eliminating emissions and autonomy research in support of Advanced Air Mobility. Florida State University.

Universal

Universal Emissions Georgia Florida

Study finds engines emit exhaust nanoparticles even when not fueled during engine braking

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 19, 2014

Exhaust particle size distributions measured by ELPI (color map) and particle concentration measured by CPC (white line) during individual engine braking conditions (speed change from 32 km/h to 0 km/h). The exhaust sample was taken from the exhaust manifold. The exhaust sample was taken from the exhaust manifold.

Exhaust

Exhaust Engine Fuel Greece

UK researchers report that alcohols in windshield washer fluid are major unreported source of VOCs emissions from cars, including EVs

Green Car Congress

JUNE 8, 2023

In a recent open-access paper published in ACS’ Environmental Science & Technology , researchers from the University of York report that alcohols in windshield washer fluid account for a larger fraction of real-world vehicle emissions than previous estimates have suggested. —Cliff et al.

Emissions

Emissions Exhaust Cars Ozone

Japan, China researchers develop plasma-assisted MnO2 filter that produces zero-NO2, -SO2 diesel exhaust

Green Car Congress

MARCH 8, 2019

This research, published in the journal Separation and Purification Technology , shows that ozone can be used to remove not only SO x but also NO x from fossil fuel combustion exhaust streams. In this study, to improve absorption performance of SO 2 and NO 2 , we added ozone in exhaust gas. 2018.12.077.

Exhaust

Exhaust Ozone Japan Diesel

HEI launches two new non-tailpipe particulate emission studies

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 8, 2023

The Health Effects Institute (HEI) has launched two new studies funded under RFA 21-1, Quantifying Real-World Impacts of Non-Tailpipe Particulate Matter Emissions. The new studies are: Improved Characterization of the Real-World Contributions and Impacts of Non-tailpipe Particulate Matter Emissions ,” led by Greg Evans, University of Toronto.

Emissions

Emissions Pollution Exhaust London

ClearFlame Engine Technologies partners with Alto Ingredients to demo ethanol-fueled MCCI in heavy-duty diesels; high efficiency, low emissions

Green Car Congress

MAY 18, 2021

ClearFlame anticipates its engine running on ethanol can reduce GHG vehicle emissions by more than 45% and offer an estimated 15-30% TCO savings when compared with a diesel-fueled solution. ClearFlame uses soot-free “Clear” Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) to maintain this ratio under varying load conditions. Blumreiter, J., Johnson, B.,

Diesel

Diesel Emissions Engine Fuel

New exhaust catalyst features thermal durability and high reactivity at low operating temperatures

Green Car Congress

MARCH 26, 2019

Catalytic converters have been used in the US since the 1970s as a way to clean up pollutants from vehicle exhaust. As cars have become more fuel-efficient, however, they use less energy and the temperature of the exhaust gases is lower, which makes it harder to clean up the pollutants. —Yong Wang.

Exhaust

Exhaust Pollution Convert Universal

Monash study on solar-driven electrolysis for green hydrogen production cautions on life-cycle emissions and EROI

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 23, 2021

Researchers at Monash University in Australia have conducted a lifecycle analysis and net energy analysis (LCA/NEA) of a hypothetical large-scale solar-electrolysis plant for the production of green hydrogen. There is no immediate concern for copper resources, but the average ore grade is declining as higher grade deposits become exhausted.

Solar

Solar Hydrogen Emissions Production

Study finds total greenhouse gas footprint of blue hydrogen “quite high” due to fugitive methane

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 13, 2021

“Blue” hydrogen—produced through steam methane reforming (SMR) of natural gas or coal gasification, but with CO 2 capture and storage—is being described as having low or zero carbon emissions. Carbon dioxide emissions, including emissions from developing, processing, and transporting the fuels, are shown in orange.

Hydrogen

Hydrogen Gas Coal Exhaust

Study links deterioration of concrete and asphalt to trace quantities of organic matter; diesel exhaust, windshield washer fluids

Green Car Congress

MAY 16, 2021

A team of scientists from six institutions, including Akihiro Moriyoshi, Emeritus Professor Hokkaido University, have found that the presence of Trace Quantities of Organic Matter (TQOM) in modern concrete structures and asphalt pavements drive the deterioration of these structures.

Exhaust

Exhaust Diesel Water Maintenance

UC Riverside team wins EPA design contest with lawnmower exhaust aftertreatment device

Green Car Congress

JULY 8, 2014

A team of University of California, Riverside Bourns College of Engineering students have won an EPA student design contest for developing an exhaust aftertreatment device that cuts CO, NO x and PM emissions from lawnmowers. An improved version of the device eliminated 93% of particulate matter emissions.

Exhaust

Exhaust EPA Design Pollution

Bath University and SAIC Motor team up to investigate gasoline particulate filter performance

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 19, 2018

The University of Bath and SAIC Motor UK Technical Centre are collaborating on a project to identify the most efficient conditions for the optimum performance of gasoline particulate filters (GPFs), to help minimize vehicle impact on the environment.

Universal

Universal Gasoline Motoring Motor

New mixed-oxide catalysts shown as viable substitute for platinum catalysts for diesel exhaust aftertreatment

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 17, 2012

Under laboratory-simulated diesel exhaust conditions, this mixed-phase oxide material was superior to Pt in terms of cost, thermal durability, and catalytic activity for NO oxidation. Nanostellar was founded in California in 2004 by scientists from Stanford University and NASA Ames Research Center. Wang et al., Click to enlarge.

Exhaust

Exhaust Diesel Dallas Conversion

ETI, Loughborough University, Johnson Matthey & Caterpillar launch £4.5M project to improve effectiveness of SCR aftertreatment systems for heavy-duty vehicles

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 15, 2013

The UK public-private partnership Energy Technologies Institute (ETI), Loughborough University, Johnson Matthey and Caterpillar have launched a new £4.5-million The project aims to help HDV fuel efficiency by developing a more efficient exhaust aftertreatment system. —Loughborough University Professor Graham Hargrave.

Universal

Universal Exhaust Mariner Vehicles

SwRI CAT-DEF reduces heavy-duty diesel emissions to meet CARB 2027 NOx requirements

Green Car Congress

MAY 6, 2022

CAT-DEF—Catalyzed Diesel Exhaust Fluid—is an SwRI-developed catalyst- and surfactant-modified diesel exhaust fluid (DEF) solution. The internally funded advancement successfully reduced heavy-duty diesel engine nitrogen oxide (NO x ) emissions to meet the California Air Resources Board (CARB) 2027 standards.

Diesel

Diesel Emissions Exhaust Engine

International consortium working on new sensor technology to measure real-world, in-use vehicle emissions

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 14, 2019

As part of the Horizon 2020 research project CARES (City Air Remote Emission Sensing), an international research consortium is working on new contactless exhaust measurement methods that will enable municipalities to take emission-reducing measures. AUTh (Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; GR). Airyx Gmbh (DE).

International

International Emissions Vehicles Exhaust

Researchers find isolated Pd atoms efficient low-temperature catalysts to convert CO in automotive exhaust

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 8, 2014

-alumina supports along with a small amount of lanthanum oxide can efficiently turn the carbon monoxide in automotive exhaust into carbon dioxide at temperatures as low as 40 ?Celsius, of Chemical and Biological Engineering at the University of new Mexico. C as a target for achieving removal of pollutants from exhaust.

Exhaust

Exhaust Convert New Mexico F-150

Researchers capture first images of CO2 emissions from commercial aircraft engine using chemical species tomography

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 30, 2022

Researchers have used a novel near-infrared light imaging technique to capture the first cross-sectional images of carbon dioxide in the exhaust plume of a commercial jet engine. Image Credit: Gordon Humphries, University of Strathclyde. Image Credit: Abhishek Upadhyay, University of Strathclyde. —Michael Lengden.

Commercial

Commercial Engine Emissions CO2

Swiss team finds particle emissions from aircraft turbine engines at ground-idle induce oxidative stress in bronchial cells

Green Car Congress

MAY 17, 2019

In a study on the effect of exhaust particles from aircraft turbine engines on human lung cells, Swiss researchers have found that cells reacted most strongly to particles emitted during ground idling. Image: University of Bern /SR Technics Switzerland AG. Turbine engine in the testing facility (not running).

Engine

Engine Emissions Switzerland Gasoline

The importance of considering non-exhaust traffic emissions; the role of EVs

Green Car Congress

MAY 2, 2016

Regulatory regimes seeking to reduce emissions from transport have largely focused on tailpipe emissions—i.e., the criteria pollutants and CO 2 that emerge with the exhaust from the tailpipe. Non-exhaust PM factors include tire wear, brake wear, road surface wear and resuspension of road dust. earlier post ). Background.

Exhaust

Exhaust Emissions Belgium Gasoline-Electric

Study finds 2008 recession contributed to increase in age of US LDV fleet, slowing of emission reductions

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 29, 2014

The global economic recession of 2008—which severely depressed light-duty vehicle sales—resulted in an increase in the age of the light-duty vehicle fleet in the US that likely slowed the rate of decrease of fleet average emissions, according to a study by Gary Bishop and Donald Stedman at the University of Denver.

2008

2008 Fleet Los Angeles Tulsa

Empa and partners exploring DME as fuel with new heavy-duty test engine

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 30, 2020

An electrically driven compressor for precise exhaust gas recirculation is also used. Then we modify the timing and pressure of the injection, among other things, and look at exhaust emission values and fuel consumption. This is done via exhaust gas recirculation (EGR). —Patrik Soltic.

Engine

Engine Fuel Exhaust Gas-Electric

UC Berkeley study quantifies LD gasoline on-road emissions

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 27, 2013

Based on on-road measurements in their study, a team from the University of California Berkeley has estimated that, as of 2010, light-duty (LD) gasoline vehicles were responsible for 85% of CO; 18% of NO x ; 18% of organic aerosol (OA); and 6% of black carbon (BC) emissions from on-road motor vehicles in the United States.

Gasoline

Gasoline Emissions Diesel San Francisco

Researchers develop effective exhaust catalyst for lower temperature exhaust

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 15, 2017

To improve fuel efficiency, advanced combustion engines are being designed to minimize the amount of waste heat in the exhaust. As a result, future generations of exhaust after-treatment catalysts must perform at temperatures that are 100 °C lower than current catalysts. —Nie et al.

Exhaust

Exhaust New Mexico Mexico Washington

UK consortium developing biogas and hydrogen dual-fuel Class 66 locomotive

Green Car Congress

JULY 4, 2021

The project is also supported by Network Rail, Tarmac, Rail Safety Standards Board (RSSB), Flogas, Carrickarory and the University of Birmingham. Exhaust emissions will be assessed in line with the latest RSSB guidance to understand both the baseline conditions and the impact of dual-fuelling for both hydrogen and biogas.

Hydrogen

Hydrogen Fuel Cleaning Clean

Study finds automobile tires are a potential source of carcinogenic dibenzopyrenes to the environment

Green Car Congress

MARCH 10, 2012

A new study by researchers from Stockholm University concludes that automobile tires may be a potential previously unknown source of carcinogenic dibenzopyrenes—a type of high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)—to the environment. Non-exhaust traffic sources of particles. —Sadiktsis et al.

Environment

Environment Automobile Exhaust Oil

Chalmers study finds ship exhaust gas scrubbers responsible for up to 9% of certain hazardous emissions into Baltic Sea

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 24, 2022

New research from Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden, finds that the discharge water from ships’ exhaust gas treatment systems—i.e., scrubbers—is responsible for up to 9% of certain emissions of carcinogenic and environmentally harmful substances in the Baltic Sea—considerably more than was previously known.

Exhaust

Exhaust Emissions Mariner Gas

Auburn University leads $2M DOE Co-Optima project to evaluate renewable butyl acetate as diesel fuel additive

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 22, 2018

Auburn University researchers are leading a $2-million US Department of Energy Co-Optima project ( earlier post ) that will evaluate renewable butyl acetate (BA) as a bio-based fuel additive that can be blended with diesel fuel to reduce soot and greenhouse gas emissions and yield cleaner engine operation in cold-weather conditions.

Universal

Universal Diesel Renewable Fuel

Study finds total PM10 emissions from EVs equal to those of modern ICEVs; role of weight and non-exhaust PM

Green Car Congress

APRIL 18, 2016

A new study by a team from the University of Edinburgh and independent engineering company INNAS BV has found that, when factoring in the additional weight and non-exhaust PM factors, total PM 10 emissions from electric vehicles (EVs) are equal to those of modern internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs). Click to enlarge.

Exhaust

Exhaust Emissions Gasoline-Electric 2016

Comparative study finds that B20 increases emission rates of a number of pollutants in both light- and medium-duty diesel engines at idle

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 20, 2012

Emission rates for the 1.7 A new study led by researchers at the University of Michigan compared regulated and unregulated emissions from both light-duty passenger car (1.7 Biodiesel also reduces smoke opacity, PM, CO, and NMHC emissions, although NO x may increase, depending on operating conditions. L engines at idle.

Pollution

Pollution Diesel Emissions Engine

PowerDriver simulations predict thermoelectric exhaust waste heat recovery output of 300W, -2.5% in fuel consumption; prototyping begins

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 22, 2013

The European Union-funded PowerDriver project—a two-year, €3-million (US$4-million) research project initiated in February 2012 to turn exhaust gas waste heat into electricity using thermoelectric generator (TGEN) technology—has completed simulation work on on a potential automotive application.

Exhaust

Exhaust Waste Land Rover Fuel

Chalmers study: ban on sales of fossil-fuel cars greatly reduces lifecycle GHG mainly due to tailpipe emissions; risk of carbon leakage in manufacturing

Green Car Congress

MAY 28, 2021

If a ban were introduced on the sale of new gasoline and diesel cars, and they were replaced by electric cars, the result would be a significant reduction in lifecycle carbon dioxide emissions primarily due to reduced tailpipe CO 2 emissions, according to a new lifecycle study by researchers at Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden.

Emissions

Emissions Carbon Manufacturer Sale

Study finds long-term exposure to black carbon from traffic exhaust at residential address increases the risk of stroke

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 1, 2019

Long-term residential exposure to locally emitted black carbon (BC) from traffic exhaust increases the risk of stroke even in low-pollution environments, according to a study by researchers at Karolinska Institutet and other universities in Sweden. g/m 3 ) of black carbon from traffic exhaust, the risk of stroke increased by 4%.

Exhaust

Exhaust Carbon Pollution Universal

Delphi and University of Luxembourg SnT partner on joint research on electronic control systems for automotive

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 7, 2012

Leading global automotive supplier Delphi and the Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability and Trust ( SnT ) of the University of Luxembourg have signed a four-year agreement to cooperate on a joint research program involving electronic control systems for automotive applications.

Luxembourg

Luxembourg Universal Exhaust Automobile

Reduction in diesel carbonyl emissions using F-T fuel from coal

Green Car Congress

MAY 29, 2014

Other research has shown that carbonyls directly influence physiological response to diesel exhaust particles and can also contribute to secondary organic aerosol formation. In the Tianjin study, they team fueled a four-cylinder light-duty diesel engine fueled with CFT and DF, identifying 13 individual carbonyl compounds in the exhaust.

Coal

Coal Diesel Emissions Fuel

Study of emissions from CNG- and gasoline-fueled autorickshaws suggests measurements and data, not assumptions, should drive policy

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 20, 2011

Fuel-based particulate matter emission factors (A: PM 2.5 emission factor (mean (95% confidence interval)) for CNG-2S (14.2 emission factor (mean (95% confidence interval)) for CNG-2S (14.2 This study measured a comprehensive set of emissions relevant to AQ [air quality] (PM 2.5 Credit: ACS, Reynolds et al. g kg -1 (6.2-26.7))

Gasoline

Gasoline Emissions Fuel India

Tsinghua study compares two diesel-gasoline combustion modes; both deliver high efficiencies and low emissions

Green Car Congress

MARCH 18, 2013

Researchers at Tsinghua University have compared the combustion and emissions characteristics of two dual-fuel (diesel-gasoline) modes intended to integrate the advantages of both fuels to achieve high thermal efficiency and low emission targets. Effects of EGR rates on emissions from HCII, GDBF, and diesel.

Gasoline

Gasoline Diesel Emissions Fuel

Researchers develop new highly efficient core-shell catalyst for methane oxidation; potential for reducing emissions from automotive engines

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 13, 2012

Researchers from the University of Pennsylvania, along with collaborators from Italy and Spain, have designed new core-shell type catalysts inspired by the concepts of supramolecular chemistry that oxidize methane 30 times better than do currently available catalysts. Click to enlarge.

Emissions

Emissions Engine Exhaust Spain

U. Houston-led project looking for new exhaust treatment catalysts for low-temperature lean-burn combustion engines

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 21, 2017

A chemical engineer from the University of Houston is leading a $2.1-million million project to find new catalytic materials that work at lower exhaust temperatures, allowing automakers to build vehicles that operate more efficiently while retaining the ability to clean emissions before they leave the tailpipe.

Houston

Houston Exhaust Engine Chrysler

New single-atom catalyst removes methane from engine exhaust at lower temperatures, while remaining stable at high temperatures

Green Car Congress

JULY 21, 2023

A new study by researchers from Washington State University and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory has found that a catalyst using a single or just a few palladium atoms removed 90% of unburned methane from natural gas engine exhaust at low temperatures. The work is published in the journal Nature Catalysis.

Exhaust

Exhaust Engine Gas Carbon

SJTU team investigating ammonia HCCI combustion in free piston engine

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 13, 2023

Researchers at Shanghai Jiao Tong University are investigating ammonia-fueled HCCI combustion in a free piston engine. Ammonia is a promising carbon–neutral fuel, able to power heavy-duty vehicles, non-road machineries and ocean ships with zero CO 2 emission. They then applied various asymmetric piston trajectories in the model.

Engine

Engine Exhaust Emissions Fuel

SwRI and USTA researchers to develop a novel catalyst for low-temperature SCR

Green Car Congress

JUNE 24, 2014

Southwest Research Institute (SwRI) and The University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA) announced funding for a new joint research projects to advance clean emission technologies. Future fuel economy standards will result in lower exhaust gas temperatures and limit the use of high-temperature SCR.

San Antonio

San Antonio Exhaust Clean Emissions Fuel Economy

Texas A&M study finds increase in cylinder-to-cylinder variation in diesel transitioning to low-temperature combustion mode

Green Car Congress

JUNE 25, 2013

A study by a team at Texas A&M University found that cylinder-to-cylinder variation in a multi-cylinder diesel engine increased substantially when transitioning to a low-temperature combustion (LTC) mode. LTC regimes are seen as a promising low-emissions, fuel-efficient alternatives to conventional diesel combustion.

Texas

Texas Diesel Exhaust Emissions

Swiss team concludes that particulate filters should be mandatory for GDI engines

Green Car Congress

MAY 24, 2017

In the spring 2014, the GasOMeP project (Gasoline Vehicle Emission Control for Organic, Metallic and Particulate Non-Legislative Pollutants) got underway. The carcinogenic potential in one cubic meter of exhaust gas from gasoline direct injectors is up to 1,700 times higher than the EU limit for clean air. Click to enlarge.

Engine

Engine Exhaust Gasoline Diesel

NASA selects four university teams for aviation projects; eliminating emissions and autonomy research

Study finds engines emit exhaust nanoparticles even when not fueled during engine braking

UK researchers report that alcohols in windshield washer fluid are major unreported source of VOCs emissions from cars, including EVs

Japan, China researchers develop plasma-assisted MnO2 filter that produces zero-NO2, -SO2 diesel exhaust

HEI launches two new non-tailpipe particulate emission studies

ClearFlame Engine Technologies partners with Alto Ingredients to demo ethanol-fueled MCCI in heavy-duty diesels; high efficiency, low emissions

New exhaust catalyst features thermal durability and high reactivity at low operating temperatures

Monash study on solar-driven electrolysis for green hydrogen production cautions on life-cycle emissions and EROI

Study finds total greenhouse gas footprint of blue hydrogen “quite high” due to fugitive methane

Study links deterioration of concrete and asphalt to trace quantities of organic matter; diesel exhaust, windshield washer fluids

UC Riverside team wins EPA design contest with lawnmower exhaust aftertreatment device

Bath University and SAIC Motor team up to investigate gasoline particulate filter performance

New mixed-oxide catalysts shown as viable substitute for platinum catalysts for diesel exhaust aftertreatment

ETI, Loughborough University, Johnson Matthey & Caterpillar launch £4.5M project to improve effectiveness of SCR aftertreatment systems for heavy-duty vehicles

SwRI CAT-DEF reduces heavy-duty diesel emissions to meet CARB 2027 NOx requirements

International consortium working on new sensor technology to measure real-world, in-use vehicle emissions

Researchers find isolated Pd atoms efficient low-temperature catalysts to convert CO in automotive exhaust

Researchers capture first images of CO2 emissions from commercial aircraft engine using chemical species tomography

Swiss team finds particle emissions from aircraft turbine engines at ground-idle induce oxidative stress in bronchial cells

The importance of considering non-exhaust traffic emissions; the role of EVs

Study finds 2008 recession contributed to increase in age of US LDV fleet, slowing of emission reductions

Empa and partners exploring DME as fuel with new heavy-duty test engine

UC Berkeley study quantifies LD gasoline on-road emissions

Researchers develop effective exhaust catalyst for lower temperature exhaust

UK consortium developing biogas and hydrogen dual-fuel Class 66 locomotive

Study finds automobile tires are a potential source of carcinogenic dibenzopyrenes to the environment

Chalmers study finds ship exhaust gas scrubbers responsible for up to 9% of certain hazardous emissions into Baltic Sea

Auburn University leads $2M DOE Co-Optima project to evaluate renewable butyl acetate as diesel fuel additive

Study finds total PM10 emissions from EVs equal to those of modern ICEVs; role of weight and non-exhaust PM

Comparative study finds that B20 increases emission rates of a number of pollutants in both light- and medium-duty diesel engines at idle

PowerDriver simulations predict thermoelectric exhaust waste heat recovery output of 300W, -2.5% in fuel consumption; prototyping begins

Chalmers study: ban on sales of fossil-fuel cars greatly reduces lifecycle GHG mainly due to tailpipe emissions; risk of carbon leakage in manufacturing

Study finds long-term exposure to black carbon from traffic exhaust at residential address increases the risk of stroke

Delphi and University of Luxembourg SnT partner on joint research on electronic control systems for automotive

Reduction in diesel carbonyl emissions using F-T fuel from coal

Study of emissions from CNG- and gasoline-fueled autorickshaws suggests measurements and data, not assumptions, should drive policy

Tsinghua study compares two diesel-gasoline combustion modes; both deliver high efficiencies and low emissions

Researchers develop new highly efficient core-shell catalyst for methane oxidation; potential for reducing emissions from automotive engines

U. Houston-led project looking for new exhaust treatment catalysts for low-temperature lean-burn combustion engines

New single-atom catalyst removes methane from engine exhaust at lower temperatures, while remaining stable at high temperatures

SJTU team investigating ammonia HCCI combustion in free piston engine

SwRI and USTA researchers to develop a novel catalyst for low-temperature SCR

Texas A&M study finds increase in cylinder-to-cylinder variation in diesel transitioning to low-temperature combustion mode

Swiss team concludes that particulate filters should be mandatory for GDI engines

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