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Extraordinarily cold temperatures in the stratosphere during the winter of 2010/2011 caused the most massive destruction of the ozone layer above the Arctic so far, according to a study by climate researchers at KIT (Karlsruhe Institute of Technology). These chemical conversion products attack the ozone layer and destroy it partly.
The rapidly growing space industry may have a greater climate effect than the aviation industry and undo repair to the protective ozone layer if left unregulated, according to a new study led by UCL and published in the journal Earth’s Future as an open-access paper. The space industry is one of the world’s fastest growing sectors.
Researchers from Northwestern University and Princeton University have explored the impact on US air quality from an aggressive conversion of internal combustion vehicles to battery-powered electric vehicles (EVs). Across scenarios, we found the more cars that transitioned to electric power, the better for summertime ozone levels.
This research, published in the journal Separation and Purification Technology , shows that ozone can be used to remove not only SO x but also NO x from fossil fuel combustion exhaust streams. In this study, to improve absorption performance of SO 2 and NO 2 , we added ozone in exhaust gas. Osaka et al.
BASF announced the commercial launch of PremAir NXT, a next-generation direct ozone reduction (DOR) catalytic coating technology for heat exchange surfaces such as radiators that can help automakers meet new US Tier 3 and California LEV III emissions reduction requirements. it converts ground-level ozone already in the air.
A) shows the base case peak concentrations for O 3 (ozone), ClNO and HCl in parts-per-billion by volume (ppbv). (B) Under extreme circumstances, this previously unknown chemistry could account for up to 40 parts per billion (ppb) of ozone; the current US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 8-hour average standard is 75 ppb.
6PPD is an antioxidant and antiozonant that helps prevent the degradation and cracking of rubber compounds caused by exposure to oxygen, ozone and temperature fluctuation. Conversely, another study indicated that zebrafish and Japanese medaka can withstand even very high amounts of 6PPD-quinone.
The settlement requires that BP address violations of Clean Air Act requirements limiting emissions of stratospheric ozone-depleting hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) from leaking cooling appliances. HCFCs and other ozone-depleting substances, when released into the environment, destroy the earth's protective stratospheric ozone layer.
The EvapTrap is part of BASF’s SULEV System Solutions portfolio which includes advanced TWC (Three Way Conversion) catalysts, PremAir direct ozone reduction catalysts and FWC (Four Way Conversion) catalysts to meet the tightest emission regulations. It is also a tamper-proof solution.
eutrophication; ET = ecological toxicity; FEC = fossil energy consumption; WU = water use; LO = land occupation; “The rest” includes acidification; smog formation; ozone layer depletion; and human health effects. GW = global warming; Eut. Credit: ACS, Yang et al. Click to enlarge.
Conversely, as air quality has improved due to regulations and technology innovations, scientists have been able to track improvements in children’s health. They did not see the same increases associated with other air pollutants, such as ozone or nitrogen dioxide.
ABuilding on the proposed stronger ambient air quality standards for ozone ( earlier post ), EPA will develop a strategy for a cleaner and more efficient power sector, with strong emission reduction goals for SO 2 , NO x , mercury and other air toxics. Expanding the Conversation on Environmentalism and Working for Environmental Justice.
One opportunity to reduce the cost of biofuels is to reduce the cost of bioenergy feedstock, which constitutes a large portion of operating costs, and increase the conversion efficiency from biomass to fuels. Such land conversion may disrupt any future potential for storing carbon in biomass and soil. Barriers and opportunities.
Here, RME show advantages for primary energy and GHG, but disadvantages in terms of acidification, eutrophication and ozone depletion. While this mainly depends on the feedstock and conversion technology, other factors including methodological assumptions also have an impact. Source: “Assessing Biofuels”. Click to enlarge.
NO x is a precursor for both ground level ozone and secondary PM 2.5 Manufacturers continue to optimize diesel emission controls, such as DOC, DPF and SCR, in order to promote uniform catalyst coating, improve NO x conversion efficiency, reduce back pressure on the engine, and reduce thermal mass.
Upon sensing greater ethanol content in the fuel, the calibration prescribed different engine operating conditions that yielded higher engine-out and catalyst temperatures during the critical cold-start period, which improved the NO x conversion efficiency of the exhaust after-treatment system. —Hubbard et al.
The on-road transportation (ORT) and power generation (PG) sectors are major contributors to CO 2 emissions and a host of short-lived radiatively-active air pollutants, including tropospheric ozone and fine aerosol particles, that exert complex influences on global climate. Unger et al. Click to enlarge.
Houston, with a mix of petrochemical facilities, sprawling suburbs, and traffic jams that stretch for miles, has some of the highest levels of ground-level ozone and other air pollutants in the United States. The article is in press in the Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres , a publication of the American Geophysical Union.
Methyl halides are naturally produced by a number of organisms; the enzyme responsible for this production—methyl halide transferase (MHT)—has been studied in the context of the environmental production of methyl halides, which contribute to ozone depletion. The second is the production of syngas by pyrolysis or microorganisms.
Development of sustainable communities strategies can also provide an opportunity for associated criteria pollutant emission reductions that will be needed to attain air quality standards for ozone and particulate matter as well as reduce near-roadway exposures.
Next-generation standards would target new reductions in emissions of NO x and non-methane hydrocarbons (HC), which are precursors to ozone and secondary particulate matter. exposure in urban areas will increase 50% by 2030, compared to 2013. Baseline and Accelerated Policy timeline for light-duty vehicles. Chambliss et al. Click to enlarge.
The 1979 Iranian crisis and related oil price shock accelerated Brazil’s conversion of its gasoline supply and automobile fleet. 80.27, “high ozone season” means the period from June 1 to September 15 of any calendar year and “regulatory control period” means the period from May 1 to September 15 of any calendar year. 40 CFR § 80.27
Up there, 10 to 50 kilometers above the Earth’s surface, ozone molecules absorb the sun’s ultraviolet light, protecting life far below. Even less is understood about the potential risks to people and the environment—could the particles deplete the ozone layer, for example, or significantly alter the weather? about 0.6 °C.
On the production side, options exist for improving technologies in terms of new feedstocks and conversion technologies as well as more efficient use of biomass. A few studies also include other relevant impact indicators as acidification potential, eutrophication potential, ozone depletion potential and various toxicity potentials.
The committee that wrote the report focused on monetizing the damage of major air pollutants—sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, ozone, and particulate matter—on human health, grain crops and timber yields, buildings, and recreation.
In 2004, the Centralina region (the Greater Charlotte metro area, which straddles the North CarolinaSouth Carolina border) was designated as a non-attainment area for ozone under the Clean Air Act. The area stood to lose billions of dollars of federal funding for a wide variety of projects if the areas air quality didnt improve.
Modern-day kids are engrossed in a world of rambling Youtube stars and have adopted that same approach in daily conversation. Two, you get out of the car and make a small conversation about ballet tutu’s for the next hour with the crazed dance mums. Buying the perfect electric car for Mums. Mum, Get a Tesla!”.
Im gonna post a couple excerpts here: Most ozone pollution is caused by motor vehicles, which account for 72% of nitrogen oxides and 52% of reactive hydrocarbons (principal components of smog). (7, but its never even been close to the amount of garbage that gas power vehicles produce. In a word, no.
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