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Researchers at Stanford University have shown that porous polymer encapsulation of metal-supported catalysts can drive the selectivity of CO 2 conversion to hydrocarbons. CO 2 (black and red) and hydrogen molecules (blue) react with the help of a ruthenium-based catalyst. Image credit: Chih-Jung Chen). —Zhou et al.
Transform Materials has developed a novel and sustainable microwave plasma reactor process to convert natural gas into high-value hydrogen and acetylene, thereby opening up a new pathway for green chemical manufacturing.
The US Department of Energy (DOE) announced $33 million in funding to support innovative hydrogen and fuel cell research & development (R&D), infrastructure supply chain development and validation, and cost analysis activities. ( Efficient and innovative hydrogen production. This would be coordinated with the H2NEW consortium.
A new study by Berkeley Lab researchers at the Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis ( JCAP ) shows that nearly 90% of the electrons generated by a new hybrid photocathode material designed to store solar energy in hydrogen are being stored in the target hydrogen molecules (Faradaic efficiency). Earlier post.) Earlier post.)
Researchers in Israel have designed a separate-cell photoelectrochemical (PEC) water-splitting system with decoupled hydrogen and oxygen cells for centralized hydrogen production. It addresses the challenges of designing, building, and optimizing the device for assessing large-scale hydrogen generation. Landman et al.
Neutron scattering analysis performed at ORNL shows the lamellar structure of a hydrogen-producing, biohybrid composite material formed by the self-assembly of naturally occurring, light harvesting proteins with polymers. This finding could be exploited for the introduction of self-repair mechanisms in future solar conversion systems.
million for 12–24 month projects with industry and academia ( DE-FOA-0000966 ) in support of innovations in fuel cell and hydrogen fuel technologies. Fuel cell–based electrochemical conversion devices for stationary energy storage (TRL 2- 5). Earlier post.). These include forecourt technologies (e.g.,
Researchers at the University of Wisconsin-Madison have developed an innovative hydrogen-producing photoelectrochemical cell (PEC), using solar-driven biomass conversion as the anode reaction. Most of the earlier work exploring the conversion of HMF into FDCA utilized aerobic oxidation using heterogeneous catalysts.
Berkeley Lab researchers, working at the Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis (JCAP), have developed the first fully integrated microfluidic test-bed for evaluating and optimizing solar-driven electrochemical energy conversion systems. Segalman (2013) Integrated microfluidic test-bed for energy conversion devices.
Methane monooxygenases (MMOs), found in methanotrophic bacteria, are selective catalysts for methane activation and conversion to methanol under mild conditions; however, these enzymes are not amenable to standard enzyme immobilization approaches. The enzymes retain up to 100% activity in the polymer construct. Blanchette et al.
When the nickel catalyst of ceramic fuel cells is used with hydrocarbon fuels, such as methane, propane, and butane, the carbon generated during fuel conversion is deposited on the surface of nickel. This worsens seriously as the temperature lowers, leading to the failure of the cell operation.
The researchers combined a copper electrocatalyst with an ionomer [polymers that conduct ions and water] assembly that intersperses sulfonate-lined paths for the H 2 O with fluorocarbon channels for the CO 2. 15) with an ethylene partial current density of 1.3 amperes per square centimeter at 45% cathodic energy efficiency.
Currently, carbon fiber (CF) reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites are used to make COPVs. COPVs designed to store hydrogen gas at pressures up to 700 bar are being deployed in fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) currently available on the market. Type III COPVs have a metallic liner and Type IV COPVs have non-metallic liners.
PEM fuel cells are good examples of energy conversion systems that have several levels of interacting functional structures. Polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells employ a hydrophobic polymer, functionalized by acidic sidechains, as the electrode separator.
In a presentation at the 1 st Conference on CO 2 as Feedstock , held last week in Essen, Germany, LanzaTech CSO Dr. In 2011, LanzaTech announced that it had demonstrated the continuous fermentation of CO 2 in the presence of hydrogen to acetic acid, using their modified microorganisms. The hydrogen serves as the energy source in this case.
Pyrolysis bio-oils are produced by the thermal decomposition of biomass by heating in the absence of oxygen at more than 500 °C; fast pyrolysis of biomass is much less expensive than biomass conversion technologies based on gasification or fermentation processes. earlier post.).
Twelve’s jet fuel, produced using its carbon transformation technology in partnership with Fischer-Tropsch conversion experts Emerging Fuels Technology ( earlier post ), is a fossil-free fuel that offers a drop-in replacement for petrochemical-based alternatives without any changes to existing plane design or commercial regulations.
As a result, there is a critical need to create new pathways for biofuel conversion that reduces carbon waste, prevents the loss of CO 2 emissions, and in turn, maximizes the amount of renewable fuel a conversion process yields. A Microbial Consortium Enables Complete Feedstock Conversion - $1,574,966.00. University of Delaware.
Researchers at The University of Texas at Arlington have been the first to demonstrate that polyaniline (PANI), a member of the organic conducting polymer family, is a promising photocathode material for the conversion of carbon dioxide into alcohol fuels without the need for a co-catalyst.
The prohibitive cost of platinum for catalyzing the ORR has hampered the widespread use of polymer electrolyte fuel cells. Eliminating platinum would solve a significant economic challenge that has hampered large-scale commercialization of hydrogen fuel cell systems. —Piotr Zelenay, corresponding author for the paper.
Fuel cells, especially polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFC), are already used in hydrogen-powered automobiles. General recycling processes for precious metals that are currently in use are also designed for these metals, in which polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells are currently largely processed.
P2G uses electrolysis of water to convert renewable energy into hydrogen, for storage and transportation to where it is needed. Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM) electrolysis is seen as a highly promising conversion method, as it is reacts rapidly to power fluctuations and is highly durable.
The following Stanford faculty members received funding for advanced research on photovoltaics, battery technologies and new catalysts for sustainable fuels: Self-healing polymers for high energy density lithium-ion batteries. Maximizing solar-to-fuel conversion efficiency in photo-electrochemical cells. Light trapping in high?efficiency,
The complete Blue World system includes the fuel cell stack, the methanol reformer, heat-exchanger, power conversion units and a set of power and operation controllers, and balance of plant. Methanol reforming converts a mix of methanol and water into a hydrogen-rich gas. The MEA is one of the core components in a fuel cell stack.
The three-member team used a membrane-electrode assembly in which the polymer bipolar membrane is compressed between two rigid porous electrodes, allowing them to make a large number of bipolar membranes with different water dissociation catalyst layers. —Sebastian Oener. —Sebastian Oener.
This would break down lignin—a recalcitrant biomass polymer that consists of a network of nine hydrocarbon units connected by C-O bonds. We anticipated that the low reactivity of homogeneous catalysts toward hydrogenation of aromatic rings would prevent competitive formation of cycloalkanes and cycloalkanols from such a process.
Scientists from Stanford University, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and the Technical University of Denmark have identified a new nickel-gallium catalyst that converts hydrogen and carbon dioxide into methanol at ambient pressure and with fewer side-products than the conventional catalyst. —lead author Felix Studt, SLAC.
The Energy Department (DOE) recently announced $10 million, subject to appropriations, to support the launch of the HydroGEN Advanced Water Splitting Materials Consortium ( HydroGEN ). Currently, the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) funds research and development of low-carbon hydrogen production pathways.
CTV is developing proprietary technology and catalysts for the conversion of lignin into hydrocarbon components for transportation fuels. One example of a reductant for the hydroprocessor is hydrogen, which can be obtained from the same source providing hydrogen for other refinery processes. Jim Flatt, President of Mascoma.
The findings could spur progress on developing a variety of materials and designs for electrochemical carbon dioxide conversion systems. There are several ways to do such conversions, including electrochemical, thermocatalytic, photothermal, or photochemical processes—each with their own problems or challenges.
Gevo’s ETO technology, which uses ethanol as a feedstock, produces tailored mixes of propylene, isobutylene and hydrogen, which are valuable as standalone molecules, or as feedstocks to produce other products such as diesel fuel and commodity plastics, that would be drop-in replacements for their fossil-based equivalents. KT of Acetone, or.
Understanding how the gut microbiome populations interact to deconstruct lignocellulosic materials to sugars or potential biofuels such as hydrogen and methane could potentially aid in the optimization of industrial cellulosic degradation. —Jennifer Pett-Ridge, a Lawrence Livermore National Lab biogeochemist and a co-author.
The Chemours Company, a global chemistry company, plans to enter into a joint venture with BWT FUMATECH Mobility GmbH, an established player in multiple hydrogen markets, focused on fuel cell membrane manufacturing. Completion of the transaction is subject to customary regulatory approvals. The joint venture—THE Mobility F.C.
The demo plant incorporates the entire process chain, and comprises four separate units: a solar power plant; equipment for separating carbon dioxide and water from the air; a section that uses electrolysis to produce hydrogen; and synthesis equipment for producing a crude-oil substitute from carbon dioxide and hydrogen.
Researchers at Stanford University have developed a new low-voltage, single-catalyst water splitter that continuously generates hydrogen and oxygen. Currently, the state-of-the-art catalysts to split water are IrO 2 and Pt for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), respectively, with ~1.5 V volt battery.
The US Department of Energy (DOE) awarded nearly $34 million to 19 industry- and university-led research projects that will advance technology solutions to make clean hydrogen a more available and affordable fuel for electricity generation, industrial decarbonization, and transportation. Earlier post.)
Plant cell walls resist chemical or biological degradation, making the breakdown of lignocellulosic biomass into renewable chemical precursors for conversion into chemicals and transportation fuels challenging and costly. As a result, economically viable methods of transforming biomass into biofuels have yet to be realized.
Key components of the portfolio include: R&D of a sustainable, high-quality feedstock supply system; R&D of biomass conversion technologies; Industrial-scale demonstration and validation of integrated biorefineries; and. Bio-hydrocarbons Bio-hydrogen Bio-polymers Biomass Biorefinery Fuels'
The photoreactors have a low level of complexity, are readily manufacturable via mass fabrication techniques in polymers, and are easy to adapt to diverse photocatalysts. Until now, however, the technology has mainly been found in the laboratory because the costs of producing solar hydrogen were simply too high. Kant et al.
Furthermore, Eni and Pertamina agreed to explore and discuss collaboration in the field of recycle and re-use: water treatment and re-use processes and polymer recycling technologies, also pursuing eco-design processes to maximize final products recycle.
Researchers at Northwestern University have developed a new approach for creating new catalysts to aid in clean energy conversion and storage. In this study, researchers looked at the challenges of improving affordability and catalyst efficiency in the conversion and storage of clean energy. —Huang et al. —Huang et al.
The US Department of Energy (DOE) announced ( DOE-FOA-0001224 ) up to $35 million in available funding to advance fuel cell and hydrogen technologies, and to enable early adoption of fuel cell applications, such as light duty fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs). Subtopics include Microbial Biomass Conversion. Earlier post.).
Biomass conversion is one of the most affordable routes to generate sustainable H 2 , but this process requires the demanding chemical transformation of lignocellulose. In the interest of increasing the selectivity and efficiency of this conversion, it is possible to replace the thermal input with sunlight.
The ATJ task force consists of technical experts from a wide stakeholder group including jet engine manufacturers, governmental bodies, fuel manufacturers, third-party testing laboratories, academics and airframe manufacturers investigating the requirements for a third major pathway to renewable drop-in jet fuel: the conversion of alcohols.
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