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A study by a team of researchers from Technische Universität Berlin (TUB) and Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft has found that direct seawater splitting for hydrogen production has substantial drawbacks compared to conventional water splitting and offers almost no advantage. Additionally, H 2 O is needed for water splitting.
The nanostructured photoelectrode results in spontaneous hydrogen evolution from water without any external bias applied with a faradaic efficiency of 30% and excellent stability. The greatest challenge is to develop a suitable technology for large scale and cost effective solar fuel production to compete with fossil fuel.
Stanford researchers, with a colleague from King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, have developed a simple and environmentally sound way to make ammonia with tiny droplets of water and nitrogen from the air. The conversion rate reaches 32.9 ± 1.38 Water microdroplets are the hydrogen source for N 2 in contact with Fe 3 O 4.
British EV technology company Electrogenic, known for its classic car EV conversions, has expanded its range of drop-in conversion kits with a cost-effective plug and play solution to electrify the classic Mini.Electrogenic’s kit converts the automotive icon to electric drive from just £15,000 (US$18,800) plus VAT.
reports that it has achieved full conversion ( 99% + ) of king grass cellulosic material to water soluble sugars on a repeatable basis. This conversion occurs with a reaction time of less than one minute. Full conversion is the most efficient use of the feedstock possible and exceeds earlier projections.
Researchers in Israel have designed a separate-cell photoelectrochemical (PEC) water-splitting system with decoupled hydrogen and oxygen cells for centralized hydrogen production. Despite the high efficiency, the device’s complexity and cost makes its upscale potential impractical. —Landman et al.
Researchers at the University of Cambridge, with colleagues at the University of Tokyo, have developed a standalone device that converts sunlight, carbon dioxide and water into formic acid, a carbon-neutral fuel, without requiring any additional components or electricity. —senior author Professor Erwin Reisner. Qian Wang et al.
Michael Grätzel at EPFL (Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne) in Switzerland has developed a highly efficient and low-costwater-splitting cell combining an advanced perovskite tandem solar cell and a bi-functional Earth-abundant catalyst. conversion efficiency from solar energy to hydrogen, a record with earth-abundant materials.
By using a water-lean post-combustion capture solvent, (N-(2-ethoxyethyl)-3-morpholinopropan-1-amine) (2-EEMPA), they achieved a greater than 90% conversion of captured CO 2 to hydrocarbons—mostly methane—in the presence of a heterogenous Ru catalyst under relatively mild reaction conditions (170 °C and 2 pressure).
Scientists at Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Korea, have developed a novel heterostructured photocatalyst using titanium and copper, two abundant and relatively inexpensive metals, for the conversion of CO 2 into CH 4. Apart from its CO 2 conversion capabilities, the proposed photocatalyst has other benefits.
0002823 ) to support the extraction and conversion of lithium from geothermal brines to use in batteries for stationary storage and electric vehicles. This funding opportunity will support technologies to extract battery-grade lithium from geothermal brines directly—providing a cost-effective, domestic source of this critical material.
ReactWell , LLC, has licensed a novel waste-to-fuel technology from the Department of Energy’s Oak Ridge National Laboratory to improve energy conversion methods for cleaner, more efficient oil and gas, chemical and bioenergy production. —Brandon Iglesias, inventor of the ReactWell process.
The new PNNL carbon capture and conversion system brings the cost to capture CO 2 down to about $39 per metric ton. This is the first known demonstration of integrated low-temperature thermocatalytic capture and conversion of CO 2 to methanol in an economically viable CO 2 capture solvent. gal ($470/metric ton), is presented.
Researchers from the University of Houston (UH) have developed a cobalt(II) oxide (CoO) nanocrystalline catalyst that can carry out overall water splitting with a solar-to-hydrogen efficiency of around 5%. The generation of hydrogen from water using sunlight could potentially form the basis of a clean and renewable source of energy.
The ability to create gasoline from air, cost competitively with fossil fuels, is a game changer. The conversion of CO 2 to fuels in these inexpensive water-based systems has shown high faradic efficiencies for reduction of CO 2. The separation of ethanol and other fuel products from water.
In this regard, photocatalytic water splitting has attracted significant interest as a cost-effective means to convert sustainable solar energy into valuable chemicals. Photocatalytic water splitting has attracted great interest as a means of cost-effective conversion of sustainable solar energy to valuable chemicals.
Carbon dioxide capture company AirCapture and carbon dioxide conversion company OCOchem, along with other partners, have won a $2.93-million OCOchem transforms recycled CO 2 , water and zero-carbon electricity to produce formic acid, a globally traded commodity chemical and emerging electro-fuel.
Now, researchers at Imperial College London have shown that bioethanol production from bamboo in China is both technically and economically feasible, as well as cost-competitive with gasoline. These data were then used as inputs to a techno-economic model using AspenPlus to determine the production cost of bioethanol from bamboo in China.
Joule, the developer of a direct, single-step, continuous process for the production of solar hydrocarbon fuels ( earlier post ), has extended its solar CO 2 conversion platform to produce renewable gasoline- and jet fuel-range hydrocarbons. billion for refiners, according to the American Fuel and Petrochemical Manufacturers (AFPM).
The mesh with BiVO 4 nanowire photoanode for water oxidation and Rh-SrTiO 3 nanowire photocathode for water reduction produces hydrogen gas without an electron mediator. an “artificial leaf” to produce hydrogen—based on a nanowire mesh that lends itself to large-scale, low-cost production. Credit: ACS, Liu et al.
Researchers from the University of North Carolina have synthesized high-photovoltage multijunction Si nanowires (SiNWs) that are co-functionalized to split water catalytically. When integrated with the co-catalysts and suspended in water, these light-activated nanoreactors produced hydrogen gas under visible and infrared light.
In collaboration with NE, DOE’s Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technologies Office will provide funding and project oversight for the two hydrogen production–related projects that were selected: General Electric Global Research, Scaled Solid Oxide Co-Electrolysis for Low-Cost Syngas Synthesis from Nuclear Energy.
Researchers from the US Department of Energy’s (DOE) Argonne National Laboratory have combined two membrane-bound protein complexes to perform a complete conversion of water molecules to hydrogen and oxygen. The new cobalt or nickel catalysts could significantly reduce potential costs. Utschig, Sarah R. Soltau, Karen L.
With efficiencies above 90%, Topsoe’s proprietary SOEC electrolyzers offer superior performance in electrolysis of water into hydrogen—e.g., Solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC) technology is attractive because of unrivaled conversion efficiencies—a result of favorable thermodynamics and kinetics at higher operating temperatures.
In a paper in Nature , they suggest that the use of such redox-active organic molecules instead of redox-active metals represents a new and promising direction for realizing massive electrical energy storage at greatly reduced cost. The design permits larger amounts of energy to be stored at lower cost than with traditional batteries.
Using a hematite photocatalyst, a team led by researchers from Kobe University has succeeded in producing both hydrogen gas and hydrogen peroxide at the same time from sunlight and water. It has been pointed out that even if this efficiency is achieved, the cost of hydrogen will not reach the desired value. under 600nm).
Recent breakthroughs in separations and catalysis, along with long-trend reductions in solar and wind electricity costs, have significantly increased the potential for cost-competitive renewable fuels from direct air capture (DAC) of CO 2. The separation of ethanol and other fuel products from water. —Rob McGinnis.
Schematic comparing the cost and dispatchability of PV to CSP with thermal storage. The “PV+Storage” box includes the high cost of electrical storage for PV. Concentrating solar power (CSP), solar heating and solar hot water applications combined contribute less than 0.1% Source: ARPA-E. Click to enlarge.
While Ni metal catalyzes the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) exclusively under CO 2 RR conditions, Ni single atomic sites present a high CO selectivity of 95% under an overpotential of 550 mV in water, and an excellent stability over 20 hours’ continuous electrolysis. The current density can be scaled up to more than 50 mA cm?2
These opportunities could drive the production of valuable fuels, chemicals, and products, provide greater cost savings, increase grid flexibility, and enhance environmental performance across a range of DOE-funded technologies. using electrical or thermal energy to produce hydrogen from water or a methane source). Source: DOE.
Porous carbon based layers have become standard electrode materials in many energy conversion and storage applications. For the proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), an optimal balance of water level is critical for high performance and durability. A paper on their work is published in the journal Applied Surface Science.
Ethanol conversion to hydrocarbons as a function of temp. Benefits of the catalyst technology include: A single step conversion of ethanol into a hydrocarbon blend stock without the addition of hydrogen. Graph showing hydrocarbon distribution in product stream of 10% ethanol after catalytic conversion over Cu-ZSM-5 at 400° C at 12.5
These changes eliminate the need for carbon sequestration and reduce the system’s feed-stock handling costs and complexity. The feed-stock reduction is achieved primarily by supplementing the process with oxygen and hydrogen produced by water electrolysis units that are powered by clean wind and solar generated electricity.
The production costs for most chemicals via microbial fermentation are currently high compared to oil-derived products primarily because of operating costs associated with feedstock and feedstock processing. One way to mitigate high feedstock cost is to maximize conversion into the bioproduct of interest.
Hydrokinetic energy is an abundant renewable resource that can boost grid resiliency and reduce infrastructure vulnerability, but it is currently a cost prohibitive option compared to other energy generating sources. These methodologies will significantly decrease the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) of the final HKT design.
DE-FOA-0002423 ) Topic Areas ins the FOA support DOE’s Bioenergy Technologies Office’s (BETO’s) objectives to reduce the minimum selling price of drop-in biofuels, lower the cost of biopower, and enable high-value products from biomass or waste resources. Development of novel methods for rapid/real-time measurements.
Israel-based NewCO2Fuels (NCF), a subsidiary of GreenEarth Energy Limited in Australia, reported completion of stage 1 testing of its proof-of-concept system for the conversion of CO 2 into fuels using solar energy. Simultaneously, the same device can dissociate water (H 2 O) to hydrogen (H 2 ) and oxygen (O 2 ). Click to enlarge.
This integrated design increases productivity and lowers equipment costs. But with the high cost of platinum, the team needed a catalyst that could lower production costs to around two dollars per kilogram of hydrogen. The catalyst also worked with wastewater, another ubiquitous resource.
Manufacturers continue to optimize diesel emission controls, such as DOC, DPF and SCR, in order to promote uniform catalyst coating, improve NO x conversion efficiency, reduce back pressure on the engine, and reduce thermal mass. CO 2 and NO x certification test data for heavy-duty diesel engines certified from 2002 through 2019.
Bi 0.73 ) achieved 95% methane conversion at 1065°C in a 1.1-meter Under these conditions, the equilibrium conversion is 98%. When the temperature was reduced to 1040 °C, the CH 4 conversion decreased to 86%. Higher conversions, at higher temperatures, were not possible because of Mg evaporation. —Upham et al.
A team of researchers from the University of Houston and the California Institute of Technology has developed an active and durable earth-abundant transition metal dichalcogenide-based hybrid catalyst for water-splitting that exhibits high hydrogen evolution activity approaching the state-of-the-art platinum catalysts. —Zhou et al.
Benjamin Kingsbury and colleagues at Imperial College London could cut the size and precious metal loading of the devices in automobiles while reducing fuel consumption and and manufacturing costs. The new substrate can use up to 80% less rare metal, a development that could significantly reduce costs for vehicle manufacturers.
Researchers from the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) and their Canadian partners have designed a low-cost photoreactor design for solar-driven synthesis. Until now, however, the technology has mainly been found in the laboratory because the costs of producing solar hydrogen were simply too high. Kant et al.
Traditional conversion technologies of algal biomass to biofuels have mainly included lipid extraction or pyrolysis for biodiesel, hydrotreated renewable diesel, or bio-oil production. A wet whole cell conversion pathway, hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL), has gained popularity in the past few years. The yield of biocrude was 44.5 ± 4.7%
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