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The US Department of Energy (DOE) announced up to $25 million in funding to reduce the cost of algal biofuels to less than $5 per gasoline gallon equivalent (gge) by 2019. Additionally, algae can be used to make a range of other valuable bioproducts, such as industrial chemicals, bio-based polymers, and proteins. Earlier post.).
The Nitto Denko, Kobe University project is entitled “R&D into Polymer Membrane-integrated System for Distillation and Dehydration of Cellulosic Bioethanol”.
Overall, this study suggests that marine cellulases offer significant potential for utilization in high-solids industrial biomass conversion processes. To create liquid fuel from woody biomass such as wood and straw, the polysaccharides (sugar polymers) that make up the bulk of these materials have to be broken down into simple sugars.
Carbon fibers are polymers that are typically made from petroleum and natural gas feedstocks (propylene and ammonia, respectively) that react to form acrylonitrile (ACN) which is then polymerized and spun into polyacrylonitrile (PAN). The goal of the FOA is to enable technologies that can produce bio-ACN at a modeled cost of $1.00/pound
The Precourt Institute for Energy, the umbrella organization for energy research and education at Stanford, will fund the following four studies: Nanostructured Polymers for High-Performance Batteries. This project explores the use of specially designed nanostructured polymers to make high-energy, low-cost, flexible and stretchable batteries.
As described in multiple DOE reports, the main barriers to widespread PEV commercialization are the cost; performance and life; and abuse tolerance of high?energy Specifically: the current cost of high?energy Most critical is the cost of the carbon fiber. The cost to manufacture the carbon fiber is high. energy batteries.
Pyrolysis bio-oils are produced by the thermal decomposition of biomass by heating in the absence of oxygen at more than 500 °C; fast pyrolysis of biomass is much less expensive than biomass conversion technologies based on gasification or fermentation processes. The gasoline-range alcohols can be high-octane gasoline additives.
DOE is inviting applications for novel cathode Platinum Group Metal (PGM)-free catalysts for the oxygen reaction and PGM-free cathode membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) for low-temperature and high-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) and phosphoric acid fuel cells (PAFCs).
Using less energy to capture and remove carbon, the material has the potential to reduce the cost of the technology and eventually support commercial applications. For CO 2 capture, steam stripping—where you use direct contact with steam to take off the CO 2 —has been a sort of holy grail for the field.
The prohibitive cost of platinum for catalyzing the ORR has hampered the widespread use of polymer electrolyte fuel cells. Inefficient conversion of the fuels, which generates hydrogen peroxide, can reduce power output by up to 50%, and also has the potential to destroy fuel cell membranes.
Gevo has a low capital cost retrofit strategy for ethanol plants to produce isobutanol for direct use; for use in the production of plastics, materials, rubber and other polymers; and for use in the production of hydrocarbon fuels. Isobutanol for the production of plastics, fibers, rubber and other polymers. Click to enlarge.
These materials may replace fabrics, adhesives, reinforcement fibers, polymers, and other, more conventional, materials. Bio-based polymers can be made from a variety of sources including soybean, castor bean, corn, and sugar cane. Challenges with bio-based plastics.
This newly acquired SGI technology includes methods for highly parallelized, low-cost oligonucleotide synthesis and retrieval of sequence-validated DNA. Craig Venter, Ph.D., Founder and CEO, SGI. SGI is also involved in synthetically derived vaccine development through Synthetic Genomic Vaccines Inc.
The US currently relies heavily on importing advanced battery components from abroad, which exposes the nation to supply chain vulnerabilities that threaten to disrupt the availability and cost of these technologies. Ion Conductive High Li+ Transference Number Polymer Composites for Solid-State Batteries.
The purpose of the RFI is to identify future strategic research and development pathways for the DOE to pursue with potential to meet future system cost targets. Currently, carbon fiber (CF) reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites are used to make COPVs. The conversion process of PAN precursor to CF is also energy intensive.
One area where metabolic engineering has a sizable advantage over synthetic organic chemistry is in the production of natural products, particularly active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), some of which are too complex to be chemically synthesized and yet have a value that justifies the cost of developing a genetically engineered microorganism.
Total cost of the project will be €8.2 The production of ethanol by fermentation consists of four stages: the pre-processing of the raw material; the conversion of carbohydrates from polymers into sugar; the fermentation of sugar into ethanol using microbes; and the distillation of ethanol. Click to enlarge. million (US$8.4
A) SEM image of the CNT membrane surface, showing CNT tips emerging from the polymer. The difficulty and high cost of making CNT membranes has confined them to university laboratories and has been frequently cited as the limiting factor in their widespread use. Images of the membranes tested in the study. (A)
Algae is favorable to petroleum from an environmental standpoint but the production cost of culturing, collecting, extracting and refining adds up to make it too expensive for practical use. There is no need for a solvent for extraction or purification, significantly simplifying and decreasing the cost of processing.
If successful, the project will lower the cost of high quality carbon fibers by more than 50%, opening opportunities for widespread application of carbon fibers in previously cost-prohibited areas, specifically in composite overwrapped pressure vessels for hydrogen storage.
Researchers from the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) and their Canadian partners have designed a low-cost photoreactor design for solar-driven synthesis. The photoreactors have a low level of complexity, are readily manufacturable via mass fabrication techniques in polymers, and are easy to adapt to diverse photocatalysts.
Carbon fiber currently is produced by converting a carbon-containing polymer precursor fiber to pure carbon fiber through a carefully controlled series of heating and stretching steps.
In particular, IONICS projects will work to improve energy storage and conversion technologies in three categories: transportation batteries, grid-level storage, and fuel cells. Large Area Lithium Electrode Sub-Assemblies (LESAs) Protected by Self-Forming Microstructured Polymer-Inorganic Single-Ion Conducting Composites. 3,000,000.
This project will develop a novel low cost route to carbon fiber using a lignin/PAN hybrid precursor and carbon fiber conversion technologies leading to high performance, low-cost carbon fiber. Increased availability of low cost carbon fiber can enable vehicle weight reduction and improvement in fuel economy. 3M Company.
The project was supported by the Carbon Trust as part of the Polymer Fuel Cells Challenge. Increasing power density is a critical factor in reducing the cost of fuel cells. In addition, high power density has been developed at higher cell voltages providing higher overall conversion efficiency. cm 2 ) or air (>2.1W/cm
These catalysts exhibit better performance than platinum in the oxygen-reduction reaction (ORR) important for fuel cells at 10% of the production cost of a platinum catalyst, the team said. As electrocatalysts of PEFCs, carbon-supported platinum-based nanoparticles have been used predominantly in anode as well as cathode electrodes.
Additionally, many chemicals relied upon for transportation (such as oils and lubricants) as well as other commodity chemicals and polymer precursors are, and will likely remain, carbon-based. By 2040, enable large-scale biomass production and conversion that allows biofuels to constitute 25% of the US transportation fuel market.
The goal of the project is to continue to develop a circular carbon economy that replaces the petroleum-based chemicals in consumer products with algae-derived and biodegradable polymers. This project will demonstrate the conversion of gaseous carbon wood wastes (terpenes) to renewable Terpenes SAF blending components. Viridos, Inc.,
Cellulases (enzymes) deconstruct lignocellulosic biomass for conversion to biofuels such as cellulosic ethanol and biochemicals. However, lignin, an organic polymer in biomass that binds to and strengthens plant fibers, inactivates the cellulase enzymes via non-productive binding interactions. —Shishir Chundawat.
million metric tons per year production of a wide product range of polymers and plastics. The cost of the project is estimated around US$35 million (RMB 225 million). Methanol is the main raw material used in Jiangsu Sailboat’s existing 2.4 These include products used for making solar panels and plexiglass.
Also, the cost of the non-stack subsystems has been estimated to be about 50% in automotive fuel cell propulsion systems and in stationary backup power systems. However, advances are required to reduce the cost of these fuel cell systems. Catalysts are key cost components for both stationary and transportation PEM fuel cells.
Researchers at the Department of Energy’s Oak Ridge National Laboratory have demonstrated a production method they estimate will reduce the cost of carbon fiber as much as 50% and the energy used in its production by more than 60%.
Whereas high temperature operation typically results in reversible conversation of H 2 and O 2 to water or complete oxidation of CH 4 to H 2 and CO 2 , intermediate temperatures could enable partial oxidation of CH 4 to CH 3 OH or the formation of carbon-carbon bonds to make other liquid fuels or higher value chemicals.
The selected projects will focus on technologies such as revolutionizing fuel cells for light- and heavy-duty vehicles, and technologies to generate less nuclear waste and reduce the cost of fuel. 3D-Printed Ceramic Thermocatalytic CO 2 Reactor with High Carbon Conversion and Energy Efficiencies - $3,100,104. Stanford University.
The project will attempt to achieve DOE’s transformational carbon capture performance goal of CO 2 capture with 95 percent CO 2 purity at a cost of $30 per tonne. Georgia Tech Research Corporation plans to develop and test MIL-101(Cr)-based sorbents in the form of powders, in composite polymer/MOF fibers and on the surface of monoliths.
The first hydrogen TTO is focused on durable, high activity electrocatalyst with low platinum content and low cost for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell applications. Conventional polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell technology requires high content of platinum electrocatalyst, which raises manufacturing costs.
Tesla is proposing a step-change in the capability and cost of silicon anode materials by moving to raw metallurgical silicon, thereby cutting out the expense of the other current highly engineered materials. Tesla says that it will stabilize the surface of the silicon with elastic on a conductive polymer coating.
Using an inexpensive polymer called melamine, researchers from UC Berkeley, Texas A&M and Stanford have created a cheap, easy and energy-efficient way to capture carbon dioxide from smokestacks. The low cost of porous melamine means that the material could be deployed widely.
An expensive barrier is needed to separate the two electrolytes, adding to the cost of the device, said graduate student Haotian Wang, lead author of the study. Our water splitter is unique, because we only use one catalyst, nickel-iron oxide, for both electrodes.
The drive unit’s high efficiency means low costs of ownership: Fuel costs compared with an equivalent gasoline engine are much lower, at around €4 (US $4.70) per 100 kilometers (62.1 In gasoline mode, these figures are 5.6 liters per 100 kilometers (42.0 mpg US) and 126 grams of CO 2 per kilometer (202.8 kilogram (1.3 mi) available.
To release the sugars locked into the cellulose polymers in biomass, producers use both physical and chemical methods, with physical chemical pretreatment processes followed by enzymatic hydrolysis being the most common, note Raines and Binder.
REFUEL projects will convert low-cost renewable energy into a transportable chemical fuel and use these fuels for transportation applications, while reducing production costs and environmental impact. Renewable Electricity-Powered Carbon Dioxide Conversion to Ethanol for Storage and Transportation (Category 1) The Opus 12, Inc.
The conversion is an essential step in steel production and the most emissions-spewing part. The plummeting cost of photovoltaic panels and wind turbines, for example, has led to more affordable renewable electricity. Continuing with conventional methods risks undermining progress toward environmental goals.
If successfully developed, this transformational new energy storage technology would greatly reduce the cost of hybrid and electric vehicles. Sustainable, High-Energy Density, Low-Cost Electrochemical Energy Storage: Metal-Air Ionic Liquid (MAIL) Batteries. Towards Scale Solar Conversion of CO 2 and Water Vapor to Hydrocarbon Fuels.
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