Comparison, Waste and Water

Pitt engineers using membrane distillation to recycle water used in fracking and drilling

Green Car Congress

JUNE 8, 2022

Engineers at the University of Pittsburgh Swanson School of Engineering are using membrane distillation technology to enable drillers to filter and reuse the produced water in the oil and gas industry, in agriculture, and other beneficial uses. The method is already being tested in Texas, North Dakota, and most recently in New Stanton, Pa.

Water

Water North Dakota Oil-Sands Engine

Lifecycle Study Finds Algae as Bioenergy Feedstock Has Higher Environmental Impacts than Conventional Crops in Energy Use, GHG Emissions, and Water Use; The Importance of Using Waste Streams

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 19, 2010

Terrestrial bioenergy feedstock crops such as switchgrass, canola and corn have lower environmental lifecycle impacts than algae in energy use, greenhouse gas emissions, and water regardless of cultivation location, according to a new lifecycle assessment by researchers at the University of Virginia. 0.4 ± 0.05. 1.8 ± 0.58. 3.3 ± 0.86.

Water

Water Waste Energy Emissions

ARPA-E adds five new funding topics to FOA to advance critical energy innovation

Green Car Congress

MAY 30, 2020

Waste into X (WiX); $5.0 With nearly 2 billion tons of municipal solid waste (MSW) generated globally, this feedstock may constitute the largest resource for the recovery of CMs and other metals. Schematic showing the solid streams in ARPA-E’s conceptualization of zero waste going to landfill. million; 1-5 awards.

Energy

Energy Waste Carbon Emissions

Waste oil power generator from Cyclone Power Technologies and Phoenix Power Group shows lower emissions than conventional diesel generator

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 2, 2010

Cyclone Power Technologies and its licensee Phoenix Power Group (PPG) have announced positive results of preliminary emissions testing of the combustion system of the Phoenix 10, the first small-scale waste oil power generator. Acceptable emissions of SO 2 and NO x required by many state environmental agencies are below 5 tons per year.

Phoenix

Phoenix Waste Oil Power

Ford cuts manufacturing energy use 22% in 6 years; targeting additional 25% Drop by 2016

Green Car Congress

JUNE 16, 2012

Other successful initiatives—highlighted in Ford’s 13th annual Sustainability Report—include reductions in water use, waste-to-landfill and CO 2 emissions as well as improvements in vehicle fuel economy and safety. A total of 37 fabrics now meet the requirements and have been incorporated into Ford vehicles.

2016

2016 Ford Manufacturer Energy

Hatch report finds NOVONIX dry cathode synthesis process offers cost and waste reduction improvements

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 12, 2023

a global engineering consultancy firm, has delivered its report that evaluates NOVONIX’s all-dry, zero-waste cathode synthesis process. The Hatch study found that NOVONIX’s process may potentially reduce power consumption by an estimated 25% and practically eliminate waste byproduct generation over the conventional process.

Waste

Waste Lithium Ion Sodium Water

PNNL study finds algal oil could replace 17% of US petroleum oil imports

Green Car Congress

APRIL 13, 2011

The study also found that shows that water use for algae cultivation is much less if algae are grown in the US regions that have the sunniest and most humid climates: the Gulf Coast, the Southeastern Seaboard and the Great Lakes. The paper is published in the journal Water Resources Research. gallons of water per mile driven.

Oil

Oil Water South Carolina Climate

New version of Argonne lifecycle model for water footprint of biofuels now includes cellulosic feedstocks

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 16, 2015

of the online tool Water Assessment for Transportation Energy Resources ( WATER ) this week. This latest version of WATER allows, for the first time, biofuels manufacturers to analyze water consumption associated with use of cellulosic feedstocks such as residue left from lumber production and other wood-based resources.

Water

Water Conversion Carbon Fuel

Tesla Giga Berlin uses half as much water as asparagus farm

Teslarati

MARCH 11, 2024

Tesla Giga Berlin’s water consumption has been a massive trigger for the facility’s most ardent critics. As per a report from German news outlet BZ , Giga Berlin has been accused of using too much water and discharging dirty wastewater into the community’s sewage system. million cubic meters of water. cubic meters.

Water

Water Tesla MIT Coal

Study finds relying on “local food” a distant dream for most of the world

Green Car Congress

APRIL 20, 2020

In comparison, the global average is about 3,800 kilometers. The researchers modeled globally the distances between production and the consumer for both normal production conditions and scenarios where production chains become more efficient due to reduced food waste and improved farming methods. —Pekka Kinnunen, lead author.

Universal

Universal Global Waste North America

bp begins shipping LNG from Mozambique’s first LNG project and first FLNG platform

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 15, 2022

bp has successfully loaded the first LNG cargo from Mozambique’s offshore Coral Sul FLNG (floating liquefied natural gas) facility, the country’s first LNG project and first floating LNG facility deployed in the ultra-deep waters of the African continent. FLNG vessels are floating LNG production, storage and offloading units.

Mozambique

Mozambique Gas-Electric Gas Waste

Global Bioenergy Partnership publishes report on 24 sustainability indicators for bioenergy: electricity, heat and transport

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 16, 2012

Outlines the approach for collecting and analyzing the data needed to evaluate the indicator and for making relevant comparisons to other energy options or agricultural systems. Water use and efficiency. Water quality. Percentages of bioenergy from yield increases, residues, wastes and degraded or contaminated land.

Transportation

Transportation Global Water Pollution

Norwegian startup Blastr plans €4B green steel plant in Finland

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 5, 2023

The area has excellent conditions for industrial activities: a deep-water harbor and an excellent electricity transmission network. We will systematically address all parts of the value chain to reduce overall carbon footprint, reduce waste and develop circular solutions. The production is planned to start by end of 2026.

Finland

Finland Green Coal Hydrogen

KPMG study identifies 10 sustainability “megaforces” with accelerating impacts on business; imperative of sustainability changing the automotive business radically

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 15, 2012

The KPMG study, “Expect the Unexpected: Building Business Value in a Changing World”, explores issues such as climate change, energy and fuel volatility, water availability and cost and resource availability, as well as population growth spawning new urban centers. Population Growth: The world population is expected to grow to 8.4

Climate Change

Climate Change Water Climate Global

Joules solar fuels process can produce up to 15,000 gallons of renewable diesel/acre/year; 5-50X greater conversion efficiency than any biomass-dependent process

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 17, 2011

Schematic comparison between direct photosynthetic (top) and algal biomass (bottom) processes. The process is closed and uses industrial waste CO 2 at concentrations 50–100 times higher than atmospheric. Source: Robertson et al. Click to enlarge. Source: Robertson et al. Click to enlarge.

Conversion

Conversion Solar Diesel Renewable

U Toronto and Fujitsu team use quantum-inspired computing to discover improved catalyst for hydrogen production

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 18, 2022

Green hydrogen is a carbon-free method that uses an electrolyzer to split water into hydrogen and oxygen gas. The low efficiency of available electrolyzers means that most of the energy in the water-splitting step is wasted as heat, rather than being captured in the hydrogen.

Hydrogen

Hydrogen Production Store Design

MAHLE developing portfolio of solutions for fuel cell drives in commercial vehicles

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 14, 2018

Promising avenues include weight savings and extension of the cruising range in comparison with battery-powered solutions; fuel cell concepts may represent an attractive option for long-distance hauling, which requires heavy loads and large cruising ranges. As a result, the charge air coolers used must be resistant to ionized water.

Commercial

Commercial Fuel Vehicles Water

DeepGreen lifecycle analysis argues for sourcing EV battery materials from deep-sea polymetallic nodules

Green Car Congress

APRIL 23, 2020

100% reduction in solid waste. Polymetallic nodules are hard, compact lumps of matter formed through precipitation and interactions of water contained in seafloor sediments (pore waters) and more oxidized seawaters. Reinjection of deep seawater used for vertical transport in the mid-water column. 94% less land use.

Batteries

Batteries Battery Tonga Water

USDA provides $91M loan guarantee to Cool Planet for biogasoline blendstock plant; biomass pyrolysis and catalytic conversion

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 5, 2014

Gas chromatography comparison of Conoco fuel and a Conoco-CoolPlanet blend. The output from each catalytic array when cooled is comprised of volatile gases, renewable fuel and water. This excess carbon is highly porous and has beneficial water and nutrient retaining capabilities. Source: Cool Planet. Click to enlarge.

Conversion

Conversion Renewable Water Gasoline

Life cycle study calculates Algenols algae-to-ethanol process can deliver 67% to 87% reduction in carbon footprint compared to gasoline

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 25, 2010

Algenol Biofuels’ Direct to Ethanol technology is based on an intracellular photosynthetic process in cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) that produces ethanol that is excreted through the cell walls, collected from closed photobioreactors as a dilute ethanol-in-water solution, and purified to fuel grade ethanol. Algenol algae.

Carbon

Carbon Gasoline Gas-Electric Gasoline-Electric

INL team develops efficient method for separating rare earth elements and transition metals in magnet scrap

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 3, 2022

This separation process involves low energy and reagent requirements and does not contribute to waste generation. Reaction temperature is controlled via a water bath, recirculation is carried out through a gear pump, and crystallization of metal salts occurs on the nucleation scaffold. —Stetson et al. atmospheres.

Idaho

Idaho Waste Gas Water

FCA says Jeep Wrangler environmental impact reduced by 15% compared to predecessor

Green Car Congress

MAY 12, 2020

The comparison was made with the previous-generation Wrangler Unlimited, as powered by its only available engine—FCA’s award-winning 3.6-liter Among the highlights, FCA cut its water use by nearly 40%, compared with 2010. 2020 Jeep Wrangler Freedom Edition.

Jeep

Jeep MPG 2020 Fuel Economy

Final session on international mercury convention this week expected to culminate in agreement; UNEP Global Mercury Assessment 2013 finds industrial source Hg emissions may be rising

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 13, 2013

Comparison of Hg emissions in 2005 and 2010, by selected sector and region. Intentional-use sectors: Disposal and incineration of product waste, cremation emissions, chlor-alkali industry. Anthropogenic releases of mercury to water total 1000 tonnes at a minimum. Source: UNEP. Click to enlarge.

Mercury

Mercury Emissions 2013 Global

EPA Awards $2M to Small Businesses to Develop Sustainable Technologies; Includes Biofuel, Emissions Reduction Projects

Green Car Congress

APRIL 5, 2010

Included in the 34 FY2010 SBIR Phase I awards are the following biofuel and emissions-reduction projects: Technology Specialists, “Thermochemical Biofuels Production from Biomass Waste Materials”, $70,000. This project will develop and evaluate a new process for converting biomass waste into diesel fuel.

Emissions

Emissions EPA Waste Exhaust

Audi testing find e-ethanol and e-diesel produced by Joule often perform better than conventional counterparts

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 3, 2014

Joule’s Helioculture platform uses engineered microorganisms directly and continuously to convert sunlight and waste CO 2 into infrastructure-ready fuels, including ethanol and hydrocarbons (n-alkanes) that serve as the essential chemical building blocks for diesel. Audi is testing different blends of the e-fuels as well as 100% fuel.

Audi

Audi Diesel Fuel New Mexico

Sandia team puts power into local grid with supercritical CO2 closed-loop Brayton-cycle turbine

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 22, 2022

Because so much energy is lost turning steam back into water in the Rankine cycle, at most a third of the power in the steam can be converted into electricity. In comparison, the Brayton cycle has a theoretical conversion efficiency upwards of 50%. The recuperator improves the overall efficiency of the system.

Grid

Grid Power Powered CO2

Joule secures first of multiple sites for solar fuel production; expects costs as low as $20/bbl for renewable diesel (including subsidies) at full-scale production

Green Car Congress

MAY 5, 2011

Joule says Lea County ideally meets it requirements for production, including high solar insolation, access to non-potable water and waste CO 2. Schematic comparison between direct photosynthetic (top) and algal biomass (bottom) processes. Joule Unlimited, Inc., —Bill Sims, President and CEO of Joule. Click to enlarge.

Diesel

Diesel Solar Renewable Production

CERA: Canadian Oil Sands Poised to Become the Top Source of Crude Imports to the US in 2010; Could Contribute Up To 36% of US Oil and Refined Products Imports by 2030

Green Car Congress

MAY 21, 2010

IHS CERA’s earlier comparison of 11 publicly available life-cycle analysis studies found that fuel produced from oil sands mining has average well-to–retail pump greenhouse gas emissions 1.3 Net water use in oil sands production averages four barrels of water per barrel of bitumen for mining operations and 0.9

Oil-Sands

Oil-Sands Oil 2010 Production

Researchers exploring development of biofilms for remediation of oilsands tailings

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 26, 2011

Researchers at the Universities of Calgary and Alberta are collaborating on a project for the microbial remediation of oil sands tailings—the waste byproducts of oil sands surface mining that are collected in large manufactured settling basins called tailing ponds. Those consortia of biofilms are able to, slowly, detoxify the water.

Oil-Sands

Oil-Sands Oil Environment Water

Toyota introducing new series of gasoline engines with gain of at least 10% fuel efficiency; up to 38% maximum thermal efficiency

Green Car Congress

APRIL 10, 2014

Use of the Atkinson cycle provides an increased expansion ratio and reduces waste heat through a high compression ratio (13.5), resulting in superior thermal efficiency. The new features, combined with idling stop and other functions, will lead to fuel efficiency gains of approximately 15% by comparison with current vehicles, Toyota said.

Gasoline

Gasoline Toyota Engine Fuel

ExxonMobil, MIT and Synthetic Genomics team publishes results of LCA on algal biofuels; potential for large reductions in GHG

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 13, 2012

Well-to-wheel GHG estimates for palm hydrotreated renewable diesel (HRD) fuel, with and without direct LUC, and diesel fuel included to enable comparisons. Algae have the potential to produce large volumes of fuel per unit area of production on marginal lands using saline water unsuitable for food crops. Credit: ACS, Vasudevan et al.

MIT

MIT Oil Water Fuel

New Audi paintshop at Ingolstadt; heating energy & water per car down by 20%, CO2 by 30%, VOCs by 90%; bell-bell

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 22, 2016

Heating energy and water consumption per car are reduced by 20%. Five‑percent less waste (paint sludge) is created for each car that is painted. This comparison helps to prevent possible production flaws in the electronic quality process, with support from an electronic quality inspection.

Audi

Audi Water Energy CO2

Tesla Giga Berlin is the largest taxpayer in Grünheide

Teslarati

DECEMBER 18, 2023

For comparison, Lang stated that the entire budget for a community of 9,000 residents was about €20 million. High tech not only in production – at Giga Berlin we recycle up to 100% of our process water in our state-of-the-art waste water treatment plant.

Tesla

Tesla Water Waste Tax

ICL briefing paper estimates that 52% of all small particle pollution from road transport comes from tires and brakes

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 27, 2023

Despite this, research on the environmental and health impacts of tire wear has been neglected in comparison to the research and innovations dedicated to tackling fuel emissions. Tire wear particles pollute the environment, the air we breathe, the water run-off from roads and has compounding effects on waterways and agriculture.

Pollution

Pollution Transportation London Environment

Comprehensive LCA report from Ricardo on behalf of EC confirms environmental benefits of electrified powertrains

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 2, 2020

In addition to greenhouse gas emissions, the report also assesses a number of other environmental impact categories, ranging from resource use, including cumulative energy consumption, mineral and metal resource depletion and water scarcity, to airborne pollutant emissions (like particulates and nitrogen oxides), and human- and eco-toxicity.

Sustainable Transportation

Sustainable Transportation Fuel Renewable Climate

Study on Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Global Cities Highlights Importance of Geophysical and Technical Factors

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 7, 2009

An international study of 10 global cities found that a balance of geophysical factors (climate, access to resources, and gateway status) and technical factors (power generation, urban design, and waste processing) determine the greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs) attributable to cities.

Emissions

Emissions Global Gas Los Angeles

Coskata Unveils Semi-Commercial Feedstock-Flexible Ethanol Facility; Springboard for Full-Scale Commercial Rollout

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 15, 2009

By comparison, the theoretical yield of ethanol from a dry ton of corn is 124.4 The process also uses less than half the water per gallon than required for the production of gasoline from conventional crude, and about one-third to one-quarter of the water per gallon required for the production of gasoline from oil sands oil, Bolson said.

Commercial

Commercial Oil-Sands Water Gasoline

Microcab to Source 10 High-Temperature PEM Fuel Cells from Serenergy for Vehicle Demonstrators

Green Car Congress

JUNE 24, 2010

The high temperature exhaust also facilitates the use of otherwise wasted thermal energy for heating of the vehicle interior, thus increasing overall system efficiency. There is no liquid water in a HTPEM MEA and therefore there is no need for a compressor. Other benefits of the Serenergy HTPEM technology include: No humidifier.

Fuel

Fuel Vehicles Hydrogen Waste

NSF awards $2M to U-Mich for algal biofuel work; looking to algal communities to enhance yield

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 1, 2013

The U-M-led “biodiversity and biofuels” project aims to increase the productivity and stability of algae-based biofuel systems while reducing environmental impacts by recycling wastes and cutting the need for biocides. Savage will work with researchers at Argonne National Laboratory on the comparison.

Waste

Waste Grant Universal Fuel

Study of Sustainable Value in Automobile Manufacturing Finds Mixed Performance for Most OEMs, BMW and Toyota as the Clear Leaders

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 6, 2009

billion, in comparison with BMW, which having used all the resources considered necessary to create value doubled its sustainable value to €2.8 The ranking of the 17 manufacturers based on the Sustainable Value Margin. Click to enlarge. GM achieved a sustainable value of -€9.87 billion from 1999 to 2007.

Automobile Manufacturer

Automobile Manufacturer Automobile BMW Manufacturer

New study suggests reported PAH emissions in oil sands region greatly underestimated

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 4, 2014

Data describing emissions to air compiled from two official sources result in simulated concentrations in air, soil, water, and foliage that tend to fall close to or below the minimum measured concentrations of phenanthrene [PHE], pyrene [PYR], and benzo(a)pyrene [BaP] in the environment. Accounting for evaporative emissions (e.g.,

Oil-Sands

Oil-Sands Oil Emissions Pollution

Virginia Tech professor proposes simple biomass-to-wheel efficiency analysis to inform decisions on biomass/biofuel/powertrain combinations; the advantage of sugar fuel cell vehicles

Green Car Congress

JULY 15, 2011

Comparison of biomass-to-wheel (BTW) efficiency for different biomass utilization scenarios. Because of the same input and output in all cases, an increase in energy conversion efficiency nearly equals impact reductions in carbon and water footprints on the environment. Huang and Zhang. Click to enlarge. Zhang 2009. Click to enlarge.

Virginia

Virginia Fuel Hydrogen Gas-Electric

DOE, USDA Announce Up To $33M in Funding for Biomass Research and Development Initiative

Green Car Congress

MAY 6, 2010

Forest resources (forest thinnings, wood chips, wood wastes, small diameter trees, etc.); Urban wood wastes; Oilseed crops; Animal waste; and. Feedstocks or combinations of feedstocks that will be considered include: Agricultural residues; Energy crops (switchgrass, miscanthus, energycane, sorghum, poplar, willow, etc.);

Conversion

Conversion Waste Renewable Production

Palladium/Iron-Platinum Core/Shell Nanoparticle Catalysts Promising for Practical Fuel Cell Applications

Green Car Congress

MAY 26, 2010

The oxygen reduction reaction takes place at the fuel cell’s cathode, creating water as its only waste. These nanoparticles, the researchers concluded, are promising new catalysts for practical fuel cell applications.

Fuel

Fuel Hydrogen Tennessee Commercial

Pitt engineers using membrane distillation to recycle water used in fracking and drilling

Lifecycle Study Finds Algae as Bioenergy Feedstock Has Higher Environmental Impacts than Conventional Crops in Energy Use, GHG Emissions, and Water Use; The Importance of Using Waste Streams

ARPA-E adds five new funding topics to FOA to advance critical energy innovation

Waste oil power generator from Cyclone Power Technologies and Phoenix Power Group shows lower emissions than conventional diesel generator

Ford cuts manufacturing energy use 22% in 6 years; targeting additional 25% Drop by 2016

Hatch report finds NOVONIX dry cathode synthesis process offers cost and waste reduction improvements

PNNL study finds algal oil could replace 17% of US petroleum oil imports

New version of Argonne lifecycle model for water footprint of biofuels now includes cellulosic feedstocks

Tesla Giga Berlin uses half as much water as asparagus farm

Study finds relying on “local food” a distant dream for most of the world

bp begins shipping LNG from Mozambique’s first LNG project and first FLNG platform

Global Bioenergy Partnership publishes report on 24 sustainability indicators for bioenergy: electricity, heat and transport

Norwegian startup Blastr plans €4B green steel plant in Finland

KPMG study identifies 10 sustainability “megaforces” with accelerating impacts on business; imperative of sustainability changing the automotive business radically

Joules solar fuels process can produce up to 15,000 gallons of renewable diesel/acre/year; 5-50X greater conversion efficiency than any biomass-dependent process

U Toronto and Fujitsu team use quantum-inspired computing to discover improved catalyst for hydrogen production

MAHLE developing portfolio of solutions for fuel cell drives in commercial vehicles

DeepGreen lifecycle analysis argues for sourcing EV battery materials from deep-sea polymetallic nodules

USDA provides $91M loan guarantee to Cool Planet for biogasoline blendstock plant; biomass pyrolysis and catalytic conversion

Life cycle study calculates Algenols algae-to-ethanol process can deliver 67% to 87% reduction in carbon footprint compared to gasoline

INL team develops efficient method for separating rare earth elements and transition metals in magnet scrap

FCA says Jeep Wrangler environmental impact reduced by 15% compared to predecessor

Final session on international mercury convention this week expected to culminate in agreement; UNEP Global Mercury Assessment 2013 finds industrial source Hg emissions may be rising

EPA Awards $2M to Small Businesses to Develop Sustainable Technologies; Includes Biofuel, Emissions Reduction Projects

Audi testing find e-ethanol and e-diesel produced by Joule often perform better than conventional counterparts

Sandia team puts power into local grid with supercritical CO2 closed-loop Brayton-cycle turbine

Joule secures first of multiple sites for solar fuel production; expects costs as low as $20/bbl for renewable diesel (including subsidies) at full-scale production

CERA: Canadian Oil Sands Poised to Become the Top Source of Crude Imports to the US in 2010; Could Contribute Up To 36% of US Oil and Refined Products Imports by 2030

Researchers exploring development of biofilms for remediation of oilsands tailings

Toyota introducing new series of gasoline engines with gain of at least 10% fuel efficiency; up to 38% maximum thermal efficiency

ExxonMobil, MIT and Synthetic Genomics team publishes results of LCA on algal biofuels; potential for large reductions in GHG

New Audi paintshop at Ingolstadt; heating energy & water per car down by 20%, CO2 by 30%, VOCs by 90%; bell-bell

Tesla Giga Berlin is the largest taxpayer in Grünheide

ICL briefing paper estimates that 52% of all small particle pollution from road transport comes from tires and brakes

Comprehensive LCA report from Ricardo on behalf of EC confirms environmental benefits of electrified powertrains

Study on Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Global Cities Highlights Importance of Geophysical and Technical Factors

Coskata Unveils Semi-Commercial Feedstock-Flexible Ethanol Facility; Springboard for Full-Scale Commercial Rollout

Microcab to Source 10 High-Temperature PEM Fuel Cells from Serenergy for Vehicle Demonstrators

NSF awards $2M to U-Mich for algal biofuel work; looking to algal communities to enhance yield

Study of Sustainable Value in Automobile Manufacturing Finds Mixed Performance for Most OEMs, BMW and Toyota as the Clear Leaders

New study suggests reported PAH emissions in oil sands region greatly underestimated

Virginia Tech professor proposes simple biomass-to-wheel efficiency analysis to inform decisions on biomass/biofuel/powertrain combinations; the advantage of sugar fuel cell vehicles

DOE, USDA Announce Up To $33M in Funding for Biomass Research and Development Initiative

Palladium/Iron-Platinum Core/Shell Nanoparticle Catalysts Promising for Practical Fuel Cell Applications

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