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The transient results illustrate the gradual formation of the nucleation mode particles with continuous increase in exhaust temperatures. The particle number count under those conditions increased by more than an order of magnitude in comparison to DPF-out particle concentrations. Credit: ACS, Thiruvengadam et al. Click to enlarge.
with technologies such as direct fuel injection, variable valve timing, exhaust-driven turbochargers, brake energy regeneration and Auto Start Stop function—about 60% of the generated energy is still lost, half of it being exhaust heat, with the remaining half as heat absorbed by the engine cooling system. Click to enlarge.
Certification in accordance with the Euro 6d standard (RDE stage 2) not prescribed for new models until 1 January 2020 is possible due to measures including extended exhaust gas aftertreatment with an additional underbody SCR catalytic converter including ammonia slip catalyst (ASC) in the underbody.
There are two basic exhaust emissions and fuel economy tests described in J1711. Single-roll, electric dynamometer test procedures are specified to minimize the test-to-test variations inherent in track testing and to conform with standard industry practice for exhaust emissions and fuel economy measurements. Earlier post.)
New research from Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden, finds that the discharge water from ships’ exhaust gas treatment systems—i.e., Comparison of loads (kg/year) of PAHs from direct discharges from ships and atmospheric deposition to the Baltic Sea.
A new study by a team from the University of Edinburgh and independent engineering company INNAS BV has found that, when factoring in the additional weight and non-exhaust PM factors, total PM 10 emissions from electric vehicles (EVs) are equal to those of modern internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs). Click to enlarge.
It expands all the way to ambient pressure before the exhaust stroke. The power is produced in almost a 50-50 split between the combustion (central) and exhaust (largest) pistons. Transfer from the combustion cylinder to the exhaust cylinder takes place when the exhaust cylinder volume is minimal. and O’Malley, E.
Here, we have selected a representative from each of these three groups, produced biodiesel, have characterized the properties of the fuels in comparison to biodiesel produced from plant oils. Exhaust gas temperatures were highest for diesel #2, followed by soybean, microalgae, yeast, and bacteria (in order of decreasing temperatures).
The recuperated engine uses isothermal compression via cryogenic injection to enable significant exhaust to compressed gas heat transfer. Recuperator to transfer heat from exhaust gas to compressed air. A recuperated combustion engine transfers exhaust heat to the working gas at the end of compression and at constant volume.
CAT-DEF—Catalyzed Diesel Exhaust Fluid—is an SwRI-developed catalyst- and surfactant-modified diesel exhaust fluid (DEF) solution. urea-water solution—is injected into the exhaust stream and ideally decomposes to form ammonia, which reacts with NO x on the SCR catalyst to form N 2 and H 2 O. DEF—a 32.5
The very latest generation of diesel engines from the Volkswagen Group (EA288 evo, earlier post ) achieves even lower emission levels and reduces CO 2 emissions by up to 10 g/km (NEDC) in a direct comparison to the previous generation.
Target/actual comparisons in operations. The tedious comparison between CAD data on the screen and the actual tool will then be a thing of the past. The BMW Group also applies target/actual comparisons at its Munich plant. Visualisation of relevant CAD data only takes a few seconds.
building HVAC exhaust) and from natural fluids (e.g., Most contemporary DAC approaches utilize energy poorly, as evident by second-law efficiencies for CO 2 separation of 1 to 9% (for comparison, post-combustion capture from coal exhaust attains second-law efficiencies greater than 20%). Energy Transfer Mechanisms.
TSCi combustion minimizes heat loss to the cylinder walls and in the exhaust. The TSCi injection system can also be supplemented by advanced thermal management, exhaust gas recovery, electronic valves, and advanced combustion chamber geometries. As a comparison, the 2010 Prius delivers 51 mpg US (4.6 Source: Transonic.
As a comparison, the baseline 2015 Sonata with 2.4-liter million), uses an exhaust manifold integrated turbocharger with twin scroll, air-guided intercooler, direct fuel injection system and dual CVVT, while a bed plate and a serpentine auxiliary belt were adopted to enhance engine reliability. The estimated 32 mpg (7.4 The Gamma 1.6-liter
However, both measurements also act as proxies for the complex mixture of gases in diesel exhaust, which is an established carcinogen and associated with respiratory, cardiovascular and reproductive health effects. They also took measurements while walking along busy streets in downtown Toronto for comparison.
In comparison to hydrogen, liquefied ammonia makes it easier to transport large volumes to wherever it is needed. In the integrated process, it is possible to achieve an efficiency of 90% in comparison to 70% achieved with conventional technologies. This is particularly important for mobile and space-constrained applications.
On the other hand, however, the lower exhaust gas temperatures result in a lack of energy for their propulsion on the exhaust side. Comparison of turbocharging systems. For clean combustion of hydrogen, the turbochargers have to, on the one hand, provide around twice as much air mass as they do in gasoline engines.
Due to the lower exhaust enthalpy of lower temperature engines using PPCI, it is difficult to produce intake boost with acceptable boost system parasitis. A practical powertrain system with robust PPCI combustion is needed, including injection, valvetrain, boost, and exhaust subsystems. kWh and FSN 0.1, respectively.
A study by a team from UC Riverside has assessed the potential of increasing ethanol content in California reformulated gasoline (CaRFG) by investigating the exhaust emissions from a fleet of 20 Tier 3 light-duty vehicles. A baseline CaRFG E10 (10% ethanol by volume) fuel was splash-blended with denatured ethanol to create an E15 fuel.
Promising avenues include weight savings and extension of the cruising range in comparison with battery-powered solutions; fuel cell concepts may represent an attractive option for long-distance hauling, which requires heavy loads and large cruising ranges. Exhaust pathway. A moisture exchange takes place above the membrane surface.
Conventional diesel buses will also be used on the route to serve as reference vehicles in the comparison of the innovative drive concepts. The conventional hybrid offers up to 37% fuel savings compared to a diesel version and 40-50% lower exhaust emissions.
WLTP measurements converted to NEDC values for comparison purposes.) In comparison to its predecessor, the 88 kW/120 hp 1.6-liter In comparison to its predecessor, the 88 kW/120 hp 1.6-liter l/100 km, extra-urban 3.9-3.8 l/100 km, combined 4.2-4.1 l/100 km, 110-108 g/km CO 2 ). Maximum torque is 300 N·m at 1750 rpm.
It provides an air-standard analysis of efficiency, including a comparison to conventional engine technologies. For instance, intake/compression, combustion, expansion/exhaust are occurring simultaneously in separate chambers. This combination separates the working mixture into three separate volumes.
Other research has shown that carbonyls directly influence physiological response to diesel exhaust particles and can also contribute to secondary organic aerosol formation. In the Tianjin study, they team fueled a four-cylinder light-duty diesel engine fueled with CFT and DF, identifying 13 individual carbonyl compounds in the exhaust.
For the new, high-performance generation of diesels, KSPG is exhibiting components for the exhaust gas system, steel pistons, and ultramodern high-duty plain bearings. Comparison: aluminum and steel pistons revving up at low load and cold engine, structure-borne amplitudes and frequencies in the Campbell diagram. Click to enlarge.
By comparison, aboveground air concentrations for all measured cities averaged just 16 ?g/m Dr. Gordon says he plans to investigate sources of subway station air contamination, such as exhaust given off by diesel maintenance locomotives; whipped-up dust from the remains of dead rodents; and poor ventilation as potential culprits.
They found that the level of emissions of regulated and unregulated pollutants in diesel exhaust depends on fuel, load, engine calibration, and exhaust aftertreatment technology. Information pertaining to these emissions in diesel engine exhaust is much less complete than that for the regulated pollutants.
Exhaust gas is treated by a standard passive three-way catalyst that does not require the use of any additives. Natural gas PM emissions are 95% lower in comparison to diesel, and 35% lower in NO x. Lastly, Iveco proposes a quieter vehicle with an average decrease of 5 decibels in comparison to diesel models.
This newly developed ENSs could improve low-temperature automobile exhaust treatment. Meanwhile, hydrocarbons, such as propylene (C 3 H 6 ) and propane (C 3 H 8 ) are typical automobile exhaust gas pollutants and must be converted to carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and water (H 2 O) before they are released as exhaust. Source: KAIST.
Comparison of emission standards. The first V8 engine on this platform (730 hp, 3500 N·m) was launched in 2010, also equipped with Scania XPI and VGT, but with SCR exhaust aftertreatment like the other Euro 5 V8 engines. A novel solution with sensors in the silencer enables precise control of exhaust temperature and NO x levels.
Our studies of the structure and activity of this catalyst—and comparisons with platinum-carbon catalysts currently in use—illustrate that the palladium core ‘protects’ the fine layer of platinum surrounding the particles, enabling it to maintain reactivity for a much longer period of time.
Comparisons of type C buses have typically been centered on fuel economy. to conduct a head-to-head fluid economy comparison. In the comparison of fluid economy, the 2010 IC Bus CE Series with MaxxForce 7 consistently outperformed the competing buses with up to a 4.5% fluid economy advantage using TMC Type IV testing methods.
In the Tianjin study, the team explored the impact of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) rates from 0% to 15% and compression ratios (CRs) of 8, 9, and 10 on the combustion characteristics and emission performance of 2-methylfuran (MF) and gasoline. —Pan et al. 2014.04.054.
1) with cooled exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and high compression ratio (13.3:1 Comparison of the derived brake thermal efficiency of the ORNL research engine (LSE) running LPG to 2019 production Cummins ISB diesel. The unique high stroke-to-bore engine design (1.5:1) 1 for both fuels, with additional runs at 16.8:1
Comparison of baseline and dDSF CO 2 and NO x on HD FTP cycle and LLC. Cylinder deactivation also reduces excess engine airflow, increasing exhaust temperatures. Source: Tula. Like DSF for gasoline engines, dDSF uses individual cylinder deactivation control strategies to meet torque demand at optimal fuel and aftertreatment efficiency.
improvement in total fluid consumption (diesel + diesel exhaust fluid for SCR) over conventional diesel combustion. Reitz (2013) Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition and Conventional Diesel Combustion: A Comparison of Methods to Meet Light-Duty NO x and Fuel Economy Targets. Earlier post.). —Kokjohn and Reitz.
A recent report from CE Delft, an independent research and consultancy organization, regarding the climate impact of Exhaust Gas Cleaning (EGC) systems for the marine industry. The study compares the results to the use of low-sulfur marine fuels and is made from a well-to-wake perspective in order to achieve an accurate comparison.
The chemistry of a fuel impacts the emissions from an engine, with the most obvious example being unburned or partially burned fuel which is a major component of engine exhaust. Engine-out exhaust contains typically 1?3% via the unburned or partially burned fuel which is a major component of engine exhaust.
Additional benefits in comparison with turbocharger solutions include simpler transient air fuel ration (AFR) control, and reduced thermal inertia in the exhaust, enabling faster catalyst light-off and reduced under hood temperatures.
The data presented in these studies did not show any evidence of deterioration in engine durability or maintenance issues for E15 (or E20) in comparison to E0 and E10 (when tested). Materials compatibility testing provides no evidence that 15 vol% ethanol blends will cause increased rates of metal corrosion in comparison to 10% blends.
The most significant compositional difference between the exhaust PM from combustion of the 2 fuels was the ratio of polar to non-polar species: 46% assigned polar for B0 vs 68% polar compounds for the B20 fuel. We are unaware of previous studies reporting this type of comparison of the exhaust PM.
Comparison of ISFC (@42.9 The test engine for the paper was a 250cc single-cylinder unit with dual-camshaft-actuated reciprocating sleeve valves for induction and exhaust. For a comparison engine, Pinnacle used a 200 cc, conventional two-valve, air-cooled, carbureted model. Source: Pinnacle. Click to enlarge.
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