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“Blue” hydrogen—produced through steam methane reforming (SMR) of natural gas or coal gasification, but with CO 2 capture and storage—is being described as having low or zero carbon emissions. Carbon dioxide emissions, including emissions from developing, processing, and transporting the fuels, are shown in orange.
A study by a team from UC Riverside has assessed the potential of increasing ethanol content in California reformulated gasoline (CaRFG) by investigating the exhaustemissions from a fleet of 20 Tier 3 light-duty vehicles. Acetaldehyde and ethanol emissions responded strongly with ethanol across the fleet of 20 vehicles.
CAT-DEF—Catalyzed Diesel Exhaust Fluid—is an SwRI-developed catalyst- and surfactant-modified diesel exhaust fluid (DEF) solution. The internally funded advancement successfully reduced heavy-duty diesel engine nitrogen oxide (NO x ) emissions to meet the California Air Resources Board (CARB) 2027 standards.
FTP cycle-weighted tailpipe emissions of N 2 O, NO x , and the sum of NMOG and NO x. The minimum in NO x and NMOG emissions for midlevel ethanol blends points to future opportunities for emission reductions from FFVs. Credit: ACS, Hubbard et al. Click to enlarge. E40); and the new range for high-level ethanol blends (E55, E80).
Comparison of brake thermal efficiency and specific fuel consumption at rated power (ICOMIA Mode 5), hydrogen vs. gasoline engines. This is due to raw, externally premixed fresh charge comprising air, fuel and lube oil being short-circuited into the exhaust during the scavenging process. Oh and Plante. Click to enlarge. Oh and Plante.
The standard does not specify which emissions constituents to measure (e.g., There are two basic exhaustemissions and fuel economy tests described in J1711. Until now, the fuel economy claims for plug-in hybrids were not calculated according to similar procedures, making car-to-car comparisons virtually impossible.
The transient results illustrate the gradual formation of the nucleation mode particles with continuous increase in exhaust temperatures. The particle number count under those conditions increased by more than an order of magnitude in comparison to DPF-out particle concentrations. Credit: ACS, Thiruvengadam et al. Click to enlarge.
Mercedes-Benz has begun sales of two diesel models of the new GLE SUV which already comply with the coming Euro 6d emissions standard. l/100 km; combined CO 2 emissions: 199-184 g/km) and costs €76,100.50. l/100 km; combined CO 2 emissions: 198-184 g/km) is available from €69,496.
New research from Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden, finds that the discharge water from ships’ exhaust gas treatment systems—i.e., scrubbers—is responsible for up to 9% of certain emissions of carcinogenic and environmentally harmful substances in the Baltic Sea—considerably more than was previously known.
The result is a set of usable conversion factors for distance-based CO 2 emissions among the different driving cycles. For the study, the ICCT team simulated CO 2 and efficiency results over the test cycles for a variety of vehicle and technology packages using a vehicle emission model developed by Ricardo Engineering.
Exhaust gas after-treatment paired with innovative features inside the engine enables the GTI engine to meet the new EU 6AG (Euro 6d-TEMP) emission standard. As a comparison point, in 1976, the first Golf GTI delivered 140 N·m at 5,000 rpm.) The fuel consumption and emission levels of the up! The 85 kW / 115 PS 1.0
A new study by a team from the University of Edinburgh and independent engineering company INNAS BV has found that, when factoring in the additional weight and non-exhaust PM factors, total PM 10 emissions from electric vehicles (EVs) are equal to those of modern internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs). Click to enlarge.
Emission rates for the 1.7 A new study led by researchers at the University of Michigan compared regulated and unregulated emissions from both light-duty passenger car (1.7 Biodiesel also reduces smoke opacity, PM, CO, and NMHC emissions, although NO x may increase, depending on operating conditions. L engines at idle.
Other research has shown that carbonyls directly influence physiological response to diesel exhaust particles and can also contribute to secondary organic aerosol formation. In the Tianjin study, they team fueled a four-cylinder light-duty diesel engine fueled with CFT and DF, identifying 13 individual carbonyl compounds in the exhaust.
A study by European researchers has found that two-stroke (2S) scooters, although constituting a small fraction of the fleet, can dominate urban vehicular pollution through organic aerosol and aromatic emission factors up to thousands of times higher than from other vehicle classes. Emission factors (EFs) from scooters and other vehicles.
Included in the 34 FY2010 SBIR Phase I awards are the following biofuel and emissions-reduction projects: Technology Specialists, “Thermochemical Biofuels Production from Biomass Waste Materials”, $70,000. Emissions Reduction for Two-Stroke Engines”, $70,000. Small particulate emissions, such as those that fall within the PM2.5
with technologies such as direct fuel injection, variable valve timing, exhaust-driven turbochargers, brake energy regeneration and Auto Start Stop function—about 60% of the generated energy is still lost, half of it being exhaust heat, with the remaining half as heat absorbed by the engine cooling system. Click to enlarge.
In the spring 2014, the GasOMeP project (Gasoline Vehicle Emission Control for Organic, Metallic and Particulate Non-Legislative Pollutants) got underway. The carcinogenic potential in one cubic meter of exhaust gas from gasoline direct injectors is up to 1,700 times higher than the EU limit for clean air. Click to enlarge.
The researchers, who reported their results in a paper published in the ACS journal Energy & Fuels , examined the properties, engine performance, and emissions for biodiesel produced from the microalgae Chaetoceros gracilis ; the yeast Cryptococcus curvatus ; and the bacterium Rhodococcus opacus.
Data was collected with the stock ignition system with a representative ignition strategy, followed by comparison to a drop-in replacement with the TPS nanosecond pulsed power ignition system (coil and plug). The Toyota 2.5L engine was tested at FEV North America and results indicate improvements over the stock ignition system.
Researchers at Oak Ridge National Laboratory are investigating the characteristics of and control techniques for particulate matter (PM) emissions generated by the Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition (RCCI) combustion technique. However, the RCCI PM was very small in comparison with peak counts near 10 nm. Earlier post.).
The most significant compositional difference between the exhaust PM from combustion of the 2 fuels was the ratio of polar to non-polar species: 46% assigned polar for B0 vs 68% polar compounds for the B20 fuel. We are unaware of previous studies reporting this type of comparison of the exhaust PM.
The very latest generation of diesel engines from the Volkswagen Group (EA288 evo, earlier post ) achieves even lower emission levels and reduces CO 2 emissions by up to 10 g/km (NEDC) in a direct comparison to the previous generation.
1) with cooled exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and high compression ratio (13.3:1 Comparison of the derived brake thermal efficiency of the ORNL research engine (LSE) running LPG to 2019 production Cummins ISB diesel. . domestic NO x emission regulations for medium- and heavy-duty vehicles by an order of magnitude by 2027.
Ricardo demonstrated its new real-world driving emissions measurement service ( earlier post ), and discussed the first results from its road side vehicle monitoring research, at the Air Quality & Emissions Show (AQE) in the UK earlier this week. Ricardo launched its vehicle emission measurement service in April 2017.
This puffy line is not just exhaust from the engine, but a change in the clouds that’s caused by small airborne particles of pollution. Small particles in exhaust from burning fossil fuels creates “seeds” on which water vapor in the air can condense into cloud droplets. Michael Diamond/University of Washington. C, or 1.8 ?F,
Comparison between estimated EI BC and measured EI BC derived FOA3 (black open box), the FOA3 approach with the updated SN-CI correlation (blue triangle), and estimates obtained from the new FOX method (red circle) that are not dependent on SN. Credit: ACS, Stettler et al. Click to enlarge. These are a factor of ?2.7 near the ground).
The result is a high-performance powertrain with emissions at the same level as ambient air. At the same time, we also had the objective of achieving low fuel consumption and keeping emissions at the same level as ambient air. Comparison of turbocharging systems. The starting point for our study was an existing 4.4-liter
The recuperated engine uses isothermal compression via cryogenic injection to enable significant exhaust to compressed gas heat transfer. Ricardo and the University of Brighton will model and evaluate an advanced split-cycle combustion system aimed at substantially reducing the carbon emissions of heavy-duty vehicles. Click to enlarge.
A recent report from CE Delft, an independent research and consultancy organization, regarding the climate impact of Exhaust Gas Cleaning (EGC) systems for the marine industry. The study compares the results to the use of low-sulfur marine fuels and is made from a well-to-wake perspective in order to achieve an accurate comparison.
As a comparison, the baseline 2015 Sonata with 2.4-liter million), uses an exhaust manifold integrated turbocharger with twin scroll, air-guided intercooler, direct fuel injection system and dual CVVT, while a bed plate and a serpentine auxiliary belt were adopted to enhance engine reliability. The estimated 32 mpg (7.4 The Gamma 1.6-liter
The data presented in these studies did not show any evidence of deterioration in engine durability or maintenance issues for E15 (or E20) in comparison to E0 and E10 (when tested). Materials compatibility testing provides no evidence that 15 vol% ethanol blends will cause increased rates of metal corrosion in comparison to 10% blends.
A research team from Empa (Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology) and the University of Applied Sciences Bern, Laboratory for ExhaustEmission Control, reports that ethanol blending appeared to reduce genotoxic emissions from a flex-fuel Euro-5 gasoline direct injection (GDI) vehicle (a Volvo V60 with a 1.6
It expands all the way to ambient pressure before the exhaust stroke. The power is produced in almost a 50-50 split between the combustion (central) and exhaust (largest) pistons. Transfer from the combustion cylinder to the exhaust cylinder takes place when the exhaust cylinder volume is minimal. and O’Malley, E.
The new powertrain is designed to meet strict future emissions requirements through the use of an innovative oxidation catalyst/NO x adsorber coupled with Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR). WLTP measurements converted to NEDC values for comparison purposes.) In comparison to its predecessor, the 88 kW/120 hp 1.6-liter
Emissions are usually higher in the production phase of electric cars, but these are more than offset by lower emissions in the use phase over time. However, as the carbon intensity of the EU energy mix is projected to decrease, the life-cycle emissions of a typical electric vehicle could be cut by at least 73% by 2050.
The engines combine a range of technical solutions to meet the more stringent emission requirements, while the consumption of fuel is as good as Scania’s Euro 5 engines. Comparison of emission standards. The following emission levels apply: Nitrogen oxides : 0.4 Click to enlarge. g/kWh (2 g/kWh for Euro 5).
A study of emissions from gasoline direct injection (GDI) vehicles in an urban near-road environment in Toronto over a wide range of weather conditions (February 2014 to January 2015) found that—other than for NO x and CO—the GDI engines had elevated emissions compared to the Toronto fleet. m from the roadway.
As demonstrated through testing, Tula’s dDSF technology reduces tailpipe NO x emissions by up to 66% while also reducing CO 2 emissions by up to 4%. Comparison of baseline and dDSF CO 2 and NO x on HD FTP cycle and LLC. Cylinder deactivation also reduces excess engine airflow, increasing exhaust temperatures.
The city of Hamburg intends to acquire only emission-free buses from 2020 on. Conventional diesel buses will also be used on the route to serve as reference vehicles in the comparison of the innovative drive concepts. The conventional hybrid offers up to 37% fuel savings compared to a diesel version and 40-50% lower exhaustemissions.
Emissions under the dual-fuel concept, at 11 bar IMEP. Low temperature combustion (LTC) strategies (MK, PCCI, HCCI) are one way researchers are looking to reduce engine-out emissions while maintaining high engine efficiency. The green line is the US 2010 baseline. The horizontal axis shows the percentage of gasoline in the blend.
The global market for sensors used in internal combustion engines (ICE) is on the road of steady growth for the next few years, propelled by increasing utilization in engine management and exhaust aftertreatment, according to a new report from IHS Technology. IHS projects that sensor shipments for ICEs will top 1.34 billion in 2013.
The US Department of Energy (DOE) will award up to $24 million for research into technology that captures carbon emissions directly from the air, replicating the way plants and trees absorb CO 2. ( building HVAC exhaust) and from natural fluids (e.g., DE-FOA-0002481 ). Energy Transfer Mechanisms.
They found that at all loads, GDCI was remarkably clean, with the potential for no aftertreatment for NO x and particulate emissions. Very low fuel consumption, NO x , and PM emissions were measured. A practical powertrain system with robust PPCI combustion is needed, including injection, valvetrain, boost, and exhaust subsystems.
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