Green Car Congress

JANUARY 19, 2010

Model scope includes all upstream processing of biomass material; conversion to liquid or solid fuel is intentionally excluded. For all crops, the entire plant was used to facilitate comparison on a total energy basis. Biofuel conversion processes were excluded from the scope of the analysis. Credit: ACS, Clarens et al.

Water 218

Water Waste Energy Emissions 218

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 6, 2011

The team also suggested that algae systems can be either net energy positive or negative depending on the specific combination of cultivation and conversion processes used. environmental burdens (net energy use, water use, and GHG) per VKT. Earlier post.) Earlier post.) Arrow widths are proportional to mass flows. to 4.10.

Transportation 278

Transportation Energy Conversion Water 278

Green Car Congress

APRIL 11, 2014

volts versus the reversible hydrogen electrode) in CO-saturated alkaline water. For the Nature study, Kanan and Li built an electrochemical cell: two electrodes placed in water saturated with carbon monoxide gas. The challenge was to find a cathode that would reduce carbon monoxide to ethanol instead of reducing water to hydrogen.

Fuel 300

Fuel CO2 Carbon Conversion 300

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 16, 2015

of the online tool Water Assessment for Transportation Energy Resources ( WATER ) this week. This latest version of WATER allows, for the first time, biofuels manufacturers to analyze water consumption associated with use of cellulosic feedstocks such as residue left from lumber production and other wood-based resources.

Water 150

Water Conversion Carbon Fuel 150

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 14, 2012

The Gas Technology Institute (GTI) in Des Plaines, IL, recently added a new Pilot-Scale IH 2 Plant to broaden biomass-to-liquid hydrocarbon fuel conversion. This is over 70% efficient energy conversion, and the production of exportable steam can raise the overall process efficiency even higher. Earlier post.).

Conversion 307

Conversion Houston Renewable Gasoline 307

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 16, 2012

Outlines the approach for collecting and analyzing the data needed to evaluate the indicator and for making relevant comparisons to other energy options or agricultural systems. Water use and efficiency. Water quality. Provides information on data limitations and highlights potential bottlenecks to data acquisition.

Transportation 244

Transportation Global Water Pollution 244

Green Car Congress

MARCH 6, 2021

the ocean and surface waters) that received their CO 2 directly from ambient air. Most contemporary DAC approaches utilize energy poorly, as evident by second-law efficiencies for CO 2 separation of 1 to 9% (for comparison, post-combustion capture from coal exhaust attains second-law efficiencies greater than 20%).

Carbon 360

Carbon Exhaust Energy Water 360

Green Car Congress

MAY 17, 2010

The new catalyst is applied in a hybrid photocatalytic-electrolysis system that uses the photocatalytic reaction converting solar energy to lower the electrolysis voltage required for the hydrogen production by water electrolysis. Potential diagram of various reaction mechanisms for hydrogen production via water decomposition. (a)

Hydrogen 259

Hydrogen Hybrid Production Solar 259

Green Car Congress

JULY 7, 2015

Evapotranspiration (ET) refers to the sum total of water lost while the plant is growing, either from evaporation through the plant stem itself (a process called “transpiration”), or from water evaporated off of the plant’s leaves or the ground. —Hamilton et al.

Water 150

Water Climate Change Climate Environment 150

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 13, 2014

In comparison to smooth copper electrodes, the faradaic efficiencies of CO, methane, and ethylene are reduced significantly, whereas C 2 and C 3 products such as ethane and propylene are produced in small but detectable quantities—overall, a very different product outcome than obtained from planar electrodes. Sujat Sen, Dan Liu, and G.

CO2 291

CO2 Production Conversion Hydrogen 291

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 19, 2014

Qiang Dai and Christian Lastoskie found that BEVs and FCVs in particular offer significant reductions in greenhouse gas emissions, especially if carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) technologies are implemented at the fuel conversion facilities. water depletion potential (WDP). water depletion potential (WDP).

Gas 218

Gas Li-ion Gas-Electric Conversion 218

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 11, 2009

Conversions are expensive, noted Lyle Shuey, Bright VP of Marketing and Sales, and the converted Transporters will not be as efficient as the purpose-built IDEA. By way of comparison, the IDEA is designed to have a 30-mile AER with fuel economy of 100 mpg. Tags: Batteries Conversions Plug-ins. Specification. 100 mpg (2.4

Bright Automotive 210

Bright Automotive Convert Plug-in Transportation 210

Green Car Congress

APRIL 21, 2011

mgPt cm -2 ) is shown for comparison (dashed line). The carbon-iron-cobalt catalyst fuel cells also effectively completed the conversion of hydrogen and oxygen into water, rather than producing large amounts of undesirable hydrogen peroxide (hydrogen peroxide yield <1.0%). Source: Wu et al. Click to enlarge.

Fuel 255

Fuel Hydrogen Carbon Conversion 255

Green Car Congress

MARCH 13, 2012

Their analysis suggests that carbon storage loss caused by peatland conversion could be equivalent to as much as 7 years worth of carbon emissions by mining and upgrading (at 2010 levels). An open-access paper on their work is published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of the Sciences of the United States (PNAS).

Oil-Sands 270

Oil-Sands Oil Carbon Conversion 270

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 22, 2022

Because so much energy is lost turning steam back into water in the Rankine cycle, at most a third of the power in the steam can be converted into electricity. In comparison, the Brayton cycle has a theoretical conversion efficiency upwards of 50%. The recuperator improves the overall efficiency of the system.

Grid 396

Grid Power Powered CO2 396

Green Car Congress

MAY 30, 2020

The removal of CO 2 from oceanwater (or other natural waters), or direct ocean capture (DOC), is one method of capturing dispersed CO 2. In comparison to removal of CO 2 from point sources, DAC has the advantage of being location-independent.

Energy 332

Energy Waste Carbon Emissions 332

Green Car Congress

MAY 6, 2022

urea-water solution—is injected into the exhaust stream and ideally decomposes to form ammonia, which reacts with NO x on the SCR catalyst to form N 2 and H 2 O. These deposits severely limit low-temperature NO x conversion and increase fuel consumption as high-temperature engine operations are required to remove the deposits.

Diesel 284

Diesel Emissions Exhaust Engine 284

Green Car Congress

JULY 2, 2019

The key component here is a new, water-cooled electric motor, the peak output of which was doubled to 30 kW in comparison with that used previously. Instead, it is the conversion of electrically stored energy into traction in general. Electric-only driving is therefore possible up to a speed range of 80 to 90 km/h.

Hybrid 360

Hybrid Motor Motors Motoring 360

Green Car Congress

APRIL 27, 2012

Business-as-usual’ projections of future conversion rates, based on historical rates over the past two decades, indicate that 6–9 Mha of peatland in insular Southeast Asia may be converted to plantations by the year 2020, unless land use planning policies or markets for products change. —Miettinen et al. Chris Malins. Asner, Simon N.

Oil-Sands 314

Oil-Sands Oil Emissions Climate 314

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 25, 2010

A study by a team at the German Aerospace Center (Deutschen Zentrums für Luft- und Raumfahrt, DLR) identified autothermal reforming in combination with a water gas shift reactor as the preferred option for on-board reforming of biodiesel and bioethanol into a hydrogen-rich gas suitable for high temperature PEM (HTPEM) fuel cells.

Aspen 199

Aspen Concept Water Gas 199

Green Car Congress

MARCH 3, 2014

Comparison with conventional Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 catalysts revealed the same or better methanol synthesis activity, as well as considerably lower production of CO. Another challenge arises with the use of CO-free CO 2 , which will lead to CO as a by-product of methanol via the reverse water–gas shift (rWGS) reaction.

Low Cost 257

Low Cost Cleaning Clean Production 257

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 30, 2009

The 1979 Iranian crisis and related oil price shock accelerated Brazil’s conversion of its gasoline supply and automobile fleet. The growth in hydrous ethanol, which uses a blend of 94-95% ethanol to 5-6% water, rapidly increased during the 1980s, with consumption peaking in 1989.

Transportation 317

Transportation Fuel Renewable Gasoline-Electric 317

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 25, 2010

Algenol Biofuels’ Direct to Ethanol technology is based on an intracellular photosynthetic process in cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) that produces ethanol that is excreted through the cell walls, collected from closed photobioreactors as a dilute ethanol-in-water solution, and purified to fuel grade ethanol. Algenol algae.

Carbon 246

Carbon Gasoline Gas-Electric Gasoline-Electric 246

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 14, 2010

To overcome these shortcomings, a novel technical approach based on high-temperature water chemistry, known as catalytic hydrothermolysis (CH), has been proposed. The presence of water serves as a reactant, catalyst, and solvent for typically acid- or base-catalyzed reactions.

Oil 199

Oil Convert Water Conversion 199

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 15, 2014

The method uses a recyclable redox mediator (silicotungstic acid) that enables the coupling of low-pressure production of oxygen via water oxidation to a separate, catalytic hydrogen production step outside an electrolyzer that requires no post-electrolysis energy input. A schematic of silicotungstic acid–mediated H 2 evolution from water.

Production 230

Production Hydrogen Water Renewable 230

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 3, 2010

The particulate emissions of LGT engines are virtually zero, while emissions of nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide, as well as sulphur dioxide, are significantly reduced in comparison with diesel engines. Whichever model is chosen, the price for conversion to LPG operation is €2,538 (US$3,600).

Mercedes 268

Mercedes Fuel Gasoline Gas 268

Green Car Congress

JULY 9, 2013

The Thüga plant’s conversion of electricity to hydrogen and the feeding into the local gas distribution network should begin by the end of 2013. An analysis by Thüga has shown that the storage requirements for renewable electricity could be 17 terawatt hours (TWh) in 2020 and could even reach 50 TWh in 2050.

Gas 218

Gas Power Powered Gas-Electric 218

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 29, 2010

Researchers at Nanjing University and Anhui Polytechnic University in China have synthesized zinc orthogermanate (Zn 2 GeO 4 ) ultralong nanoribbons which show promising photocatalytic activity toward the reduction of CO 2 into renewable methane (CH 4 ) and water. Tags: Carbon Capture and Conversion (CCC) Emissions Fuels.

Renewable 186

Renewable CO2 Water Conversion 186

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 26, 2010

Pyrolysis bio-oils are produced by the thermal decomposition of biomass by heating in the absence of oxygen at more than 500 °C; fast pyrolysis of biomass is much less expensive than biomass conversion technologies based on gasification or fermentation processes. In comparison, increasing the H/C eff ratio of pyrolysis oil from 0 to 1.4

Oil 225

Oil Convert Hydrogen Fuel 225

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 13, 2011

Features of the process include: Feedstock flexible; Fast biomass heat up maximizes liquid yield; Hydroconversion with catalysts produces low-oxygen, low-acidity liquids; Polynuclear aromatic components are not formed; Self-sufficient process requires no supplemental water or hydrogen; and. Property comparison. Heating value.

Diesel 199

Diesel Production Gasoline Renewable 199

Green Car Congress

JUNE 14, 2011

Most importantly, after full conversion of the formate, the bicarbonate solution may be recharged with hydrogen to close the cycle. to sodium formate in 96% yield at 70 °C in water/THF without additional CO 2. Dehydrogenation of sodium formate was achieved with high conversion (> 90 %) under ambient temperature (30 °C).

Hydrogen 210

Hydrogen CO2 Sodium Store 210

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 7, 2010

However, the two conclude in their review, substantial advances in catalyst, electrolyte, and reactor design are needed to enable CO 2 utilization via electrochemical conversion a technology that can help address climate change and shift society to renewable energy sources. Current research efforts in the electrochemical conversion of CO 2.

Conversion 186

Conversion CO2 Hydrogen Carbon 186

Cars That Think

MARCH 4, 2025

Chargers operate in rugged environments, usually outdoors, with greatly varying levels of humidity and where contaminated water may be present. Galvanic isolation costs a lot Virtually every EV has an onboard charger (OBC), which performs the AC-to-DC conversion function, like a public fast charger does, when the vehicle is charging at home.

Charging 124

Charging Cars DC Recharge 124

Green Car Congress

MAY 6, 2010

This area include research, development and demonstration activities regarding feedstocks and feedstock logistics (including harvest, handling, transport, preprocessing, and storage) relevant to production of raw materials for conversion to biofuels and biobased products. Thermochemical Conversion Gasification.

Conversion 199

Conversion Waste Renewable Production 199

Green Car Congress

MAY 1, 2011

Two-step methanol and synthesis in water- and gas-cooled reactors operating along the optimum extraction route. MTG, which can be licensed from Exxon Mobil ( earlier post ) currently is the only commercially proven methanol conversion technology. NRC comparison of F-T and MTG. MTG isin use in new Zealand, and now in China.

Alaska 257

Alaska Gasoline Gas Trinidad 257

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 3, 2010

A comparison of estimates of the energy return on investment (EROI) at the wellhead for conventional crude oil, or for crude product prior to refining for oil shale. While one could argue that the char and gas produced and consumed within the shale conversion process has zero opportunity cost—i.e., Source: Cleveland and O’Connor.

Oil 199

Oil Cleveland Carbon Conversion 199

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 17, 2012

Splitting Water at High Temperatures. Most solar-driven water-splitting experiments are conducted at room temperature. The long-term goal of this project is to develop a water-splitting device that operates at high temperatures (up to 400 °C), dramatically improving solar-to-hydrogen conversion efficiencies.

Energy 239

Energy Vehicles Power Powered 239