Green Car Congress

APRIL 15, 2019

coal, oil, natural gas, and biomass). Among the findings: Summer surface ozone (O 3 ) decreases in most locations due to widespread reductions of traffic NO x emissions. Summer fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) increases on average and largest in areas with increased coal-fired power generation demands. Seasons and times of day.

Conversion 281

Conversion Jordan Ozone Coal 281

Green Car Congress

MAY 5, 2015

VOCs and nitrogen oxides react with sunlight to form ground-level ozone, the main component of smog. Emissions of sulfur dioxide and NO x —compounds generated by the coal-burning plant—were in-line with government estimates, but emissions of VOCs, including ethanol, were higher than government estimates.

Ozone 150

Ozone Emissions Colorado Coal 150

Green Car Congress

JULY 11, 2013

Photochemical Ozone Creation Potential (kg Ethene equivalent). Quantifies the production of pollutant ozone (? to ozone layer), the results of the reaction of sunlight on NO x and volatile organic compounds. water, and non-renewable energies (crude oil, coal.) Quantifies the quantity of energy (crude oil, coal.)

Li-ion 364

Li-ion Gasoline-Electric Ozone Diesel 364

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 29, 2010

Among the non-CO 2 pollutants are hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), methane, tropospheric ozone, and black carbon soot. Reducing tropospheric ozone can improve public health as well as agricultural productivity. The next round of UN climate negotiations begins in Cancun today. million lives lost each year due to black carbon soot.

Micronesia 199

Micronesia Pollution Ozone Global 199

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 23, 2011

In the months following a pulse of NO x in the upper atmosphere, ozone production is stimulated causing a short-term warming. The corresponding reduction in CH 4 , which is an important ozone precursor, leads to a long-term reduction in ozone. —Stratton et al.

MIT 273

MIT Climate Emissions Fuel 273

Green Car Congress

JUNE 27, 2014

After ten years in orbit, the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) on NASA’s Aura satellite has been in orbit sufficiently long to show that people in major US cities are breathing less nitrogen dioxide. The gas is produced primarily during the combustion of gasoline in vehicle engines and coal in power plants.

Ozone 210

Ozone Maryland Pollution Aura 210

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 10, 2011

It also includes several chemicals known to deplete Earth’s protective ozone layer, which are also active as greenhouse gases. The AGGI includes methane and nitrous oxide, for example, greenhouse gases that are emitted by human activities and also have natural sources and sinks.

2010 199

2010 Gas Ozone 2004 199

Green Car Congress

MARCH 29, 2010

Unlike other ethers, DME does not form peroxides, is non-toxic, has no effect on global warming nor ozone depletion and can be considered an environmentally friendly solvent. Both DME synthesized gas and liquid from coal are being utilized more frequently as inexpensive fuels in the People’s Republic of China.

Japan 199

Japan Oil Ozone Coal 199

Green Car Reports

OCTOBER 24, 2018

The EPA has dismissed two panels of outside scientists that advised the agency on particulate matter and ground-level ozone, which have been linked to smog and respiratory problems.

Pollution 140

Pollution EPA Ozone Coal 140

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 13, 2017

Although China and India remain the world’s largest consumers of coal, a new University of Maryland-led study found that China’s sulfur dioxide emissions fell by 75% since 2007, while India’s emissions increased by 50%. Most of the two countries’ sulfur dioxide emissions come from coal-fired power plants and coal-burning factories.

India 170

India 2007 Emissions Coal 170

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 30, 2009

Rather, coal power production and other industrial processes release sulfur dioxide—the same gas that billows from volcanoes—that later reacts with atmospheric molecules called hydroxyl radicals to produce sulfates as a byproduct. And hydroxyls drive long chains of reactions involving other common gases, including ozone.

Climate Change 268

Climate Change Climate Ozone Pollution 268

Green Car Congress

APRIL 29, 2013

(The figure includes the direct effects and those indirect effects due to the production of tropospheric ozone and stratospheric water vapor.) In 2011, CH4 emissions from coal mining were 63.2 From 1990 to 2011, CH4 emissions from landfills decreased by 44.7 30.3%), with small increases occurring in some interim years. Tg CO 2 Eq.,

2007 285

2007 2011 EPA Gas 285

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 22, 2009

A new report from the National Research Council examines and, when possible, estimates, “hidden” costs of energy production and use—such as the damage air pollution imposes on human health—that are not reflected in market prices of coal, oil, other energy sources, or the electricity and gasoline produced from them. cents per kWh.

2005 246

2005 Cost Of Energy Coal 246

Green Car Congress

JUNE 30, 2013

ADP = abiotic depletion potential; AP = acidification potential; EcoTP = ecological toxicity potential; EP = eutrophication potential; GWP = global warming potential; HTP = human toxicity potential; OCH = occupational cancer hazard; ODP = ozone depletion potential; OnCH = occupational non-cancer hazard; POP = photochemical oxidation potential.

Li-ion 210

Li-ion PHEV Batteries Battery 210

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 5, 2019

A ban on certain domestic heating fuels, such as coal, also leads to improved air quality in low-income zones. Wealthier regions, including large cities, tend to have on average higher levels of nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ), mostly because of the high concentration of road traffic and economic activities.

Pollution 265

Pollution Bulgaria Greece Portugal 265

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 22, 2009

The downward emission trend of three main pollutants which cause ground-level ozone continued in 2007: carbon monoxide (CO) fell by 57%, non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) were down by 47% and nitrogen oxides (NO x ) have dropped 36%. EU-27 emissions of all four pollutants were lower in 2007 than in 2006.

Pollution 236

Pollution Emissions Czech Republic United Kingdom 236

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 11, 2012

60% of ground-level ozone (O 3 ) precursors, 6% of fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ), and 22% of greenhouse gases (GHGs) emitted. emissions owing to reduced coal mining activity caused by excess electricity generation in biorefineries which is sold to the electrical grid and assumed to offset electricity produced elsewhere.

Gasoline 236

Gasoline Emissions Gasoline-Electric Pollution 236

Green Car Congress

APRIL 13, 2014

Increased use of coal relative to other energy sources has reversed the long?standing Additionally, reducing transport emissions of particulate matter (including black carbon), tropospheric ozone and aerosol precursors (including NO x ) can have human health and mitigation co?benefits benefits in the short term.

Emissions 257

Emissions Climate Change 2000 Climate 257

Blink Charging

SEPTEMBER 12, 2023

In addition, other studies have shown that increases in PM 2.5 , NO 2 , and ozone were associated with lower test scores that were “equivalent to the effects of short-term reductions of thousands of dollars in district median household income.”

Fleet 123

Fleet Pollution Diesel Ozone 123

Green Car Congress

JUNE 9, 2009

Mikhail Chester and Arpad Horvath inventoried on-road, rail, and air travel to determine energy consumption, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and criteria air pollutant (CAP) emissions (excluding PM, lead, and ozone due to lack of data). 83% of rail passenger kilometers are performed by metropolitan systems (with Amtrak serving the remaining).

Light 150

Light Emissions Energy Boston 150

Green Car Congress

APRIL 1, 2009

The draft promotes development of carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) technologies to establish a continuing place for coal in the US energy mix. The draft includes a CCS early demonstration program, incentives for the wide-scale commercial deployment of CCS, and performance standards for new coal-fired power plants.

Climate 186

Climate Standards Carbon California 186

Green Car Congress

MAY 5, 2014

Ozone pollution across the continental United States will become far more difficult to keep in check as temperatures rise, according to new work led by the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR). Ozone formation. Even short periods of unhealthy ozone levels can cause local death rates to rise. Scenario A2 and RCP 8.5.

Ozone 199

Ozone Climate Change Pollution Climate 199

Green Car Congress

JUNE 15, 2011

Fast action on pollutants such as black carbon, ground-level ozone and methane may help limit near term global temperature rise and significantly increase the chances of keeping temperature rise below 2 °C (3.6 °F)—and ventilation air from coal mines. Replacing coal by coal briquettes in cooking and heating stoves.

Ozone 218

Ozone Carbon Climate Change Global 218

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 21, 2009

Reducing emissions of black carbon soot and ground-level ozone would quickly make a considerable dent in the climate change problem and would also contribute to public health and protect crop yields, according to an essay in the September/October issue of Foreign Affairs. Besides a danger to breathe, ozone lowers crop yields.

Climate Change 262

Climate Change Ozone Climate Carbon 262

Tony Karrer Delicious EVdriven

APRIL 20, 2009

That being said, even a car that derives its energy from coal power plants would be far more clean. Having centralized energy production in that way allows for centralized pollution control measures, filters, so-called "clean coal" rather than depending on X number of cars, manufacturers, and consumers to deal with pollution control.

Recharge 75

Recharge Plug Electric Vehicles 2009 75

Green Car Congress

JULY 24, 2009

A) shows the base case peak concentrations for O 3 (ozone), ClNO and HCl in parts-per-billion by volume (ppbv). (B) Under extreme circumstances, this previously unknown chemistry could account for up to 40 parts per billion (ppb) of ozone; the current US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 8-hour average standard is 75 ppb.

Ozone 150

Ozone Pollution 2009 Coal 150

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 13, 2012

Methane is both a potent greenhouse gas and an important precursor to ground-level ozone. Ozone, a key component of smog and also a greenhouse gas, damages crops and human health. Tropospheric ozone and black carbon (BC) contribute to degraded air quality and global warming.

Carbon 257

Carbon Ozone Emissions International 257

Green Car Congress

MARCH 25, 2014

Poor women and children pay a heavy price from indoor air pollution since they spend more time at home breathing in smoke and soot from leaky coal and wood cook stoves. million deaths in 2012 in households cooking over coal, wood and biomass stoves. Ozone is a major factor in asthma morbidity and mortality. g/m 3 8-hour mean.

Pollution 358

Pollution Global Ozone 2012 358

Green Car Congress

JULY 6, 2010

This proposal reduces emissions contributing to fine particle (PM 2.5 ) and ozone nonattainment that often travel across state lines. SO 2 and NO x react in the atmosphere to form fine particle pollution and ground-level ozone (smog), which are linked to widespread illnesses and premature deaths. NO x emissions would drop by 52%.

Pollution 218

Pollution EPA Transportation DC 218

Green Car Congress

JULY 29, 2010

Soot—black and brown particles that absorb solar radiation—comes from two types of sources: fossil fuels such as diesel, coal, gasoline, jet fuel; and solid biofuels such as wood, manure, dung, and other solid biomass used for home heating and cooking around the world. Dessler et al., 2008] and methane [Schutz et al., Guenther et al.,

Global 230

Global Ozone CO2 Pollution 230

Green Car Congress

APRIL 10, 2019

and tropospheric ozone. This assessment also tracks exposure to household air pollution from burning fuels such as coal, wood, or biomass for cooking. Ozone accounted for about 472,000 early deaths in 2017. Numbers of deaths attributable to air pollution in countries around the world in 2017. Ambient PM 2.5 accounted for 2.9

Pollution 273

Pollution Ozone 2017 2019 273

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 29, 2013

1,000 to 21,000) deaths due to changes in ozone concentrations. 900 to 11,000) ozone-related early deaths per year. 300 to 4,000) ozone-related premature mortalities per year. 2000 (90% CI: 0–4,000) early deaths from ozone, according to the study. 53,000 (90% CI: 24,000–95,000) PM 2.5 related premature deaths and ?5,000

MIT 378

MIT Emissions Ozone Power 378

Green Car Congress

APRIL 18, 2018

Ozone, another important component of outdoor air pollution, whose levels are on the rise around the world, contributed to 234,000 deaths from chronic lung disease. Population-weighted seasonal average ozone concentrations in 2016. coal, wood, and dung) for cooking and heating. coal, wood, and dung) for cooking and heating.

Pollution 218

Pollution Coal 2016 India 218

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 27, 2020

and that due to ambient ozone pollution increased by 139.2%. These increases in deaths from ambient air pollution reflect increasing emissions from cars, trucks, and buses, as well as the widespread use of coal to generate electricity in India.

Pollution 321

Pollution India 2019 Boston 321

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 6, 2015

Additionally, the study found that the population-weighted mean concentrations of ozone increased globally by 8.9% An additional 217,000 deaths were attributable to long-term ozone exposure. and ozone (O 3 ). and ozone (O 3 ). Somewhat similar patterns were also evident for ozone.

2013 150

2013 Ozone Asia Africa 150

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 12, 2016

of all global deaths) caused by outdoor fine particulate air pollution and an additional 215,000 deaths from exposure to ozone. In China, burning coal is the biggest contributor to poor air quality. Our study highlights the urgent need for even more aggressive strategies to reduce emissions from coal and from other sectors.

Pollution 150

Pollution Coal Asia 2013 150

Blink Charging

APRIL 21, 2022

According to Forbes , studies have found that solar and wind power is often cheaper than power from fossil fuels, even without financial assistance, and their daily operations undercut even the most cost-effective coal plants. Some of the effects of pollution, such as depleting the ozone layer, affect both environmental and human health.

Green 52

Green Energy Pollution Ozone 52