Green Car Congress

APRIL 28, 2014

DICE involves converting coal or biomass into a water-based slurry (called micronised refined carbon, MRC) that is directly injected into a large, specially adapted diesel engine. CSIRO is excited about the potential for DICE to lower power costs, halve carbon dioxide intensity and create a new export market for both brown and black coal.

Coal 257

Coal Carbon Engine Emissions 257

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 20, 2011

World oil prices remain high in the IEO2011 Reference case, but oil consumption continues to grow; both conventional and unconventional liquid supplies are used to meet rising demand. In the IEO2011 Reference case the price of light sweet crude oil (in real 2009 dollars) remains high, reaching $125 per barrel in 2035.

Oil-Sands 220

Oil-Sands Oil 2008 Oil Prices 220

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 12, 2012

Profound shifts in the regional distribution of oil demand and supply growth will redefine the refining industry and transform global oil trade over the next five years, according to the annual Medium-Term Oil Market Report (MTOMR) released by the International Energy Agency (IEA). The oil market is at a crossroads.

Oil 255

Oil Oil-Sands Global Oil Prices 255

Green Car Congress

MAY 15, 2012

The National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) has released a follow-on study to its 2009 evaluation of the economic and environmental performance of Coal-to-Liquids (CTL) and CTL with modest amounts of biomass mixed in (15% by weight) for the production of zero-sulfure diesel fuel. This equates to diesel prices in the range of $2.70

Coal 225

Coal Diesel Oil Prices Water 225

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 25, 2009

Australia’s Syngas Limited has engaged Rentech to provide Fischer-Tropsch fuels production preliminary engineering services for Syngas’ proposed commercial scale coal and biomass to liquids (CBTL) fuels facility in Southern Australia, known as the Clinton Project. Additionally, the Clinton coal fluidizes well. Gas Conditioning.

Coal 218

Coal Australia Diesel Oil Prices 218

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 13, 2013

China is about to become the largest oil-importing country and India becomes the largest importer of coal by the early 2020s. The Middle East becomes the world’s second-largest gas consumer by 2020 and third-largest oil consumer by 2030, redefining its role in global energy markets. Mobility and oil. Source: IEA.

Oil 275

Oil 2013 Energy Emissions 275

Green Car Congress

JUNE 10, 2011

SES and Zuari have been investigating business development opportunities where SES’ U-GAS technology for coal gasification can be integrated into industrial projects in India, including the potential for application of the U-GAS technology in Zuari’s own industrial plants and potential plant expansions.

Coal 199

Coal India Industry Industrial 199

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 24, 2010

Comparison of coal consumption and CO 2 emissions for co-production and separate production of liquids and power. Conventional CTL plant gasifies coal to produce a syngas which is then converted in a Fischer-Tropsch reactor to products. Even with CCS, the liquid product costs are comparable to recent crude oil prices.

Coal 231

Coal Oil Prices CO2 Gas-Electric 231

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 16, 2013

Domestic crude oil production increases sharply in the AEO2014 Reference case, with annual growth averaging 0.8 While domestic crude oil production is projected to level off and then slowly decline after 2020 in the Reference case, natural gas production grows steadily, with a 56% increase between 2012 and 2040, when production reaches 37.6

Oil 290

Oil Light Energy Vehicles 290

Green Car Congress

JULY 25, 2013

The Brent crude oil spot price averaged $112 per barrel in 2012, and EIA’s July 2013 Short-Term Energy Outlook projects averages of $105 per barrel in 2013 and $100 per barrel in 2014. Biomass Climate Change Coal-to-Liquids (CTL) Emissions Forecasts Fuels Gas-to-Liquids (GTL) Market Background' Liquid fuels.

2010 317

2010 Transportation Fuel Energy 317

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 13, 2011

Change in primary oil demand by sector and region in the central New Policies Scenario, 2010-2035. Under the WEO 2011 central scenario, oil demand rises from 87 million barrels per day (mb/d) in 2010 to 99 mb/d in 2035, with all the net growth coming from the transport sector in emerging economies. Click to enlarge. billion in 2035.

Oil 247

Oil Transportation Cheap Energy 247

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 15, 2010

Examples of emerging oil sands related technologies and trade-offs. The paper is an examination of how various choices about the scale of the life cycle analysis applied to oil sands (i.e., The source material is neither oil nor tar but bitumen, but is most generally described as an example of ultraheavy oil.”.

Oil-Sands 225

Oil-Sands Oil Emissions Coal 225

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 11, 2023

Despite efforts to continue stimulating the US economy in the wake of the pandemic, high inflation put a damper on economic growth, which was exacerbated by a spike in oil prices as a result of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. Consequently, the US economy grew 1.9% in 2022, down from a 5.7% GDP increase in 2021.

Emissions 273

Emissions Oil Prices 2005 Coal 273

Green Car Congress

JUNE 5, 2012

The break-even crude oil price for a delivered biomass cost of $94/metric ton when hydrogen is derived from coal, natural gas or nuclear energy ranges from $103 to $116/bbl for no carbon tax and even lower ($99–$111/bbl) for the carbon tax scenarios. —Singh et al.

Oil Prices 236

Oil Prices Tax Coal Hydrogen 236

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 23, 2012

Under the Reference case, domestic crude oil production is expected to grow by more than 20% over the coming decade; already, domestic crude oil production increased from 5.1 Over the next 10 years, continued development of tight oil (e.g., Over the next 10 years, continued development of tight oil (e.g.,

Oil 210

Oil 2005 Production 2010 210

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 7, 2021

Renewables will be the primary source for new electricity generation, but natural gas, coal, and increasingly batteries will be used to help meet load and support grid reliability. Oil and natural gas production will continue to grow, mainly to support increasing energy consumption in developing Asian economies. —Stephen Nalley.

Global 259

Global Emissions Energy Asia 259

Green Car Congress

JULY 2, 2013

In contrast to arguments that peak conventional oil production is imminent due to physical resource scarcity, a team from Stanford University and UC Santa Cruz has examined the alternative possibility of reduced oil use due to improved efficiency and oil substitution. 2010, to above 140 $/bbl in constant 2010 dollars).

Oil 207

Oil Oil-Sands Fuel Economy Transportation 207

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 25, 2009

The five different fuel groups were those derived: from conventional petroleum; from unconventional petroleum; synthetically from natural gas, coal, or combinations of coal and biomass via the FT process; renewable oils; and alcohols. million bpd. Reduced GHG impact. For CTL, life-cycle GHG emissions would roughly double.

MIT 250

MIT Oil-Sands Commercial Available 250

Green Car Congress

MAY 12, 2011

Energy executives expect continued volatility in the price-per-barrel of oil for the remainder of the year, with 64% predicting crude prices to exceed $121 per barrel. Only 35% think current crude prices are near the high they expect for oil this year, predicting the peak will be between $111 and $120 per barrel.

Oil 225

Oil Energy 2011 Wind 225

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 19, 2011

Natural gas is projected to be the fastest growing fossil fuel, and coal and oil are likely to lose market share as all fossil fuels experience lower growth rates. OECD oil demand peaked in 2005 and in 2030 is projected to be roughly back at its level in 1990. Oil, excluding bio-fuels, will grow relatively slowly at 0.6%

Energy 210

Energy Economy Global Oil-Sands 210

Green Car Congress

MAY 24, 2012

Coal accounted for 45% of total energy-related CO 2 emissions in 2011, followed by oil (35%) and natural gas (20%). China made the largest contribution to the global increase, with its emissions rising by 720 million tonnes (Mt), or 9.3%, primarily due to higher coal consumption. This represents an increase of 1.0 In 2011, a 6.1%

2011 230

2011 Emissions Global CO2 230

Green Car Congress

JUNE 26, 2009

In addition to high oil prices and the financial crisis, the increased use of new renewable energy sources, such as biofuels for road transport and wind energy for electricity generation, had a noticeable and mitigating impact on CO 2 emissions. Fossil oil consumption decreased by one per cent, due to high prices and more biofuels.

2008 170

2008 Oil Renewable Emissions 170

Green Car Congress

JULY 20, 2012

savings stimulated by high oil prices led to a decrease of 3% in CO 2 emissions in the European Union and of 2% in both the United States and Japan. tonnes per capita, despite a decline due to the recession in 2008-2009, high oil prices and an increased share of natural gas. Coal consumption in China increased by 9.7%

2011 236

2011 Emissions CO2 Global 236

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 15, 2014

In their analysis, the authors examined the effect of 5 factors on EDV deployment: crude oil and natural gas prices; a federal CO 2 policy; a federal renewable portfolio standard (RPS); and EDV battery cost. No EDV deployment occurs with high battery costs, low oil prices, and no CO 2 policy.

Emissions 236

Emissions Oil Prices Vehicles Oil 236

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 25, 2011

If the US military increases its use of alternative jet and naval fuels that can be produced from coal or various renewable resources, including seed oils, waste oils and algae, there will be no direct benefit to the nation’s armed forces, according to a new RAND Corporation study.

Alternative Fuels 244

Alternative Fuels Fuel Energy Coal 244

Green Car Congress

JUNE 20, 2012

However, the US military can play an important role in promoting stability in major oil producing regions and by helping protect the flow of energy through major transit corridors and on the high seas, the reports suggest. In the lead report, Bartis notes that global oil supplies are finite and thus, at some point, oil production must peak.

Oil-Sands 225

Oil-Sands Price Turkey Fuel 225

Green Car Congress

APRIL 25, 2010

Dimethyl ether is a diesel fuel replacement that can be produced from abundant resources including natural gas, landfill methane, coal and biomass. At current oil prices, DME can be produced and distributed at less than 1/2 the cost of conventional fuel.

Alternative Fuels 231

Alternative Fuels Diesel Engine Companies 231

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 11, 2010

The fortunes of alternative energy have historically waxed and waned with the price levels of oil, gas, and other energy sources, rising when prices are high only to fall once they retreat. Base case economics for EVs in North America are very challenging, absent significant disruption in oil price or battery cost.

Solar 295

Solar Boston Consulting Group Power Powered 295

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 12, 2012

The WEO finds that the extraordinary growth in oil and natural gas output in the United States will mean a sea-change in global energy flows. barely rises in OECD countries, although there is a pronounced shift away from oil, coal (and, in some countries, nuclear) towards natural gas and renewables. Oil demand reaches 99.7

Global 225

Global 2012 Energy Oil 225

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 17, 2009

World production of fossil fuels—oil, coal, and natural gas—increased 2.9% million tons of oil equivalent (Mtoe) per day, according to a Worldwatch Institute analysis. Energy prices reflected this shift: oil peaked at $144 per barrel in July, then fell to $34 per barrel in December. Oil production reached 10.7

2008 150

2008 Oil-Sands Fuel Production 150

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 13, 2011

Electrification will also reduce oil dependence, providing foreign policy benefits and the potential to reduce real oil prices and oil price volatility. With the current fuel mix of the US power sector (about half coal, about 30% “carbon-free”), CO 2 emissions for HEVs and EVs are similar. Policy options.

Transportation 252

Transportation MIT Oil Prices Oil 252

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 8, 2018

However, the study found that the growth of CO 2 emissions by 2030 would only be 1-5% lower than if subsidies had been maintained, regardless of whether oil prices are low or high. First, these subsidies generally apply only to oil, gas, and electricity. This is facilitated by today’s low oil prices.

Emissions 186

Emissions Fuel CO2 Oil 186

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 5, 2012

AEO2013 offers a number of other key findings, including: Crude oil production , especially from tight oil plays, rises sharply over the next decade. Domestic oil production will rise to 7.5 Biofuels grow at a slower rate due to lower crude oil prices and. Overall findings. Biomass and biofuels growth is slower.

Fuel 225

Fuel Energy 2013 Sale 225

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 17, 2010

The Annual Energy Outlook 2011 (AEO2011) Reference case released yesterday by the US Energy Information Administration (EIA) more than doubles the technically recoverable US shale gas resources assumed in AEO2010 and added new shale oil resources. US crude oil production increases from 5.4 trillion cubic feet in 2009 to 9.4

Gas 199

Gas 2011 Price Energy 199

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 7, 2009

Background colors of the cells represent the crude oil price required for economic feasibility. These synthetic fuels are economically competitive with petro-diesel when the crude oil price (COP) is at or above $86 per barrel (based on a 20% rate of return, in January 2008 dollars, with a carbon price of zero).

Carbon 186

Carbon Diesel Fuel Coal 186

Green Car Congress

APRIL 14, 2015

The Annual Energy Outlook 2015 (AEO2015) released today by the US Energy Information Administration (EIA) projects that US energy imports and exports will come into balance—a first since the 1950s—because of continued oil and natural gas production growth and slow growth in energy demand. Tcf in the High Oil and Gas Resource case.

2020 150

2020 Energy Transportation Oil Prices 150

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 3, 2010

California’s LCFS also would have little or no impact on GHG emissions nationwide and would harm our nation’s energy security by discouraging the use of Canadian crude oil—our nation’s largest source of crude—and ethanol produced in the American Midwest. By regulating the fuel pathway of transportation fuels—i.e., NPRA President Charles T.

California 199

California Oil-Sands Oil 2005 199