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Fuel-cycle SO 2 emissions of EVs compared to those of gasoline ICEVs and HEVs in China, current (left) and future (right). The study was published online 24 May in the ACS journal Environmental Science & Technology. Coal-based power dominates in the Northeast and North generation mixes, with a proportion as high as 95-98%.
Flow diagram of coal tar hydrogenation process. Researchers in China report the production of gasoline and diesel from coal tar via an optimized catalytic hydrogenation using two serial fixed beds, the first with a hydrofining catalyst of MoNi/?-Al million tons of coal tar was further processed. Credit: ACS, Kan et al.
Gasoline section shows results for fuel derived from both conventional oil and oil sands. The study also highlights that upstream CH 4 (methane) leakage and venting is a key contributor to the total upstream emissions of natural gas pathways, and can significantly reduce the life-cycle benefit of natural gas compared to coal or petroleum.
In addition to its regional and temporal scope, this study is distinct from earlier LCA literature in four key aspects: This study considers the lifetime average carbon intensity of the fuel and electricity mixes, including biofuels and biogas. This results in significantly lower battery production emissions than in earlier studies.
Renault recently made public the findings of an internal study, published first in October 2011, detailing and comparing the lifecycle assessments (LCAs) of the battery-electric and two internal combustion engined versions (gasoline and diesel) of the Renault Fluence. Gasoline Fluence 16V. Click to enlarge. Diesel Fluence dCi.
(SES), a global energy and gasification technology company that provides products and solutions to the energy and chemicals industries, has entered into a Technical Study Agreement with Ambre Energy of Australia to supply a proprietary gasification design to support Ambre’s development of a planned Coal to Liquids Project (ambreCTL).
Bao Xinhe from the Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics (DICP) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences has achieved the direct synthesis of isoparaffin-rich gasoline from syngas using ZnAlO x -SAPO-11 oxide-zeolite (OXZEO) catalysts. Their study is published in ACS Energy Letters. Credit: Feng Jingyao. 2c00467.
A Technical Feasibility Study (TFS) for a coal-to-methanol (CTM) plant based on the Arckaringa coal resources in Australia has concluded that CTM could be a viable project capable of augmenting the Bankable Feasibility Study (BFS) for Altona Energy’s Arckaringa Clean Energy CTL (coal-to-liquids) and Power Project in South Australia.
At the tailpipe, the TWC ultimately reduced the regulated and unregulated emissions from the methanol-gasoline engine to the same levels as those generated by a conventional gasoline engine. A paper on their study was published online 3 December in the ACS journal Energy & Fuels. —Fan et al. —Fan et al.
In regions where the share of coal-based electricity is relatively low, EVs can achieve substantial GHG reduction, the team reports in a paper in the ACS journal Environmental Science & Technology. According to the 12 th Five-Year Plan of the China Coal Industry (2011?2015)
A) CNG light-duty cars vs. gasoline cars; (B) CNG heavy-duty vehicles vs. diesel vehicles; and (C) combined-cycle natural gas plants vs. supercritical coal plants using low-CH 4 coal. On the one hand, a shift to natural gas is promoted as climate mitigation because it has lower carbon per unit energy than coal or oil.
Pathways for producing liquid fuels from coal. Accelergy Corporation ( earlier post ) is partnering with the Yankuang Group, one of the largest coal companies in China, on a feasibility study for a joint, large-scale, low-carbon, hybrid—i.e., In indirect liquefaction, coal is first gasified to. Source: EMRE.
Methanol-to-gasoline process flow diagram. The resulting methanol would be blended with crude and transported via the trans-Alaska oil pipeline to Valdez, where it would be extracted from the oil and processed via Methanol-to-Gasoline technology into gasoline. Gasoline could be delivered from Valdez at $2.65 Source: EMRE.
The study, which is authored by researchers from seven universities, several national laboratories and federal government bodies and other organizations, is published in the journal Science. Modeling has shown climate benefits from coal to NG switching for power generation over all time periods (i.e., Alvarez et al. number of devices).
In 2003 JEC issued its first Well-to-Wheels study, a type of analysis which takes into account the entire energy lifecycle of fuels and powertrains and their possible combinations. The hybridization option investigated brings an additional energy and GHG reduction of about 30% for gasoline and 20% for diesel hybrid vehicles.
The study’s findings highlight the importance of considering exposures—especially the proximity of emissions to people—when evaluating environmental health impacts for EVs, the team said. note that the focus of their study was motivated in part by the unprecedented rise in popularity of electric two-wheelers in China.
A paper on their study appears in the journal Energy Policy. This study implements three main research contents. (1) Energy demand is able to peak at around 2020, with the peak amount ranging between 86 Mtce and 107 Mtce (million tonnes of coal equivalent), and energy consumption is likely to drop to 70–84 Mtce in 2050.
A new study by a team from UC Berkeley and Stanford University suggests that determining the optimal use of biomass to reduce greenhouse gas emissions—i.e, Using that as an example, the new study by Lemoine et al. notes that those results assume that bioelectricity generation displaces gasoline. Earlier post.)
The Asian Development Bank (ADB) is providing $300 million towards a project that will replace 100,000 gasoline-burning tricycles in the Philippines with electric tricycles, or E-Trikes. Without intervention, the Philippines is on a course to almost quadruple CO 2 emissions in less than 25 years, the ADB said.
Electric vehicles charged in coal-heavy regions can create more human health and environmental damages from life cycle air emissions than gasoline vehicles, according to a new consequential life cycle analysis by researchers from Carnegie Mellon University.
In the Tianjin study, they team fueled a four-cylinder light-duty diesel engine fueled with CFT and DF, identifying 13 individual carbonyl compounds in the exhaust. Kleeman (2008) “Carbonyl Emissions from Gasoline and Diesel Motor Vehicles,”. Jakober, 2008). 133:115–122, doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2014.05.025. 2014.05.025. Jakober, Michael A.
million grant from the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania to move forward on the construction of a facility to demonstrate its integrated coal-biomass-to-liquids (CBTL) technology platform ( earlier post ) at Intertek PARC, located at the U-PARC facility in Pittsburgh. Accelergy Corporation has received a $1.3-million Earlier post.)
WTW energy demand and GHG emissions for EV and PHEV drivetrains for various electricity sources; gasoline ICE vehicle is solid square, hybrid the hollow square. The study by a team at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, reported in the Journal of Power Sources , is novel in three respects, the researchers said.
Headwaters direct coal liquefaction process. Headwaters Inc and Axens are forming a strategic alliance to provide a single-source solution for producing synthetic fuels by direct coal liquefaction (DCL) alone or in combination with refinery residues or biomass. Up to 50% more liquid product per ton of coal. Source: Headwaters.
A new study by Michael Wang and Jeongwoo Han at Argonne National Laboratory and Xiaomin Xie at Shanghai Jiao Tong University assesses the effects of carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology and cellulosic biomass and coal co-feeding in Fischer-Tropsch (FT) plants on energy use and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of FT diesel (FTD).
by Michael Sivak, Sivak Applied Research The overall advantage of battery electric over gasoline vehicles, in terms of well-to-wheels emissions of greenhouse gases, has been well documented. On the two extremes, coal and oil result in about 176 times the emissions from hydro. Natural gas 87.9 Geothermal 16.5 Natural gas 87.9
Whitacre and Jay Apt found that compared to 2005 gasoline fleet efficiency levels, all charging strategies and CD mode efficiencies yield reduction of CO 2. In NYISO home charging does not decrease CO 2 emissions as much as smart or work charging because it is displacing gasoline with plants near the peak, often using oil.
Solid portions represent GHG emissions associated with gasoline propulsion. A new study by researchers at the University of Toronto examines the impact of the interaction between driving patterns (distance and conditions) and the mode of electricity generation (e.g., 100% coal (pulverized coal boiler). Click to enlarge.
billion due to the phenomenon of saturation, according to a new study by Berkeley Lab’s China Energy Group. It is reduced by 900 Mtce to 4600 Mtce in AIS in 2050, a cumulative energy reduction of 26 billion tonnes of coal equivalent from 2005 to 2050. Click to enlarge. Energy demand grows from 2250 Mtce to 5500 Mtce in 2050 under CIS.
They found that electric vehicles (EVs) powered by the present European electricity mix offer a 10% to 24% decrease in global warming potential (GWP) relative to conventional diesel or gasoline vehicles assuming lifetimes of 150,000 km (93,206 miles). They investigated two types of batteries in the EV case: LiFePO 4 and LiNCM.
Researchers from the University of Minnesota have produced a spatially and temporally explicit life cycle inventory (LCI) of air pollutants from gasoline, ethanol derived from corn grain, and ethanol from corn stover for the contiguous US (the lower 48 states). Credit: ACS, Tessum et al. Click to enlarge. the contiguous US).
Coal-powered synthetic natural gas (SNG) plants being planned in China would produce seven times more greenhouse gas emissions than conventional natural gas plants, and use up to 100 times the water as shale gas production, according to a new study by Duke University researchers published in the journal Nature Climate Change.
Increased availability of low CO 2 sources of electricity and hydrogen could counter-intuitively delay, rather than accelerate, a large-scale transition to an electric and/or hydrogen vehicle fleet, according to a new study by researchers from Ford Motor Company and Chalmers University of Technology in Sweden. Wallington et al. Resources.
UC Berkeley Study Concludes Compressed Air Cars Not as Efficient as BEVs. In principle, compressed-air cars [CAC] could compete with BEVs in substituting for gasoline cars. The Smart gasoline version weighs 837 kg, the Smart electric weighs 924 kg; the MDI Airpod weighs 330 kg (with driver). Video of the AirPod at Schiphol.
The study by researchers at MIT also points out that production of the two metals has been increasing by only a few percentage points per year.the availability of REEs appears to be at risk based on a number of factors. Of particular significance, one country (China) controls 98% of current supply (production).
The study investigated the the WTW energy and emissions from the use of natural gas in CNGVs with a range of CNGV fuel economy and natural gas compressor efficiency. EV fuel economy is based on a 2012 Nissan LEAF—99 mpg gasoline equivalent (mpgge) (equivalent to 2.4 —Curran et al. mpgge (equivalent to 7.6
The study, in press in the Journal of Power Sources , examines the efficiency and costs of current and future EVs, as well as their impact on electricity demand and infrastructure for generation and distribution, and thereby on GHG emissions. All reference car configurations except the diesel use gasoline engines, because the.
Project developers in both China and Canada are moving forward with new coal-to-liquid (CTL) fuel facilities, according to the Coal-to-Liquids Coalition (CTLC). The project is ultimately expected to convert approximately 3 million tons of coal annually to produce an output of 80,000 barrels of oil products daily. Earlier post.)
For the study, they define EVs as including both battery-electric (BEV) and plug-in hybrid electric (PHEV) vehicles. Total GHG emissions from electricity generation and vehicle gasoline consumption, in the United States Eastern Interconnection in 2030, for 0%, 20%, and 100% EV adoption scenarios. —Choi et al.
Full-fuel-cycle GHG emissions estimates for reformulated gasoline pathways by LCA study. Nominal value of 70 g CO 2 /MJ for combustion emissions is applied evenly across all studies. These include oil sands, enhanced oil recovery, coal-to-liquids and gas-to-liquids synthetic fuels, and oil shale. Credit: ACS, Brandt 2012.
Wilson Fellow for Energy Studies at the Baker Institute; Francisco Monaldi, fellow in Latin American energy policy at the Baker Institute; and Walid Matar of the King Abdullah Petroleum Studies and Research Center.
Highly turbocharged alcohol-fueled direct-injection spark-ignition (DISI) engines operated at a high compression ratio could be as or more efficient than diesel engines while also providing advantages of lower vehicle cost, lower emissions and higher power, according to a recent modeling study by Leslie Bromberg and Daniel Cohn at MIT.
Rice University researchers have determined a more effective way to use natural gas to reduce climate-warming emissions would be in the replacement of existing coal-fired power plants and fuel-oil furnaces rather than burning it in cars and buses. However, residential uses and exports of natural gas were not considered in those comparisons.
A US-wide county-level study comparing lifecycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from several light-duty passenger gasoline and plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) has found that PEVs can have larger or smaller carbon footprints than gasoline vehicles depending on regional factors and the specific vehicle models being compared.
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