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While oil will remain the most widely used fuel, overall energy demand will be reshaped by a continued shift toward less-carbon-intensive energy source as well as steep improvements in energy efficiency in areas such as transportation, where the expanded use of advanced and hybrid vehicles will help push average new-car fueleconomy to 48 mpg (4.9
However, they also noted, high PTW efficiencies and the moderate fueleconomies of current compressed natural gas vehicles (CNGVs) make them a viable option as well. The study investigated the the WTW energy and emissions from the use of natural gas in CNGVs with a range of CNGV fueleconomy and natural gas compressor efficiency.
The current vehicle footprint-based Corporate Average FuelEconomy (CAFE) standards create a financial incentive for automakers to increase vehicle size, except under certain limited conditions of consumer preference for vehicle size, according to a study by University of Michigan researchers Kate Whitefoot and Steven Skerlos.
Technology warming potential (TWP) for three sets of natural gas fuel-switching scenarios. (A) A) CNG light-duty cars vs. gasoline cars; (B) CNG heavy-duty vehicles vs. diesel vehicles; and (C) combined-cycle natural gas plants vs. supercritical coal plants using low-CH 4 coal. Source: Alvarez et al. Click to enlarge.
For the diesel truck, the overall energy use is composed of upstream efficiency of diesel fuel production and vehicle operation efficiency. Monte Carlo simulation results for different drive cycles (as a proxy for fueleconomy), operational ranges (64 or 80 km; 40 or 50 miles), EVSE Level 1 or 2, and battery replacement (0 or 1) scenarios.
tons of coal burned in a power-generation plant. Further improving its on-road performance, FCA’s TorqueFlite eight-speed automatic transmission benefits fueleconomy, whether mated to the 2.0-liter CO 2 e output from 7.7 CO 2 e produced when powering 2.4 average American homes for one year. liter turbocharged I-4 or the 3.6-liter
In 2009, the carbon intensity of the electric power sector decreased by nearly 4.3%, primarily due to fuel switching as the price of coal rose 6.8% Increased use of natural gas in place of coal caused the sector’s carbon intensity to decrease. The fueleconomy of the total US fleet improved from 27 mpg US in 2008 to 28.5
The rising fueleconomy of LDVs more than offsets the modest growth in VMT, resulting in a 25% decline in LDV energy consumption decline between 2012 and 2040 in the AEO2014 Reference case. Natural gas overtakes coal as the largest fuel for US electricity generation. from 2012 to 2040, compared to 1.2% per year, from 21.5
In China, 85% of electricity production is from fossil fuels, of which ?90% 90% is from coal. 1 , equivalent to a gasoline car with a fueleconomy of 5.6 L/100km (or 42 mpg US). 1 , equivalent to a gasoline car with a fueleconomy of 5.6 L/100km (or 42 mpg US). in most cities.
MPG ghg (0.05 L/100 km) for a BEV; on the other extreme are Botswana and Gibraltar (which generate 100% of their electricity from coal and oil), each with 29.0 MPG ghg (8.1 MPG ghg (4.2 MPG ghg (4.2 MPG ghg (4.6 MPG ghg (5.9 Color-coded world map of MPG-equivalent values (MPG ghg ) for BEVs.
Among medium- and heavy-trucks, Class 8 trucks are the largest CO 2 emitters and fuel users, consuming two-thirds of all truck fuel, or 1.57 Current fueleconomy for Class 8 trucks is estimated by the US Department of Energy at 6.0 mpg and projected to rise modestly to 6.8 mpg by 2025 (EIA, 2009).
Where energy resources are concerned, lignite, hard coal and uranium figure principally in car production. Natural gas and crude oil are strongly influenced by fuel consumption during the use phase. The C 180 with manual transmission shows a drop in fuel consumption in comparison to its predecessor from between 7.6 l/100 km (36.8
Even then the US is unlikely to reach a 50% reduction in petroleum use by 2030 because very little time remains for achieving the required massive changes in the on-road LDV fleet and/or its fuel supply. Many of the vehicles on the road in 2030 will have been built by 2015, and these will lower the fueleconomy of the on-road fleet.
By 2040, natural gas is expected to account for more than a quarter of global energy use, surpassing coal in the overall mix. Still, over time, global coal demand is expected to remain most prominent in Asia Pacific, primarily to support growing power-generation requirements. Fuel efficiency. billion in 2040. l/100 km) in 2010.
However, fuel demand will plateau and gradually decline as consumers turn to smaller, lighter vehicles and technologies improve fueleconomy. As a result, the average efficiency of the world’s vehicle fleet is projected to reach about 46 mpg (about 5.1 liters per 100 km) compared to 24 mpg (9.8
quadrillion Btu in 2035, as a result of fueleconomy improvements achieved through stock turnover as older, less efficient vehicles are replaced by newer, more fuel-efficient vehicles. Beyond 2035, LDV energy demand begins to level off as increases in travel demand begin to exceed fueleconomy improvements in the vehicle stock.
Global vehicle fuel efficiency - projections. Cars and other LDVs will become more fuel-efficient through 2040, ,with the average fueleconomy rising from 25 mpg to about 45 mpg and average fuel consumption dropping by half, to about 5 liters/100 km. Source: ExxonMobil. Click to enlarge.
Fueleconomy standards and changing driver behavior keep motor gasoline consumption below recent levels through 2040 in the Reference case. quadrillion Btu—as a result of increases in demand for personal travel and movement of goods that outstripped gains in fuel efficiency. mpg in 2013 to 37.0 mpg in 2040.
It does include the revised handling of fueleconomy standards to reflect the proposal for light-duty vehicles in model years 2012-2016. New light duty vehicle efficiency reaches 40 mpg by 2035. The reference case projections do not include the effects of potential future policies that have not yet become law—e.g., Source: EIA.
Closer to home, the federal fueleconomy standards require the average fleet fueleconomy of OEMs that sell vehicles in the USA to be 35.5 mpg by 2016. These companies have sunk costs invested in coal, gas and oil plants and are content in maximizing the return on these investments.
How does this sound: 100+ MPG in a regular vehicle? Plug-In Hybrids Are Cleaner (Even on a Coal Grid) [ to top ] This entire section is finally obsolete -- because we now have a definitive study by the Electric Power Research Institute and the Natural Resources Defense Council. What Are Plug-In Hybrids? The GREET 1.6
The company expects to demonstrate that during an eight hour delivery day simulation this plug-in hybrid vehicle can exceed 150 miles while exhibiting an efficiency of over 75 mpg (miles per gallon). Night time electric power is available from many renewable resources therefore reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.
"However," he continued, "If carmakers decide not to take advantage of this offer, AFS Trinity intends to raise the funds to begin modifying existing hybrids or manufacture its own 150 mpg SUVs and, eventually, 250 mpg sedans. It also may have a rheostat so drivers can select a performance or fuel-economy mode.
It says the Volt is too little, too lateand too expensive to save the beleaguered automaker, and it recently chastised GM for pumping so much money into the Volt instead of developing more fuel-efficient gasoline cars. GM is developing more fuel-efficient vehicles. It offers 18 models that deliver 30 mpg or more.
Trump also froze fines for fleet fuel-economy violators , after his administration lost a court battle to roll the fine amounts back—another move that indirectly likely suppressed the EV market. There’s been no about-face to a clean-energy economy. That said, coal is no longer specifically one of Trump’s crusades in 2024.
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