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An Ohio State University team has demonstrated the successful operation of Coal-Direct Chemical Looping (CDCL)—which chemically harnesses coal’s energy and efficiently contains the carbon dioxide produced before it can be released into the atmosphere. Hot iron and coal ash are left behind. 2 millimeters across.
World energy consumption projections expect coal to stay one of the world’s main energy sources in the coming decades, and a growing share of it will be used in CT—the conversion of coal to liquid fuels (CTL). By 2020, CTL is expected to account for 15% of the coal use in China. —Wang et al.
The lab’s flash Joule heating process, introduced several years ago to produce graphene from any solid carbon source ( earlier post ), has now been applied to three sources of rare earth elements—coal fly ash, bauxite residue and electronic waste—to recover rare earth metals. —Deng et al. Courtesy of the Tour Group.
Ramaco Carbon is partnering with Oak Ridge National Laboratory to develop new, large-scale processes for making graphite from coal. The conversion of coal to higher value materials, such as graphene, graphite or carbon nanotubes, is of high interest, and a number of researchers have proposed processes.
The Clean Coal Task Force (CCTF) was created in 2007 by the Wyoming State Legislature to help secure Wyoming’s financial future by preserving the value of coal, an important export from the state. The newly approved projects will receive $8,769,713, the largest single annual funding in the history of the fund.
The Department of Energy (DOE) is funding six research and development projects that will repurpose domestic coal resources for high-value graphitic products and carbon-metal composites that can be employed in clean energy technologies. Earlier post.) Understanding ultra-conductive carbon metal composite wire for electric motors.
Awardees will receive approximately $16 million to advance the gasification process, which converts carbon-based materials such as coal into syngas for use as power, chemicals, hydrogen, and transportation fuels. Advanced Gasifier and Water-Gas Shift Technologies for Low-Cost Coal Conversion to High-Hydrogen Syngas.
C2CNT was founded by Dr. Stuart Licht, a Professor at George Washington University, a former Program Director in Chemistry at the National Science Foundation and a Fellow of the Electrochemical Society. The carbon nanotubes are valued at more than $100,000 per tonne—a thousand-fold greater than coal.
The US Department of Energy (DOE) selected eight projects to advance the development of transformational oxy-combustion technologies capable of high-efficiency, low-cost carbon dioxide capture from coal-fired power plants. University of Kentucky Research Foundation. Washington University. Babcock & Wilcox Power Generation Group.
Researchers at The Ohio State University have used a chemical looping process to produce hydrogen from hydrogen sulfide gas—commonly called “sewer gas”. The team first used chemical looping on coal and shale gas to convert fossil fuels into electricity without emitting carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.
Overview of the bluegas catalytic coal methanation process. By comparison, syngas resulting from conventional gasification cannot be converted to pipeline quality natural gas without further processing, thereby adding cost. Click to enlarge.
Comparison of coal consumption and CO 2 emissions for co-production and separate production of liquids and power. Conventional CTL plant gasifies coal to produce a syngas which is then converted in a Fischer-Tropsch reactor to products. Tags: Coal-to-Liquids (CTL) Emissions. Source: Mantripragada and Rubin.
For decades, Sasol has been using its Fischer-Tropsch (FT) technology to convert low-grade coal and gas into synthetic fuels and chemicals. There are two ways to convert CO 2 into a useful range of products using FT chemistry. The synthesis gas is then reacted over a suitable FT catalyst, to produce hydrocarbons and water.
A new study by Michael Wang and Jeongwoo Han at Argonne National Laboratory and Xiaomin Xie at Shanghai Jiao Tong University assesses the effects of carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology and cellulosic biomass and coal co-feeding in Fischer-Tropsch (FT) plants on energy use and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of FT diesel (FTD).
Biocoal exhibits the same energy density and material handling properties as coal, but unlike coal, it is carbon-neutral, contains no heavy metals, and produces less ash, smoke and volatile off-gases. The locomotive will run on torrefied biomass (biocoal), a biofuel created through an energy-efficient processing of cellulosic biomass.
The zeolite catalyst then converts these hydrogenated products into light olefins and aromatic hydrocarbons in a yield as much as three times higher than that produced with the pure pyrolysis oil. Zeolite catalysts convert the biomass feedstocks into aromatics and olefins, which can fit easily into the existing infrastructure.
Advanced Coal Technologies. China is rapidly deploying supercritical and ultra-supercritical coal combustion plants, which have fewer emissions and are more efficient than conventional coal plants because they burn coal at much higher temperatures and pressures. Supercomputing.
A team led by the University of Alberta has confirmed that inorganic mercury (Hg) found worldwide in ocean water is transformed into monomethylmercury (MMHg)—a potent and bio-accumulative neurotoxin—in the seawater. Methylation, in this case, is the addition of a methyl group to heavy metals catalyzed by certain enzymes.
Researchers at Kyoto University in Japan have proposed a novel two-stage process to convert low-rank coals or biomass wastes under mild conditions to high-quality liquid fuel. for low-rank coals and were as high as 36.7−71.7% —Li et al. The carbon basis soluble yields were 19.4−31.2% for biomass wastes.
In addition, President Obama issued a Presidential Memorandum creating an Interagency Task Force on Carbon Capture and Storage to develop a comprehensive and coordinated federal strategy to speed the development and deployment of advanced lower-emission coal technologies. Biomass Crop Assistance Program.
Professor George Miley of the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign and director of its Fusion Studies Lab, reported on progress toward a “cold fusion battery”—a small power unit that uses a low energy nuclear reaction (LENR) (i.e., Vysotskii is a scientist with Kiev National Shevchenko University in Kiev, Ukraine.
biomass, coal, petroleum coke, and wastes) for the production of an ultra-clean syngas. This syngas can then be used for industrial process heating applications, converted into electricity, or synthesized into fuels or chemicals. OmniGas uses a 1300 °C molten slag to gasify a wide range of hydrocarbon feedstocks (e.g.,
A) CNG light-duty cars vs. gasoline cars; (B) CNG heavy-duty vehicles vs. diesel vehicles; and (C) combined-cycle natural gas plants vs. supercritical coal plants using low-CH 4 coal. On the one hand, a shift to natural gas is promoted as climate mitigation because it has lower carbon per unit energy than coal or oil.
Researchers from Northwestern University and Princeton University have explored the impact on US air quality from an aggressive conversion of internal combustion vehicles to battery-powered electric vehicles (EVs). coal, oil, natural gas, and biomass). Winter O 3 increases due to reduced loss via traffic NO x. Winter while PM 2.5
it needs to be converted into a form that plants can use. Golbeck, Penn State University; Christopher A. Voigt, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Susan Rosser, University of Glasgow; and Bill Rutherford, Imperial College London. Researchers led by Washington University in St. Oxygen-Tolerant Nitrogenase ($1.87M).
LanzaTech, a producer of low-carbon fuels and chemicals from waste gases, was awarded a $4-million grant by the Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy (ARPA-E) as one of the 15 REMOTE projects ( earlier post ) receiving a combined $34 million to find advanced biocatalyst technologies that can convert natural gas to liquid fuel for transportation.
Rice University researchers and colleagues at Princeton and Syzygy Plasmonics have developed a plasmonic photocatalyst for the direct decomposition of hydrogen sulfide gas into hydrogen and sulfur, as an alternative to the industrial Claus process. Image courtesy of Halas Group/Rice University).
The money will help projects further develop their greenhouse gas removal technologies, which include a machine that can pull carbon dioxide out of the air, a plant to convert household waste into hydrogen for use in the transport industry, and a system to remove carbon dioxide from seawater. Lapwing Energy Limited, “Reverse Coal”.
The hydrogen and captured carbon dioxide will then be catalytically converted into methanol, with a daily yield of approximately one ton of methanol using approximately 1.4 CO 2 will be captured from the flue gases in a special downstream flue gas scrubber (Post-Combustion Capture, PCC). tonnes of CO 2.
Today’s technologies for making biofuels all rely on photosynthesis—either indirectly by converting plants to fuels or directly by harnessing photosynthetic organisms such as algae. This process is less than 1% efficient at converting sunlight to stored chemical energy. NC State University. Engineering E. of Georgia).
The sedimentary-clay deposit at Thacker Pass will use similar mining techniques to many coal deposits. In 2019, Lithium Americas entered into a mine design, consulting and mine operations agreement with Sawtooth Mining, a subsidiary of North American Coal.
Researchers at the University of Houston’s physics department and the Texas Center for Superconductivity, MIT and Boston College have found that indium-doped tin telluride (SnTe) shows high thermoelectric performance, with a peak figure of merit (ZT) of ?1.1 atom % In-doped SnTe at about 873 K (600 ° C).
Thermionic energy converters are heat engines that convert heat directly to electricity at very high temperatures. A basic thermionic converter consists of two electrodes separated by a vacuum or a vapor. In 1915, Schlichter published an investigation into the use of thermionic emission for converting heat into electricity.
A team of atmospheric scientists and environmental engineers from Harvard University and Tsinghua University in Beijing have continuously measured atmospheric CO 2 and carbon monoxide (CO) levels in rural Miyun, about 100 km northeast of Beijing, since November 2004. —co-author J. She completed her Ph.D.
Rio Tinto is progressing new technology to deliver low-carbon steel, using sustainable biomass in place of coking coal in the steelmaking process, in a potentially cost-effective option to cut industry carbon emissions. Rio Tinto’s process uses lignocellulosic biomass, instead of coal, primarily as a chemical reductant.
Injection of CO 2 began in a first-of-a-kind US Department of Energy–sponsored field trial of enhanced coalbed methane recovery with simultaneous CO2 sequestration in an unmineable coal seam. MPa) and a rate of about 27 short tons per day over the next 2 years into the center wells in the Upper Freeport coal seam. CONSOL Energy Inc.,
A new study by a team from UC Berkeley and Stanford University suggests that determining the optimal use of biomass to reduce greenhouse gas emissions—i.e, suggested that converting biomass into electricity for EVs abates more GHG emissions than does converting biomass into liquid fuels for use in today’s conventional vehicles.
Researchers from the University of the Witwatersrand (Wits), South Africa and Rutgers University are proposing new Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) reaction chemistry and process designs that they say could increase F-T process efficiency and reduce CO 2 emissions by 15% compared to the conventional process. Credit: Adapted by P. Huey/Science.
Most contemporary DAC approaches utilize energy poorly, as evident by second-law efficiencies for CO 2 separation of 1 to 9% (for comparison, post-combustion capture from coal exhaust attains second-law efficiencies greater than 20%). Energy Transfer Mechanisms.
Plans to develop the Wind Challenger started in 2009 as an industry-academia joint research project led by the University of Tokyo. The system converts wind energy to propulsive force with a telescopic hard sail. In December 2020, MOL reached a coal transport deal with Tohoku Electric Power Co.,
According to the findings by the team from the University of California, Santa Barbara and the Norwegian University of Science and Technology, published in the ACS journal Environmental Science & Technology , even the most land-use efficient biomass-based pathway (i.e.,
We found that converting biomass to electricity rather than ethanol makes the most sense for two policy-relevant issues, transportation and climate.” the other hand, electric transportation also provides a bridge to the use of conventional coal energy for transportation. Elliott Campbell.
Southern Company, El Paso Exploration & Production, the Geological Survey of Alabama, and the University of Alabama are all participating in the field test, known as the Black Warrior CO 2 Storage Project. Coal in the Black Warrior Basin has the potential to sequester 1.1 trillion cubic feet of natural gas from these coal seams.
Researchers at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) are proposing a new process for producing synfuel from biomass using concentrating solar energy as its main energy source. For comparison, they also modeled the production of methanol using only biomass as a fuel and also using coal as source of both carbon and energy.
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