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Big Oil has frequently been chided for merely trying to burnish its green credentials, and so far, it has done little to convince us that it is truly moving forward to greenness. Let this sink in: In 2018, Big Oil spent less than 1% of its combined budget on green energy projects. by Alex Kimani for Oilprice.com. 2 Total SA.
“Blue” hydrogen—produced through steam methane reforming (SMR) of natural gas or coal gasification, but with CO 2 capture and storage—is being described as having low or zero carbon emissions. Our analysis assumes that captured carbon dioxide can be stored indefinitely, an optimistic and unproven assumption.
Overview of the bluegas catalytic coal methanation process. By comparison, syngas resulting from conventional gasification cannot be converted to pipeline quality natural gas without further processing, thereby adding cost. Click to enlarge. Peabody took a minority position in GreatPoint Energy, Inc. Earlier post.).
Comparison of coal consumption and CO 2 emissions for co-production and separate production of liquids and power. Conventional CTL plant gasifies coal to produce a syngas which is then converted in a Fischer-Tropsch reactor to products. Even with CCS, the liquid product costs are comparable to recent crude oil prices.
Overview of the Bluegas catalytic coal methanation process. billion from Wanxiang to finance and construct the first phase of a coal-to-natural gas facility that ultimately will have an annual production capacity of one trillion cubic feet (1 Tcf) (30 billion cubic meters) per year. Click to enlarge. pure methane).
billion went to traditional sources—such as coal and oil—and $2.3 billion went to carbon capture and storage, which is designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from coal-fired power plants. More than half the subsidies for renewables—$16.8 Of the fossil fuel subsidies, $70.2 ELI Senior Attorney John Pendergrass.
Global oil and gas companies are increasingly facing an uphill battle as global warming policies are taking their toll. Most analysts and market watchers are focusing on peak oil demand scenarios, but the reality could be much darker. by Cyril Widdershoven for Oilprice.com.
Change in primary oil demand by sector and region in the central New Policies Scenario, 2010-2035. Under the WEO 2011 central scenario, oil demand rises from 87 million barrels per day (mb/d) in 2010 to 99 mb/d in 2035, with all the net growth coming from the transport sector in emerging economies. Click to enlarge. billion in 2035.
In regions where the share of coal-based electricity is relatively low, EVs can achieve substantial GHG reduction, the team reports in a paper in the ACS journal Environmental Science & Technology. According to the 12 th Five-Year Plan of the China Coal Industry (2011?2015)
Headwaters direct coal liquefaction process. Headwaters Inc and Axens are forming a strategic alliance to provide a single-source solution for producing synthetic fuels by direct coal liquefaction (DCL) alone or in combination with refinery residues or biomass. Up to 50% more liquid product per ton of coal. Source: Headwaters.
A) CNG light-duty cars vs. gasoline cars; (B) CNG heavy-duty vehicles vs. diesel vehicles; and (C) combined-cycle natural gas plants vs. supercritical coal plants using low-CH 4 coal. On the one hand, a shift to natural gas is promoted as climate mitigation because it has lower carbon per unit energy than coal or oil.
Growth of production of Canadian oil sands. The Canadian oil sands are now poised to become the number one source of US crude oil imports in 2010, according to new research from the IHS CERA Canadian Oil Sands Dialogue. The Role of Canadian Oil Sands in US Oil Supply”. Conventional oil uses 0.1
Pyrolysis bio-oils are produced by the thermal decomposition of biomass by heating in the absence of oxygen at more than 500 °C; fast pyrolysis of biomass is much less expensive than biomass conversion technologies based on gasification or fermentation processes. Solid arrows: Pyrolysis oil is directly passed over the zeolite catalyst.
Researchers at Kyoto University in Japan have proposed a novel two-stage process to convert low-rank coals or biomass wastes under mild conditions to high-quality liquid fuel. Also, liquefying high-oxygen content low-ranking coal and biomass also consumes more hydrogen and produces more CO 2 , significantly reducing process efficiency.
Comparison of relative contributions from various sources to total BC emissions between China and other countries/regions including India, North America, and Africa. In addition, predicted oil consumption for use in motor vehicles between 2008 and 2050 were used to develop the inventory. Earlier post.). Credit: ACS, Wang et al.
A team at the University of Calgary (Canada) has compared the energy intensities and lifecycle GHG emissions of unconventional oils (oil sands and oil shale) alongside shale gas, coal, lignite, wood and conventional oil and gas. This is not the same as crude oil occurring naturally in shales, as in the Bakken.
The study was commissioned by the European Oilseed Alliance (EOA), the European Biodiesel Board (EBB) and the European Vegetable Oil and Proteinmeal Industry (FEDIOL). Even for conventional oil production fields, because larger existing fields get depleted, the extraction efforts increase while smaller fields are taken in operation.
Renault’s comparison of the carbon footprint of EV and ICE vehicles over production, operation and end of life. The publication gives the opportunity for an “apples-to-apples” comparison between the environmental impacts of the two types of powertrains: same manufacturer, same model, same boundary conditions. Click to enlarge.
Consistent comparisons between emerging technologies such as EVs and their conventional counterparts are necessary to support policy development, sound research, and investment decisions.The production phase of EVs proved substantially more environmentally intensive. Hawkins et al. Click to enlarge.
Map of the assessment units (AUs) of the CARA is color-coded for mean estimated undiscovered oil. The US Geological Survey (USGS) has completed a geologically-based assessment of the oil and gas resource potential of the Arctic, the Circum-Arctic Resource Appraisal (CARA). Black lines indicate AU boundaries. Source: USGS CARA.
The emissions increase in the United States in 2013 (+2.5%) was mainly due to a shift in power production from gas back to coal together with an increase in gas consumption due to a higher demand for space heating. The consumption of oil products increased by 1.7% The consumption of oil products increased by 1.7%
We have gathered statistical information on energy and energy demand drivers from all different resources, such as the China Environment Yearbook , the Transportation Yearbook , the Power Yearbook , the Iron and Steel Yearbook , the Cement Almanac , statistics of oil companies and power companies. —David Fridley.
The resulting methanol would be blended with crude and transported via the trans-Alaska oil pipeline to Valdez, where it would be extracted from the oil and processed via Methanol-to-Gasoline technology into gasoline. NRC comparison of F-T and MTG. Janus subsidiary acquiring Eastman methanol plant. Source: EMRE.
Large scale production of methanol from natural gas and coal is a well-developed. In comparison, they noted, the technology for bio-chemical ethanol production from cellulosic biomass is not sufficiently developed yet. Methanol first surfaced as a potentially interesting transportation fuel in the wake of the oil crisis in 1973.
Gasification of coal, natural gas, or biomass followed by Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) synthesis of the resultant syngas, with subsequent upgrading to a product slate that includes a synthetic jet fuel. Hydroprocessing of renewable oils to create a hydroprocessed renewable jet (HRJ) fuel. Many other factors have less quantifiable impacts.
Property comparison. Fast Pyrolysis Oil IH 2 product. Compatibility with crude oil or refinery products. GTI has more than 50 years of research and development (R&D) experience in the design, construction, and operation of thermochemical conversion systems for coal and biomass. Heating value. 6,560 Btu/lb.
CO 2 emissions of the C 180 in comparison to its predecessor [t/car]. Where energy resources are concerned, lignite, hard coal and uranium figure principally in car production. Natural gas and crude oil are strongly influenced by fuel consumption during the use phase. Source: Mercedes-Benz. Click to enlarge. l/100 km (36.8
Rice University researchers have determined a more effective way to use natural gas to reduce climate-warming emissions would be in the replacement of existing coal-fired power plants and fuel-oil furnaces rather than burning it in cars and buses.
Comparison of Hg emissions in 2005 and 2010, by selected sector and region. Unintentional emission sectors: Coal burning, ferrous- and non-ferrous (Au, Cu, Hg, Pb, Zn) metal production, cement production. Artisanal and small-scale gold mining and coal burning are the major sources of anthropogenic mercury emissions to air.
the combined heating effect of long-lived greenhouse gases added to the atmosphere by human activities has increased by 29% since 1990, the index year used as a baseline for comparison. Started in 2004, the AGGI reached 1.29 in 2010—i.e., This is slightly higher than the 2009 AGGI, which was 1.27—i.e., —i.e.,
Third, the analysis offers a novel comparison of drivetrain and energy carrier production pathways based on natural resource categories. First, it considers the performance of both mature and novel hydrogen production processes, multiple electricity generation pathways and several alternative drivetrains.
BEVs charged with electricity generated from coal currently have higher life-cycle emissions than ICEVs, whereas the life-cycle emissions of a BEV could be almost 90% lower than an equivalent ICEV using electricity generated from wind power. —“Electric vehicles from life cycle and circular economy perspectives”.
Background colors of the cells represent the crude oil price required for economic feasibility. These synthetic fuels are economically competitive with petro-diesel when the crude oil price (COP) is at or above $86 per barrel (based on a 20% rate of return, in January 2008 dollars, with a carbon price of zero). Tarka et al.
Comparison of GHGenius, JACOBS, TIAX, and the new PRELIM gasoline greenhouse gas (GHG) estimates using base case estimates and variations from the scenario analysis. Annual GHG emissions from a large refinery are comparable to the emissions of a typical 500 MW coal-fired power plant. Credit: ACS, Abella and Bergerson. Click to enlarge.
By comparison, Chinese per capita CO 2 emissions of 6.8 Between 1990 and 2010 they reduced their dependence on coal (from 25% to 20% of total energy production) and oil (from 38% to 36.5%), and shifted towards natural gas (which increased from 23% to 27 %), nuclear energy (from 8% to 9%) and renewable energy (from 6.5%
As an example, sensitivity of LC-GHG emissions from jatropha oil HRD to coproduct usage and allocation assumptions are shown. Baseline value indicates the chosen combination to represent HRD production from jatropha oil. All three examples show a general shortcoming in the displacement approach. —Stratton et al.
A paper by a team from the University of Chicago and MIT suggests that technology-driven cost reductions in fossil fuels will lead to the continued use of fossil fuels—oil, gas, and coal—unless governments pass new taxes on carbon emissions. for oil, 24% for coal, and 20% for natural gas.
The biomass waste will first be converted into pyrolysis oil and then upgraded to diesel. The process uses a new approach to upgrading pyrolysis bio oil and does not produce excessive by-products. The project will develop, test, and evaluate a new process for producing diesel from biomass pyrolysis oil. Lynntech Inc.,
The study, published in the journal Environmental Research Letters , concluded that even under highly optimistic assumptions the compressed-air car is significantly less efficient than a battery electric vehicle and produces more greenhouse gas emissions than a conventional gas-powered car with a coal intensive power mix.
In the US, a combination of demand reduction and displacement of coal-fired power by gas-fired generation is the lowest cost way to reduce CO 2 emissions by up to 50%. Natural gas use in the transportation sector is likely to increase, with the primary benefit being reduced oil dependence.
Russia is the world’s second largest producer of crude oil, behind the United States and ahead of Saudi Arabia, and its second largest exporter, behind Saudi Arabia. On 28 February, British Petroleum announced it would divest itself of its nearly 20 percent share of Rosneft , Russia’s state oil company. Consumption of E.U.-produced
Methane, the main component of natural gas, is released from leaking pipelines, coal mines, oil wells, cattle, rice paddies and landfills. For further comparison, Smith also evaluated these results against what would happen if a comprehensive climate policy were enacted. degrees to a high of 0.35
Methanol can be produced from a range of renewable sources and fossil-fuel based feed-stocks; in practice methanol is mainly produced in coal-rich China from coal. Their results showed that in comparison with gasoline mode, CO emitted in methanol mode decreased 11.2%. Methanol in China. —Wang et al.
The proper comparison between vehicle types is the “wells-to-wheels” basis, where the pollution from extracting the raw materials, shipping, transformation (e.g. Those emissions are however much lower than the corresponding crude oil extraction, refining, and tailpipe emissions. refining), and use are added. 2) The U.S. 2) The U.S.
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