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Hydrogen is not a greenhouse gas, but its chemical reactions in the atmosphere affect greenhouse gases such as methane, ozone, and stratospheric water vapor. The main changes in the radiative forcing due to 1 Tg flux of hydrogen; methane (green bars), ozone (yellow), stratospheric water vapor (purple), and aerosols (red).
Net warming from NO x emissions is a sum over warming (short-term ozone increase) and cooling (decreases in methane and stratospheric water vapor, and a long-term decrease in ozone) terms. Negative RF (cooling) contributions arise from sulfate aerosol production. Net warming from contrail cirrus is a sum over the day/night cycle.
Through a recent modeling experiment, a team of NASA-funded researchers have found that future concentrations of carbon dioxide and ozone in the atmosphere and of nitrogen in the soil are likely to have an important but overlooked effect on the cycling of water from sky to land to waterways. Cronin, J. Melillo, D. Kicklighter, C.
In a new study published online 10 March in the ACS journal Environmental Science and Technology , however, Stanford University professor Mark Jacobson finds that local CO 2 emissions in isolation may increase local ozone and particulate matter. Although the health impacts of such changes are uncertain, he notes, they are of concern.
have developed a simulator able to predict tropospheric ozone concentrations across the whole of South and East Asia. Tropospheric ozone is the main cause of photochemical smog, an atmospheric pollutant harmful to human health and plant growth. Toyota Motor Corporation (TMC) and Toyota Central R&D Labs.,
Researchers in France have found that ozone depletion above Antarctica has significantly reduced the Southern Ocean’s ability to absorb atmospheric CO 2 and has also accelerated acidification of southern polar waters, despite lesser CO 2 uptake. The results revealed that, between 1987 and 2004, around 2.3 Lenton, A., Tagliabue, and J.
The European Parliament is calling for fast action to reduce non-CO 2 climate forcers including black carbon soot, hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), methane, and ground-level ozone, which together are responsible for nearly half of climate forcing. Because these climate forcers are short-lived, reducing them produces a fast climate response.
Among the non-CO 2 pollutants are hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), methane, tropospheric ozone, and black carbon soot. Reducing tropospheric ozone can improve public health as well as agricultural productivity. The next round of UN climate negotiations begins in Cancun today. million lives lost each year due to black carbon soot.
CO2 ratio for this flight track segment decreased from 24.5 VOCs, primarily emitted from the tailpipes of vehicles, are a key ingredient in the formation of ground-level ozone which, at high levels, can harm people’s lungs and damage crops and other plants. ppbv/ppmv to 10.7 Source: Warneke et al. Click to enlarge.
HFCs are powerful greenhouse gases originally developed as substitutes for ozone-depleting chemicals. A binding legal agreement exists that can cut HFCs now—the Montreal Protocol ozone treaty—and many alternatives to HFCs have already been developed and are waiting for the right regulatory incentive from the Montreal Protocol to be deployed.
In the months following a pulse of NO x in the upper atmosphere, ozone production is stimulated causing a short-term warming. The corresponding reduction in CH 4 , which is an important ozone precursor, leads to a long-term reduction in ozone.
1990; Anisimov, 2007] and chemical production of ozone in already-polluted locations [Jacobson, 2008b]. These three gases are all greenhouse gases, and ozone is a surface air pollutant. Warming of the air by any chemical, including soot, enhances natural surface emissions of water vapor [e.g., Dessler et al., Guenther et al.,
million metric tons of avoided ozone-related yield losses of major food crops; $US0.6-2.4 While reductions in particulate matter tend to produce local health benefits, the scientists found health and agricultural benefits from reduced ozone disperse more widely. trillion avoided health damage and $US1.1-4.3
Both studies indicate a qualitatively similar response of a reduction in radiative forcing or an increase in total outgoing radiation for an increase in urban albedo and the values indicate an approximate range in potential emitted CO2 offset that may be expected if urban albedos were increased. —Menon et al.
High Ozone Decreases Yield. In a separate paper to be presented at the meeting, researchers found that high ozone conditions cause a 30% decrease in yield and an increase in the concentration of a group of toxic compounds within oilseed rape plants. Dr Gleadow.
The on-road transportation (ORT) and power generation (PG) sectors are major contributors to CO 2 emissions and a host of short-lived radiatively-active air pollutants, including tropospheric ozone and fine aerosol particles, that exert complex influences on global climate. Unger et al. Click to enlarge.
In addition to CO 2 , other compounds such as ozone (O 3 ) precursors (nitrogen oxides (NO x =NO+NO 2 ), carbon monoxide (CO), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs)) and aerosols such as black carbon (BC) and organic carbon (OC) are emitted by ships. 1 from shipping in 2007, corresponding to 3.3% 1 of the total ship emissions in 2007.
The figure includes the direct effects and those indirect effects due to the production of tropospheric ozone and stratospheric water vapor.) Methane is more than 20 times as effective as CO 2 at trapping heat in the atmosphere—i.e., a global warming potential of 21. of total CH 4 emissions (103.0 Tg CO 2 eq.) Tg CO 2 Eq., Tg CO 2 eq.
Because eliminating BC emissions almost immediately removes atmospheric BC whereas eliminating CO 2 emissions removes atmospheric CO2 over only many decades, eliminating BC can immediately slow down the loss of Arctic ice, whereas eliminating GHG emissions can slow loss only over a longer period. F, with about 40% due to ozone.
Swapping out CO2 for other toxins like ozone and nitrogen oxides is not a solution. As BYD works to eliminate ICE cars, they simultaneously make half their own lineup that depends on ICE obsolete as well.
These were shown to be ozone-depleting, however, and were targeted for phasing out under the 1987 Montreal Protocol. However, HFC-134a, while having zero ozone-depletion potential, has a very high global warming potential—more than 1,500 times as much warming as an equivalent amount of CO 2.
The only difference is that they emit the toxins nitrogen oxides and ozone in lieu of CO2. They should have been called PHICE, rather than PHEVs, as dozens of studies show PHEVs emit just as much as ICE, even when optimally used/charged. We need to get PHEVs off the road almost as quickly as ICE. The other issue is basic economics.
Swapping out CO2 for other toxins like ozone and nitrogen oxides is not a solution. As BYD works to eliminate ICE cars, they simultaneously make half their own lineup that depends on ICE obsolete as well.
ppm was partly due to the strong 2015/2016 El Niño, which triggered droughts in tropical regions and reduced the capacity of “sinks” such as forests, vegetation and the oceans to absorb CO2. It also plays an important role in the destruction of the stratospheric ozone layer which protects us from the harmful ultraviolet rays of the sun.
•Annual GHG emissions reductions were significant in every scenario combination of the study, reaching a maximum reduction of 612 million metric tons in 2050 (High PHEV fleet penetration, Low electric sector CO2 intensity case). Cumulative GHG emissions reductions from 2010 to 2050 can range from 3.4 billion metric tons.
Enhanced weathering – this technique, which utilizes naturally occurring reactions of CO2 from the air with rocks and minerals, was identified as a prospective longer-term option. However, there are some serious questions over adverse effects, particularly depletion of stratospheric ozone.
Researchers from the University of California, Berkeley , found that between 2018 and 2022, CO2 emission from all sources (industries, homes, traffic) across the San Francisco Bay Area dropped around 1.8% According to the research, by comparing the air pollution and CO2 data, the sensors help determine the emission source.
According to the findings, the six key greenhouse gases - carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), hydroflurocarbons (HFCs), perflurocarbons (PFCs) and sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) - threaten the welfare of both current and future generations.
New blog post: Ozone concentrations can impair healthy lungs [link] #. green cars # electric cars # hybrid cars: CO2 data aids car choice [link] #. New blog post: Honda introduces flex fuel car in Brazil [link] #. New blog post: Ford Australia aims to boost efficiency [link] #. New blog post: Riversimple wants council support [link] #.
Professor John Shepherd, who chaired the Royal Society’s geo-engineering study said: “It is an unpalatable truth that unless we can succeed in greatly reducing CO2 emissions we are headed for a very uncomfortable and challenging climate future, and geo-engineering will be the only option left to limit further temperature increases.
And so if you look at the Earth from space and you see that shiny blue marble, the principle is that if you could make the atmosphere or the Earth about 1% more reflective, that you might be able to offset a doubling of CO2 or two or more degrees of warming. And that was based on observations of volcanoes. That’s called stratospheric warming.
Im gonna post a couple excerpts here: Most ozone pollution is caused by motor vehicles, which account for 72% of nitrogen oxides and 52% of reactive hydrocarbons (principal components of smog). (7, Nuclear waste is a problem much harder to solve than CO2, and dams have quite an impact in the environment.
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