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In a study published in the journal Energy Economics , MIT researchers have found that a fuel economy standard is at least six to fourteen times less cost effective than a fueltax when targeting an identical reduction in cumulative gasoline use (20% by 2050). Paltsev, M. Babiker, J.M. 2012.09.001.
Monthly data from the EIA shows that crude oil is 60% of the price of gasoline, 17% is refining costs, 12% is federal and state taxes, and 11% is distribution and marketing. Refined product prices are set by the marginal supply costs of bringing the incremental barrels of products to market.
Taxes are effective at cutting harmful emissions from energy use, but governments could make better use of them. Tax rates were below the low-end estimate of climatecosts (EUR 30/tCO 2 ) for 97% of emissions. These changes mainly result from fueltax reforms in China, India and Mexico, the report said.
The key to obtaining significant reductions in transportation-related GHG emissions is to increase the cost of driving. The economy-wide CO 2 prices applied increase the cost of driving only marginally with respect to the business-as-usual case. Similar results hold for other macroeconomic indicators.
The GFEI, a partnership of international agencies and top energy policy experts, suggests that these cost savings could in part be used to help offset the costs of developing a global market for electric vehicles over this time frame, since the savings are estimated to be at least four times bigger than these costs.
The policy package includes a new fuel economy readiness index, which measures the extent to which countries have implemented steps that will fully exploit the potential of existing fuel economy technologies and maximise their use in vehicles. Policy package.
However, the survey also found that the public may not yet be prepared for the tradeoffs and challenges needed to make these proposals a reality, with majorities rejecting measures such as a floor on gasoline prices, congestion charges, or higher fueltaxes. Anything that increases the cost of driving is soundly rejected by the public.
per gallon fueltax by 2050) could result in an additional reduction of 28% in GHG emissions. Highlights of the nine categories analyzed in the Moving Cooler report include: Pricing and taxes. Tags: Climate Change Emissions Policy. Strong economy-wide pricing measures (such as a $5.00 carbon pricing) are considered.
The total cost of purchasing and driving one—the cost of ownership—has fallen nearly to parity with a typical gasoline-fueled car. Most automotive manufacturers say they plan to use renewable energy in the future, but for now, most battery production relies on electric grids largely powered by fossil fuels.
Overall, we have substantial opportunities for reducing environmental and climate impacts from light-duty road vehicles. However, the flexibility and lower costs of PHEVs appear to trump this simplicity, certainly in the nearer term. BP, Chevron, Concawe, the Department of Energy U.S.-China
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