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Among the many climate-related vulnerabilities that can impact its mission, the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) cites a likely increase in tropospheric ozone pollution as potentially making it more difficult to attain National Ambient Air Quality Standards ( NAAQS ) in many areas with existing ozone problems.
Illustration of projected ozonechanges in the South Coast region due to climatechange in 2050. Areas in orange and red could see ozone concentrations elevated by 9 to 18 parts per billion. Our study reveals that climatechange and regional air pollution are intertwined problems. Click to enlarge.
Significant climate anomalies 2008/2009. Source: ClimateChange Compendium. Losses of tropical and temperate mountain glaciers affecting perhaps 20-25% of the human population in terms of drinking water, irrigation and hydro-power. Click to enlarge. Earlier post.). Earlier post.).
Through a recent modeling experiment, a team of NASA-funded researchers have found that future concentrations of carbon dioxide and ozone in the atmosphere and of nitrogen in the soil are likely to have an important but overlooked effect on the cycling of water from sky to land to waterways. Credit: NASA. Click to enlarge.
It makes an important contribution to the scientific understanding we have of the role of aviation for climatechange—an understanding decision-makers and politicians may need on the way to achieving the goals of the Paris Agreement. This new study is based on a thorough review of a decade of research on aviation emissions.
Unlike exhaust from burning coal and gas that contains CO 2 , burning hydrogen emits only water vapor and oxygen. Hydrogen is not a greenhouse gas, but its chemical reactions in the atmosphere affect greenhouse gases such as methane, ozone, and stratospheric water vapor. Sand et al.
Schematic diagram of the trade-offs between the implications for regional air quality and global climatechange of new policies for management of the atmosphere. The complex roles that ozone and aerosols play in the atmosphere provide examples of such trade-offs. Source: NOAA. Click to enlarge.
The climatechange benefit is estimated for 2050 and human health and crop benefits are for 2030 and beyond. Black carbon and tropospheric ozone are harmful air pollutants that also contribute to climatechange. Click to enlarge. Both near-term and long-term strategies are essential, the report concludes.
Noting the references in scientific and policy literature to the need for fast-action mitigation to help avoid DAI and abrupt climatechanges, the authors define “fast-action” to include regulatory measures that can begin within 2–3 years, be substantially implemented in 5–10 years, and produce a climate response within decades.
The system will graph lifecycle impact for a range of specified powertrains, for a large number of impact categories: Climatechange [kg CO 2 -eq.]. Depletion of fresh water reserves [m 3 ]. Deterioration of the ozone layer [kg CFC-11-eq.]. Depletion of fossil energy resources [kg oil-eq.].
CSIRO scientists have developed a new way to account for ozone in computer simulations of the climate. This latest modeling shows that the oceans take much less ozone out of the atmosphere than previously thought. Ozone (O 3 ) is formed by reactions of chemicals such as nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds—i.e.,
The study will appear next month in the peer-reviewed journal ClimaticChange Letters. Relying more on natural gas would reduce emissions of carbon dioxide, but it would do little to help solve the climate problem. However, the effects of natural gas on climatechange have been difficult to calculate.
succeeded in isolating the simplest CI and reported direct kinetic measurements of its reactions with water, NO, NO 2 , and SO 2. Our results will have a significant impact on our understanding of the oxidizing capacity of the atmosphere and have wide ranging implications for pollution and climatechange. Welz et al.
Aviation climatechange impacts pathway. However, this approach neglects non-CO 2 combustion emissions and effects, namely, soot and sulfate aerosols, water vapor, and NO x. In the months following a pulse of NO x in the upper atmosphere, ozone production is stimulated causing a short-term warming. Click to enlarge.
eutrophication; ET = ecological toxicity; FEC = fossil energy consumption; WU = water use; LO = land occupation; “The rest” includes acidification; smog formation; ozone layer depletion; and human health effects. Error bar shows regional variations for E85. GW = global warming; Eut. Credit: ACS, Yang et al. Click to enlarge.
The proposed cause or contribute finding concludes that that the combined emissions of CO 2 , CH 4 , N 2 O, and HFCs from new motor vehicles and motor vehicle engines contribute to the atmospheric concentrations of these key greenhouse gases and hence to the threat of climatechange.
The seven themes are: Taking Action on ClimateChange. In all of this, we must also recognize that climatechange will affect other parts of our core mission, such as protecting air and water quality, and we must include those considerations in our future plans. Protecting America’s Waters.
That’s three times the amount estimated by the Intergovernmental Panel on ClimateChange (IPCC). This is especially the case for those draining nitrogen-enriched urbanized and agricultural watersheds, highlighting the importance of managing nitrogen before it reaches open water.
The graphs we’ve made available online will enable people to examine the evidence about the major driver of recent climatechange. Data for the synthetic greenhouse and ozone depleting gases, such as CFCs, also are available. —Paul Fraser.
This could explain satellite measurements showing high levels of stratospheric ozone, water vapor and other chemicals over Asia during summer. When sulfur rises into the stratosphere, it can lead to the creation of small particles called aerosols that are known to influence the ozone layer.
The figure includes the direct effects and those indirect effects due to the production of tropospheric ozone and stratospheric water vapor.) ClimateChange Emissions Natural Gas' Methane is more than 20 times as effective as CO 2 at trapping heat in the atmosphere—i.e., a global warming potential of 21.
The Afternoon Constellation, so named because it crosses the equator at approximately 1:30 PM local time every day, consists of five existing satellites in tight formation, collecting simultaneous data on aerosols, clouds, cloud ice, carbon sinks, carbon sources, ozone, particulates, and atmospheric water vapor.
That figure does not include damages from climatechange, harm to ecosystems, effects of some air pollutants such as mercury, and risks to national security, which the report examines but does not monetize. Tags: ClimateChange Emissions Policy. Source: “Hidden Costs of Energy”. Click to enlarge.
Previously, the fact that these compounds are water-soluble never presented any problems since the Atacama Desert is one of the driest regions in the world. However, climatechange has caused an increase in rainfall in recent years, which now raises the issue of environmental contamination. —Anna-Lisa Bachmann.
Transportation sector emission sources include combustion of fuels utilized in-state that are used by on-road and off-road vehicles, aviation, rail, and water-borne vehicles, as well as a few other smaller sources. This is, however, the lowest growth rate over the past 4 years. The inner ring shows the broad Scoping Plan sectors.
The leaders of the world have just returned from the UN's latest climatechange summit, COP26 , in which the countries that have signed on to the Paris Agreement upped their commitments to fight climatechange. IEEE Spectrum : What role does Silver Lining play in climate research or advocacy? In 2015, the U.S.
Life cycle inventories have typically been presented at global, national, or regional levels—sufficient for understanding global processes such as climatechange and fossil fuel depletion, but insufficient for the analysis of local processes such as air pollution, according to the researchers.
As we confront the enormous challenge of climatechange, we should take inspiration from even the most unlikely sources. Take, for example, the tens of thousands of fossil-fueled ships that chug across the ocean, spewing plumes of pollutants that contribute to acid rain, ozone depletion, respiratory ailments, and global warming.
It has been deemed by the EPA that the emissions from new motor vehicles and their engines contribute to these concentrations and threaten climatechange. The analysis also looked at the impact of climatechange on human health and suggests that it may lead to higher levels of ground-level ozone, a harmful pollutant.
In 2004, the Centralina region (the Greater Charlotte metro area, which straddles the North CarolinaSouth Carolina border) was designated as a non-attainment area for ozone under the Clean Air Act. The area stood to lose billions of dollars of federal funding for a wide variety of projects if the areas air quality didnt improve.
Eliza Strickland: Man-made climatechange is already reshaping our planet, and carbon emissions aren’t coming down fast enough to stave off real disaster in the decades to come. It’s often called geoengineering in the popular press, but the preferred term is climate intervention. Transcript. That’s called stratospheric warming.
What I do know, is how fossil fuel vehicles have contributed heavily to poor air quality in our towns and cities, damage to the environment, soil and water quality and have contributed to the depletion of the ozone layer! Maybe, by contrast the Tesla shouts ‘look I’m doing it!’
Warming of the air by any chemical, including soot, enhances natural surface emissions of water vapor [e.g., 1990; Anisimov, 2007] and chemical production of ozone in already-polluted locations [Jacobson, 2008b]. These three gases are all greenhouse gases, and ozone is a surface air pollutant. Dessler et al., Guenther et al.,
The update identifies eight key sectors for ongoing action: Energy; Transportation, fuels, land use and infrastructure; Agriculture; Water; Waste management; Natural lands; Short-Lived Climate Pollutants (such as methane and black carbon); and Green Buildings. Transportation. Environmental Analysis.
MRC lists the amount of chemical usage on its website, monitors chemicals in the water table, doesn’t use the herbicide within the watercourse protection zones, and plans to phase out the use of the chemical by 2020. Looking down to the water from the bridge, one can see fish flitting about in the clear water. Click to enlarge.
A few studies also include other relevant impact indicators as acidification potential, eutrophication potential, ozone depletion potential and various toxicity potentials. However very few studies include water use impacts. In their paper on the impact of ethanol production on nutrient cycles and water quality, Simpson et al.
Up there, 10 to 50 kilometers above the Earth’s surface, ozone molecules absorb the sun’s ultraviolet light, protecting life far below. Even less is understood about the potential risks to people and the environment—could the particles deplete the ozone layer, for example, or significantly alter the weather? Research takes a long time.
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