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the final version of the proposed First Update to the ClimateChange Scoping Plan (First Update). Achieving our long-term climate goal and 2032 ozone standards will require a much deeper penetration of ZEVs into the fleet. The California Air Resources Board (ARB) has released. The draft version was released in February.
A NASA-led study has documented an unprecedented depletion of Earth’s protective ozone layer above the Arctic last winter and spring caused by an unusually prolonged period of extremely low temperatures in the stratosphere. The same ozone-loss processes occur each winter in the Arctic.
Passenger trains and buses cause four to five times less impact than automobile travel for every mile a passenger travels. Findings for freight transport (year 2000) include: The specific climate impact of air transport is 3 to 42 times higher, for a light truck it is 2 to 8 times higher than average truck transport. Technol. ,
Those vertical movements provide a pathway for black carbon, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and other pollutants to ascend into the stratosphere, about 20-25 miles above the Earth’s surface. This could explain satellite measurements showing high levels of stratospheric ozone, water vapor and other chemicals over Asia during summer.
The figure includes the direct effects and those indirect effects due to the production of tropospheric ozone and stratospheric water vapor.) There were more than 1,231,000 miles of distribution mains in 2011, an increase of approximately 287,000 miles since 1990. ClimateChange Emissions Natural Gas'
That figure does not include damages from climatechange, harm to ecosystems, effects of some air pollutants such as mercury, and risks to national security, which the report examines but does not monetize. Damages per vehicle mile traveled were remarkably similar among various combinations of fuels and technologies—the range was 1.2
Ethane reacts with sunlight and other molecules in the atmosphere to form ozone, which at the surface can cause respiratory problems, eye irritation and other ailments and damage crops. The Bakken is part of a 200,000-square-mile basin that underlies parts of Saskatchewan and Manitoba in addition to the two US states.
The on-road transportation (ORT) and power generation (PG) sectors are major contributors to CO 2 emissions and a host of short-lived radiatively-active air pollutants, including tropospheric ozone and fine aerosol particles, that exert complex influences on global climate. Tags: ClimateChange Emissions. Unger et al.
These technologies include, but are not limited to, advanced aftertreatment and waste heat recovery; lean-burn plus lean-NO x emissions traps; integration of zero-emission miles technologies; further refinements in reducing friction and parasitic energy losses; and widespread utilization of renewable and natural gas and hydrogen blends.
OCO-2’s science instrument, comprising three parallel high-resolution, near-infrared spectrometers in a common structure, will collect 24 measurements per second across a field of view of approximately three square kilometers, or one square mile. ClimateChange Emissions Research'
Contributions of regions to total life cycle emissions for three fuels (µg per vehicle-mile traveled per km 2 land area). 60% of ground-level ozone (O 3 ) precursors, 6% of fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ), and 22% of greenhouse gases (GHGs) emitted. Dashed lines show US average emissions. Credit: ACS, Tessum et al. Click to enlarge.
The increased fuel economy of GDI engines means lower CO 2 emissions per mile; however, higher BC [black carbon] emissions (the most-potent absorptive agent of anthropogenic PM) could potentially offset any climate benefits of reduced CO 2 emissions.… We estimate ozone and SOA formation potential. —Saliba et al.
A team from Austria and Norway has found that the climate impact from a long-distance trip (500–1,000 km, or 310–621 miles) can easily vary by a factor of 10 per passenger depending on mode choice, vehicle efficiency, and occupancy. shorter-lived climate forcers (SLCFs). Credit: ACS, Borken-Kleefeld et al.
In 2004, the Centralina region (the Greater Charlotte metro area, which straddles the North CarolinaSouth Carolina border) was designated as a non-attainment area for ozone under the Clean Air Act. km (6 mile) section of the proposed rail line that lay outside Charlottes Mecklenburg County and would therefore not be funded by big city taxes.
Eliza Strickland: Man-made climatechange is already reshaping our planet, and carbon emissions aren’t coming down fast enough to stave off real disaster in the decades to come. It’s often called geoengineering in the popular press, but the preferred term is climate intervention. Transcript. That’s called stratospheric warming.
What I do know, is how fossil fuel vehicles have contributed heavily to poor air quality in our towns and cities, damage to the environment, soil and water quality and have contributed to the depletion of the ozone layer! Maybe, by contrast the Tesla shouts ‘look I’m doing it!’
Many of the strategies employed to reduce GHG emissions will also work to meet the national ambient air quality standard for ozone in 2032. California is also making strides toward reducing the number of miles people drive, through more sustainable local and regional housing, land use, and transportation planning. Low-Carbon Fuels.
In 2014, Volkswagen of America announced that starting with the launch of the zero-tailpipe emissions battery-electric 2015 e-Golf ( earlier post ), it would invest in projects to offset the carbon emissions created from the e-Golf on a full lifecycle basis: production, distribution and up to approximately 36,000 miles (57,936 km) of driving.
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