Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 20, 2017

Container ships (23%), bulk carriers (19%) and oil tankers (13%) accounted for more than half of CO 2 emissions. Ships registered to Panama (15%), China (11%), Liberia (9%), Marshall Islands (7%), Singapore (6%), and Malta (5%) were the largest emitters. The shipping industry is a major emitter of greenhouse gases.

Marshall Islands 150

Marshall Islands Mariner Liberia 2015 150

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 7, 2018

Marine shipping fuels will get cleaner in 2020 when a regulation by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) requires a decrease in the allowable amount of sulfur in fuel oil from 3.5% Some key regions include China, Singapore, Panama, Brazil and coastlines of Asia, Africa and South America. —i.e., Reduction in annual PM 2.5

Standards 170

Standards Climate Fuel Mariner 170

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 1, 2014

Incremental well-to-wheels GHG emissions from WCSB Oil Sands Crudes Compared to Well-to-Wheels GHG Emissions from Displacing Reference Crudes Click to enlarge. Domestic production of crude oil has increased significantly, from approximately 5.5 million bpd in 2010 to 6.5 million bpd in 2012 and 7.5 million bpd by mid-2013. million bpd.

Oil-Sands 220

Oil-Sands Nebraska Oil Montana 220

Tony Karrer Delicious EVdriven

APRIL 21, 2009

’s expertise on the auto industry in general, we are concerned that in its understanding of future pathways, it offers a flawed analysis and predictions based on business-as-usual,&# notes a posting on the California Car Initiative’s Web site. Those cars will reduce oil demand at most by about 1/5th of one percent.

Volt 42

Volt Green Electric Cars 2009 42