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Levels of two major air pollutants have been reduced significantly since lockdowns began in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, but a secondary pollutant—ground-level ozone—has increased in China, according to new research. For comparison, columns over the same time periods are shown for 2019. —Guy Brasseur.
Aviation climatechange impacts pathway. In the months following a pulse of NO x in the upper atmosphere, ozone production is stimulated causing a short-term warming. The corresponding reduction in CH 4 , which is an important ozone precursor, leads to a long-term reduction in ozone. Credit: ACS, Stratton et al.
The system will graph lifecycle impact for a range of specified powertrains, for a large number of impact categories: Climatechange [kg CO 2 -eq.]. Deterioration of the ozone layer [kg CFC-11-eq.]. The top sample above shows climatechange impact; the subsequent chart shows human toxicity.
Comparison of annual N 2 O ODP-weighted emissions from the 1990s with emissions of other ODS in 1987 and in 2008. Currently, anthropogenic N 2 O emissions represent the largest contribution to ozone depletion. Today, nitrous oxide emissions from human activities are more than twice as high as the next leading ozone-depleting gas.
Despite their limitations, GWPs are widely used for comparison among long-lived gases, forming the basis for worldwide political agreements on climate and carbon trading. Methane’s GWP may also change with time as air quality regulations alter the background state of tropospheric chemistry. Shindell et al. —Drew Shindell.
eutrophication; ET = ecological toxicity; FEC = fossil energy consumption; WU = water use; LO = land occupation; “The rest” includes acidification; smog formation; ozone layer depletion; and human health effects. This study highlighted the environmental impacts of corn ethanol in comparison with gasoline. GW = global warming; Eut.
Although viewed as a potential target in the global effort to reduce climatechange, atmospheric black carbon particles absorb significantly less sunlight than scientists have predicted, according to a new study by an international team of researchers, published in the journal Science. Credit: Cappa et al. Click to enlarge.
HFO-1234yf is a non-Ozone Depleting Substance with a Global Warming Potential (GWP) of 4. In comparison, the current refrigerant, R-134a, has a GWP of 1,430. Tags: ClimateChange Emissions Vehicle Systems.
The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has submitted its final Report to Congress on Black Carbon , in response to an October 2009 request from Congress to advance efforts to understand the role of black carbon (BC) in climatechange. Earlier post.). This GHG effect warms the Earth’s surface and the lower atmosphere. Source: EPA.
We estimate ozone and SOA formation potential. Finally, we analyze the potential climate effects of switching a PFI to a GDI fleet. Therefore, the secondary organic aerosol and ozone formation potential of the exhaust does not depend on engine technology. —Saliba et al. May, Greg T. Drozd, Allen H. Goldstein, Lynn M.
compared the specific climate impact of long-distance car travel with bus, train, or air trips. They accounted for both CO 2 emissions and emissions of ozone precursors (NO x , VOC, CO) and aerosols (BC or black carbon, OC, SO 2 ) as well as cloud effects (aviation-induced cirrus clouds and contrails)—i.e.,
Ozone pollution across the continental United States will become far more difficult to keep in check as temperatures rise, according to new work led by the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR). Ozone formation. Even short periods of unhealthy ozone levels can cause local death rates to rise. Scenario A2 and RCP 8.5.
What I do know, is how fossil fuel vehicles have contributed heavily to poor air quality in our towns and cities, damage to the environment, soil and water quality and have contributed to the depletion of the ozone layer! There are so many great models, shapes, styles of EV available now with budget, mid and high-end options.
However, these standards will not reduce CO 2 emissions, which is required to mitigate long-term climatechange, the team notes. However, these standards will not reduce CO 2 emissions, which is required to mitigate long-term climatechange, the team notes. In comparison, the Northern Hemisphere has warmed by about 0.3°C
The main focus of the comparisons is on five environmental impact categories during production, use and recycling. ozone depletion potential (ODP). photochemical ozone creation potential. REDD+ is a specific implementation of a climatechange mitigation solution of the UN-REDD Programme. Click to enlarge.
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