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Korea’s Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) have developed a novel process for the production of hydrogen using various types of biomass, including lignin, as an efficient alternative to water oxidation as an electron source. Conventionally, water is considered a cheap and clean source of electrons; 2H 2 O ?
The nanostructured photoelectrode results in spontaneous hydrogen evolution from water without any external bias applied with a faradaic efficiency of 30% and excellent stability. The researchers believe this new type of photoelectrode is not only cheap to produce, but can also be recreated on a larger scale for mass and worldwide use.
The optimized photo-electrochemical water splitting device uses light absorbers made of silicon arranged in closely packed pillars, dotted with tiny clusters of the new molybdenum sulfide catalyst. An alternative, clean method is to make hydrogen fuel from sunlight and water via a photo-electrochemical (PEC, or water-splitting) process.
Researchers at Imperial College London have developed a membrane-based extraction system for the production of biofuels which uses less than 25% of the energy of current processes and produces ten times more biofuel with more than 99.5% The open-access findings are published in the RSC journal Energy & Environmental Science. MJ kg -1 ).
Researchers at KAUST have developed and used a novel way of increasing the chemical reactivity of a two-dimensional molybdenum disulfide material to produce a cheap and effective catalyst for water splitting to produce hydrogen. A monolayer of molybdenum disulfide is only reactive for reducing water to hydrogen at its edge.
Researchers led by MIT professor Daniel Nocera have produced an “artificial leaf”—a solar water-splitting cell producing hydrogen and oxygen that operates in near-neutral pH conditions, both with and without connecting wires. Earlier post.). simulated sunlight. constructing a simple, stand-alone device composed of.
James Muckerman at the US Department of Energy’s (DOE) Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) have developed a new class of high-activity, low-cost, non-noble metal electrocatalyst that generates hydrogen gas from water. The result becomes this well-balanced Goldilocks compound—just right. —James Muckerman.
The use of vast amounts of high-purity water for hydrogen production may aggravate the shortage of freshwater resources. This is achieved by introducing a Lewis acid layer (for example, Cr 2 O 3 ) on transition metal oxide catalysts to dynamically split water molecules and capture hydroxyl anions.
The new system mimics a natural chloroplast to convert carbon dioxide in water into methane, very efficiently using light. Photosynthesis is the process by which chloroplasts in plants and some organisms use sunlight, water and carbon dioxide to create food or energy.
-Fe 2 O 3 (hematite) electrodes that achieve the highest photocurrent of any metal oxide photoanode for photoelectrochemical water-splitting under 100?mW?cm The whole point of our approach is to use an exceptionally abundant, stable and cheap material: rust. Hydrogen Production Nanotech Solar' 2 air mass, 1.5 global sunlight.
Researchers in China report using air oxidation–water leaching to recover lithium selectively from spent LiFePO 4 (LFP) material, in which the high leaching efficiency of lithium and the good separation effect of lithium and iron were achieved simultaneously. An open-access paper on their work is published in the RSC journal Green Chemistry.
Researchers at KTH Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm have developed a new cost-effective electrocatalyst for water-splitting to produce hydrogen. monolayer of nickel–vanadium-layered double hydroxide shows a current density of 27 mA cm −2 (57 mA cm −2 after ohmic-drop correction) at an overpotential of 350 mV for water oxidation.
Researchers at Japan’s National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) have discovered a new photocatalyst, Sn 3 O 4 , which facilitates the production of hydrogen fuel from water, using sunlight as an energy source. Sn 3 O 4 has great potential as an abundant, cheap, and environmentally benign solar-energy conversion catalyst.
Researchers in Japan report that a commercially available TiO 2 with a large number of surface oxygen vacancies, when photo-irradiated by UV light in pure water with nitrogen—successfully produces ammonia (NH 3 ). As a result of this, NH 3 is produced from water and N 2 under ambient conditions by using sunlight as energy source.
This illustration depicts the synthesis of a new hydrogen-production catalyst from soybean proteins and ammonium molybdate. The hybrid material effectively catalyzes the conversion of liquid water to hydrogen gas while remaining stable in an acidic environment. One key step is splitting water (water electrolysis).
They also demonstrated that the production of biodiesel using the lipids extracted from sewage sludge (SS) could be economically feasible because of its remarkably high yield of oil and low cost, as compared to conventional biodiesel feedstocks. 75% of the total production costs. —Kwon et al. Credit: ACS, Kwon et al.
The improved catalyst has already released four times the amount of hydrogen ever produced by MoS 2 from water. Improving the capacity and efficiency of the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER) is an enduring challenge of green energy production and artificial photosynthesis. Molly is dirt cheap and abundant. —Bryan Kaehr.
The team reports on their host-guest system of Ta:TiO 2 |BiVO 4 as a photoanode for use in solar water splitting cells in an open-access paper in the journal ACS Central Science. The host–guest nanowire architecture allows for simultaneously high light absorption and carrier collection efficiency for efficient solar water oxidation.
A low-cost, nanostructured composite material developed by researchers at UC Santa Cruz has shown performance comparable to Pt/C as a catalyst for the electrochemical splitting of water to produce hydrogen. An efficient, low-cost catalyst is essential for realizing the promise of hydrogen as a clean, environmentally friendly fuel. Resources.
Example of mechanochemical production of a MOF. Chemists at Queen’s University Belfast (Ireland) have devised a novel environmentally friendly technique which allows the rapid production of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). Pichon et al. Click to enlarge.
If that electric power is used to split the water into hydrogen gas and oxygen, you lose a lot of energy. We’re using cheap raw materials and don't need precious metals or other expensive components. The actual cost of the hydrogen gas panels is still unknown, as the mass production is yet to start. —Johan Martens.
The KPMG study, “Expect the Unexpected: Building Business Value in a Changing World”, explores issues such as climate change, energy and fuel volatility, water availability and cost and resource availability, as well as population growth spawning new urban centers. Source: KPMG. Click to enlarge. billion by 2032.
A team of scientists from Penn State and Florida State University have developed a lower cost and industrially scalable catalyst consisting of synthesized stacked graphene and W x Mo 1–x S 2 alloy phases that produces pure hydrogen through a low-energy water-splitting process.
Like seawater, the MoP catalyst material is widely available, and therefore, cheap. This integrated design increases productivity and lowers equipment costs. But with the high cost of platinum, the team needed a catalyst that could lower production costs to around two dollars per kilogram of hydrogen. 9b02609.
A team of researchers from the University of Houston and the California Institute of Technology has developed an active and durable earth-abundant transition metal dichalcogenide-based hybrid catalyst for water-splitting that exhibits high hydrogen evolution activity approaching the state-of-the-art platinum catalysts. —Zhou et al.
volts versus the reversible hydrogen electrode) in CO-saturated alkaline water. For the Nature study, Kanan and Li built an electrochemical cell: two electrodes placed in water saturated with carbon monoxide gas. The challenge was to find a cathode that would reduce carbon monoxide to ethanol instead of reducing water to hydrogen.
Trade-off analysis map showing the available and least expensive water option for each site. Sites where water supply costs are. Achieving larger production volumes would require the utilization of less water-efficient sites and relatively expensive saline waters, they suggested. —Erik Venteris, first author.
Production costs per barrel of oil equivalent. The cost of electrofuels—fuels produced by catalyst-based systems for light capture, water electrolysis, and catalytic conversion of carbon dioxide and hydrogen to liquid fuels—remains far away from viable, according to a new analysis by Lux Research. Source: Lux Research.
A cheaper, cleaner and more sustainable way of making hydrogen fuel from water using sunlight is closer with new research from the University of Bath’s Centre for Sustainable Chemical Technologies. The Bath team instead used commercially available graphite, which is very cheap and much more sustainable than indium. —Poli et al.
To split water into hydrogen on a large scale, we need technologies that are sustainable, efficient, scalable and durable. Using solar energy (or other renewable energy sources ) to split water delivers sustainability , while recent research has made key inroads toward efficiency and scalability. percent.
Existing water-splitting methods rely on highly purified water—a precious resource and costly to produce. Electrolysis of water to generate hydrogen fuel is an attractive renewable energy storage technology. Electrolysis of water to generate hydrogen fuel is an attractive renewable energy storage technology.
Methanol reforming converts a mix of methanol and water into a hydrogen-rich gas. This would enable a ~3-minute refueling time with a +1000 km range using a cheap, simple fuel with reuse of existing infrastructure and logistics.
The scale of mining and production of aluminum compounds is second only to that of iron. Aluminum, in solution with water, affects the biosphere, hydrosphere, geosphere and anthrosphere, the scientists said in their report. It’s found in all drinking water and used worldwide for water treatment. Now there is.
According to their study, artificial pentlandite is just as efficient as the platinum electrodes commonly used today for the electrolytic production of hydrogen from water, but is lower cost. A striking advantage is that these minerals are a main source for the production of nickel. A team headed by Dr. Ulf-Peter Apfel and Prof.
Their goal is to test an innovative electrolyzer concept for the cheapproduction of green (CO 2 -free) hydrogen for a decarbonized future. Hago Energetics, Inc aims to help farms become more profitable by converting farm waste to high-value products, such as hydrogen and valuable carbons.
Redding’s partner on the BSF project, is a young scientist who first started at TAU about 5 years ago and has focused on different ways to increase algal biohydrogen production. Rapid molecular and spectroscopic tests will be used to identify limitations to light-driven hydrogen production in the engineered strains.
billion tonnes of it is produced annually worldwide which is higher than any other transition metals (copper comes second in the list with an annual production of 16 million tonnes). the reduced complex A) in an aqueous medium raises the thermodynamic reduction potential which allows H 2 production from H 2 O at reasonable potentials.
In recent years, all six Gulf monarchies—Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Kuwait, Oman, Qatar and Bahrain—have begun to challenge the notion that citizens are entitled to cheap energy. Across the Gulf, Iran has taken similar steps. The authors said energy subsidies have long outlived their usefulness.
The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are the most important electrochemical reactions that limit the efficiencies of hydrogen fuel cells (for powering vehicles and power generation), water electrolyzers (for clean hydrogen production), and high-capacity metal-air batteries.
The production of 5 million metric tons of green ammonia produced per year would eliminate 13 million tonnes of carbon dioxide emissions annually, the equivalent of taking 9 million gasoline-fueled cars off the road. These projects will be the world’s first commercial-scale, green ammonia production facilities with operation planned for 2025.
The alarmingly large η charging indicates severe kinetic bottlenecks in gas-evolving solid products (for example, Li 2 O and Li 2 O 2 ) being dynamically dismantled during charging. You need large auxiliary systems to remove the carbon dioxide and water, and it’s very hard to do this.” V in O x− (condensed phase) → O 2 (gas).
Example of micro fibers produced with 20 wt % AB (ammonia borane) in water as core solution, showing smooth (nonporous) and cylindrical (noncollapsed) fibers; from a 2010 paper by the scientific team. The material could allow hydrogen to be stored in a cheap and practical way for transport applications, the company says.
On behalf of the Australian Government, ARENA has provided A$5 million (US$4 million) in funding to Wollongong-based AquaHydrex to develop commercially its new class of electrolyzer to produce cheap hydrogen from splitting water. When hydrogen burns, it produces only water vapor and no carbon dioxide.
Renewable hydrogen can be made by splitting water into hydrogen and oxygen, using electricity generated by cheap wind or solar power. Carbon prices and emission policies will still be essential to drive hydrogen use, particularly in locations with very cheap coal and gas. Abatement cost with hydrogen at $1/kg (7.4/MMBtu).
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