Green Car Congress

JULY 10, 2009

Through a recent modeling experiment, a team of NASA-funded researchers have found that future concentrations of carbon dioxide and ozone in the atmosphere and of nitrogen in the soil are likely to have an important but overlooked effect on the cycling of water from sky to land to waterways. Benjamin Felzer, Lehigh University.

Ozone 186

Ozone Water CO2 MIT 186

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 21, 2014

Average annual percentage of black carbon pollution related to Chinese exports. Dust, ozone and carbon can accumulate in valleys and basins in California and other Western states. Black carbon is a particular problem: Rain doesn’t easily wash it out of the atmosphere, so it persists across long distances.

Pollution 318

Pollution Chinese Manufacturer Ozone 318

Green Car Congress

MARCH 17, 2010

In a new study published online 10 March in the ACS journal Environmental Science and Technology , however, Stanford University professor Mark Jacobson finds that local CO 2 emissions in isolation may increase local ozone and particulate matter. Not all carbon dioxide emissions are equal. Jacobson, 2010. Mark Jacobson.

Ozone 218

Ozone Los Angeles Pollution CO2 218

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 29, 2013

1,000 to 21,000) deaths due to changes in ozone concentrations. 900 to 11,000) ozone-related early deaths per year. 300 to 4,000) ozone-related premature mortalities per year. 2000 (90% CI: 0–4,000) early deaths from ozone, according to the study. 53,000 (90% CI: 24,000–95,000) PM 2.5 related premature deaths and ?5,000

MIT 378

MIT Emissions Ozone Powered 378

Green Car Congress

JUNE 8, 2023

In a recent open-access paper published in ACS’ Environmental Science & Technology , researchers from the University of York report that alcohols in windshield washer fluid account for a larger fraction of real-world vehicle emissions than previous estimates have suggested. —Cliff et al.

Emissions 397

Emissions Exhaust Cars Ozone 397

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 13, 2016

A new statistical method developed by researchers at KAUST (King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Saudi Arabia) can detect abnormal ozone levels within large bodies of monitored data. Ozone is the reactive form of oxygen that contains three atoms per molecule (O 3 ) rather than the normal two. Khadraoui, S. &

Ozone 150

Ozone Saudi Arabia Pollution France 150

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 3, 2015

Some of the substitutes for ozone-damaging chemicals that being phased out worldwide under international agreements are themselves potent greenhouse gases and contribute to warming. This work was supported in part by NOAA’s Atmospheric Chemistry, Carbon Cycle, and Climate (AC4) Program and NASA’s Atmospheric Composition Program.

Ozone 150

Ozone Colorado Gas Carbon 150

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 25, 2014

The human health benefits associated with improvements in air quality related to the reduction in greenhouse gas emissions improvements can offset 26–1,050% of the cost of US carbon policies, depending upon the type of policy, according to a new study by a team from MIT. Carbon-reduction policies significantly improve air quality.

MIT 231

MIT Carbon Climate Climate Change 231

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 16, 2012

Now, researchers from Sandia National Laboratory’s Combustion Research Facility, the University of Manchester and the University of Bristol report in a paper in Science the first direct kinetics measurements made of reactions of any gas-phase Criegee intermediate, in this case formaldehyde oxide (CH 2 OO). —Welz et al.

Ozone 268

Ozone Climate Change 2012 Climate 268

Green Car Congress

APRIL 15, 2019

Researchers from Northwestern University and Princeton University have explored the impact on US air quality from an aggressive conversion of internal combustion vehicles to battery-powered electric vehicles (EVs). Across scenarios, we found the more cars that transitioned to electric power, the better for summertime ozone levels.

Conversion 281

Conversion Jordan Ozone Coal 281

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 25, 2021

In the report, the investigators describe the development of new exposure models for all of Europe for four pollutants: fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ), black carbon (BC), nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ), and ozone (O 3 ), as well as PM 2.5 particle composition.

Pollution 313

Pollution Europe Ozone Boston 313

Green Car Congress

JULY 1, 2019

Average greenhouse gas emissions (carbon dioxide equivalent) per passenger from flying were obtained from an online emissions calculator at myclimate (a nonprofit spin-off from the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology). by adding an amount that corresponds to the direct portion of emissions. (A

Emissions 419

Emissions Los Angeles Gas San Francisco 419

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 29, 2010

Led by the tiny Pacific island of the Federated States of Micronesia, a growing group of low-lying islands and other vulnerable countries are calling for fast action on the approximately 50% of global warming that is caused by pollutants other than carbon dioxide (CO 2 ). million lives lost each year due to black carbon soot.

Micronesia 199

Micronesia Pollution Ozone Global 199

Green Car Congress

APRIL 21, 2011

Researchers from the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) have performed life cycle assessments (LCA) of three batteries for plug-in hybrid (PHEV) and full performance battery electric (BEV) vehicles. Flow diagram of the battery system, defined by the functional unit of 50 MJ stored and delivered to the powertrain.

Nickel Metal Hydride 334

Nickel Metal Hydride NiMH Li-ion PHEV 334

Green Car Congress

MAY 18, 2009

In testimony for the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) public hearing ( earlier post ) on the proposed endangerment finding for greenhouse gas emissions under the Clean Air Act ( earlier post ), Stanford Professor Mark Jacobson urged the EPA to include black carbon in the finding. F, with about 40% due to ozone. Earlier post.).

Carbon 150

Carbon EPA Ozone Pollution 150

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 19, 2010

used a climate model to analyze the effects of a wide range of chemical species, including carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, methane, organic carbon, black carbon, nitrate, sulfate, and ozone, from 13 sectors of the economy from 2000 to 2100. Nadine Unger. Unger et al. —Unger et al. A hat-tip to Tom!).

Transportation 391

Transportation Climate Change Powered Power 391

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 18, 2020

A new study led by researchers from Northwestern University projects that if electric vehicles replaced 25% of combustion engine cars currently on the road, the United States would save approximately $17 billion annually by avoiding damages from climate change and air pollution. The open-access paper is published in AGU’s journal GeoHealth.

Climate Change 261

Climate Change Pollution Climate 2014 261

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 24, 2018

Scientists around Professor Thomas Münzel, Director of Cardiology I at the Department of Cardiology at the Medical Center Mainz of Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz (JGU), reviewed the mechanisms responsible for vascular damage from air pollution together with scientists from the UK and the US. —Münzel et al.

Pollution 220

Pollution Insight Ozone Cleveland 220

Green Car Congress

JUNE 13, 2009

University of California, Davis researchers will receive $2.8 With this new funding, we can start to fill in those blanks, and improve management of nitrogen, carbon and water to help move agriculture toward sustainability in significant ways. Tom Tomich.

Davis 240

Davis Escape Ozone California 240

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 1, 2019

Freight transportation is a pillar of the US national economy, but while long-haul trucks account for less than 6% of the vehicle miles traveled over US highways, they account for about 40% of the emissions of air polluting particulate matter and about 55% of nitrogen oxides, the precursor to ozone in the atmosphere, the study said.

Emissions 286

Emissions Diesel Ozone United States 286

Green Car Congress

JULY 29, 2010

Jacobson at Stanford University. Results of the study suggest that soot is second only to carbon dioxide in contributing to global warming. Jacobson found that the combination of the two types of soot is the second-leading cause of global warming after carbon dioxide. He also found that soot emissions kill more than 1.5

Global 230

Global Ozone CO2 Pollution 230

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 8, 2011

Relying more on natural gas would reduce emissions of carbon dioxide, but it would do little to help solve the climate problem. The burning of coal releases more carbon dioxide than other fossil fuels, as well as comparatively high levels of other pollutants, including sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and particles such as ash.

Coal 334

Coal Climate Gas Global 334

Green Car Congress

MAY 16, 2012

Tom Sharkey, chairperson of the Michigan State University biochemistry and molecular biology department, believes isoprene, a gas given off by plants to help them cope with rapid increases in temperature that can occur in sunlight. His team also has created models to measure how much isoprene plants release on a global scale.

Ozone 225

Ozone Production Michigan Automobile 225

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 20, 2014

Interfacial oxygen between the silicon and carbon improves electrode performance. Researchers at the University of Maryland have improved the cycle life of silicon/carbon matrix-composite electrodes by 300%, even at mass loadings, solely by the chemical tailoring of the interface between the silicon and the carbon with atomic oxygen. .

Maryland 255

Maryland Li-ion F-150 Battery 255

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 22, 2010

Nitrous oxide is a potent greenhouse gas that contributes to climate change and stratospheric ozone destruction. —Jake Beaulieu of the University of Notre Dame and the US EPA, and lead author of the PNAS paper. Linda Ashkenas of Oregon State University; Lee Cooper of the Chesapeake Biological Laboratory in Solomons, Md.;

New Hampshire 199

New Hampshire Global Climate Change Ozone 199

Green Car Congress

APRIL 21, 2011

Scientists from the US, Norway, Russia, Germany, Italy and China are participating in a study examining the potential role of black carbon, or soot, on the rapidly changing Arctic climate. Black carbon is contributing to this warming. Carbon is dark in color and absorbs solar radiation, much like wearing a black shirt on a sunny day.

Climate 199

Climate International Ozone Norway 199

Green Car Congress

APRIL 11, 2019

About 4 million children worldwide develop asthma each year because of inhaling nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) air pollution, according to an open-access study published in The Lancet Planetary Health by researchers at the George Washington University Milken Institute School of Public Health (Milken Institute SPH).

Pollution 360

Pollution United Arab Emirates South Korea Las Vegas 360

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 9, 2012

In addition to CO 2 , other compounds such as ozone (O 3 ) precursors (nitrogen oxides (NO x =NO+NO 2 ), carbon monoxide (CO), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs)) and aerosols such as black carbon (BC) and organic carbon (OC) are emitted by ships. Of that, international shipping accounts for 83% (870 TgCO 2 yr ?1

Climate 240

Climate Emissions Ozone 2007 240

Green Car Congress

MARCH 27, 2010

Those vertical movements provide a pathway for black carbon, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and other pollutants to ascend into the stratosphere, about 20-25 miles above the Earth’s surface. This could explain satellite measurements showing high levels of stratospheric ozone, water vapor and other chemicals over Asia during summer.

Pollution 246

Pollution Asia Ozone Indonesia 246

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 1, 2012

Although viewed as a potential target in the global effort to reduce climate change, atmospheric black carbon particles absorb significantly less sunlight than scientists have predicted, according to a new study by an international team of researchers, published in the journal Science. Earlier post.). Earlier post.).

Climate 261

Climate Climate Change Carbon Boston 261

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 8, 2023

The new studies are: Improved Characterization of the Real-World Contributions and Impacts of Non-tailpipe Particulate Matter Emissions ,” led by Greg Evans, University of Toronto. Assessing the Impact of Non-exhaust Emissions from Traffic on the Asthmatic Airway (IONA) ,” led by Chris Griffiths, Queen Mary University of London.

Emissions 353

Emissions Pollution Exhaust London 353

Green Car Congress

APRIL 29, 2016

The Bakken Formation, a shale oil and gas field in North Dakota and Montana, is emitting roughly 2% (about 250,000 tons per year) of the globe’s ethane, according to new study led by researchers at the University of Michigan. Hydrocarbons react with NO x and sunlight to produce ozone. Ground-level ozone leads to poor air quality.

Ozone 150

Ozone Global Emissions North Dakota 150

Green Car Congress

MAY 12, 2017

A new study quantifying emissions from a fleet of gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines and port fuel injection (PFI) engines finds that the measured decrease in CO 2 emissions from GDIs is much greater than the potential climate forcing associated with higher black carbon emissions from GDI engines. —Saliba et al. versus 6.3 ± 1.1

Fleet 207

Fleet Engine Fuel Economy Global 207

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 19, 2012

Computer scientists at the University of California, San Diego have built a portable pollution sensors that transmit transmit their air quality readings to smart phones, allowing users to monitor air quality in real time. Boxes represent pollution reading locations during that window. Nikzad et al. Click to enlarge. —Nikzad et al.

Pollution 236

Pollution San Diego Ozone 2012 236

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 23, 2020

Despite reports that global emissions of the potent greenhouse gas, HFC-23, were almost eliminated in 2017, an international team of scientists, led by the University of Bristol, has found atmospheric levels growing at record values. As a result, they reported that they had almost completely eliminated HFC-23 emissions by 2017.

Emissions 199

Emissions Ozone India 2017 199

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 15, 2018

Researchers at Tohoku University in Japan have identified a way to reduce harmful NO emissions produced by ammonia fuel during combustion. The finding helps advance research into ammonia as an alternative to carbon-based fuels for cars, airplanes, and power generation facilities.

Emissions 308

Emissions Hydrogen Fuel Global 308

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 27, 2015

The study found that 60% of the winter primary hydrocarbon hydroxyl radical reactivity in London is from those diesel-related hydrocarbons; the authors predicted that the longer-chain HCs contribute up to 50 % of the ozone production potential in London. —Dunmore et al. Dunmore et al. Dunmore et al.

London 150

London Pollution Diesel Emissions 150