Green Car Congress

JULY 19, 2012

The National Low Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS) Project has released two major reports that synthesize its findings from the past several years of work: a Technical Analysis Report (TAR) and Policy Design Recommendations. We have done so in a companion report, National Low Carbon Fuel Standard: Technical Analysis Report (TAR).

Carbon 247

Carbon Oil-Sands Standards Design 247

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 11, 2023

Despite efforts to continue stimulating the US economy in the wake of the pandemic, high inflation put a damper on economic growth, which was exacerbated by a spike in oil prices as a result of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. Consequently, the US economy grew 1.9% in 2022, down from a 5.7% GDP increase in 2021.

Emissions 273

Emissions Oil Prices 2005 Coal 273

Green Car Congress

JULY 4, 2013

The horizontal red lines show the comparable price of gasoline (before tax, refining margin 0.3 $/gal, exchange rate: 1 € = 1.326 $) with crude oil prices 100 $/bbl and 150 $/bbl. Source: VTT. 0.7 €/liter (app. US$/gallon US), with first-law process efficiency in the range of 49.6–66.7%—depending

Carbon 218

Carbon Fuel Finland Gasoline 218

Green Car Congress

MAY 30, 2019

ExxonMobil expects to increase annual earnings potential by more than 140% and double potential annual cash flow from operations by 2025 from 2017 adjusted earnings, assuming a 2017 oil price of $60 per barrel adjusted for inflation and based on 2017 margins.

Papua New Guinea 191

Papua New Guinea Emissions Carbon Guyana 191

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 7, 2009

Background colors of the cells represent the crude oil price required for economic feasibility. These synthetic fuels are economically competitive with petro-diesel when the crude oil price (COP) is at or above $86 per barrel (based on a 20% rate of return, in January 2008 dollars, with a carbon price of zero).

Carbon 186

Carbon Diesel Fuel Coal 186

Green Car Congress

MARCH 11, 2019

NTEA’s additional anecdotal evidence suggests that though alternative fuel interest may ebb and flow along with fluctuating oil prices, the trend will likely turn upward in the long run. It is highly likely that clean energy solutions will remain relevant due to oil price instability.

Purchase 207

Purchase Fleet 2019 Diesel 207

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 11, 2010

” also sees steady adoption of on-shore wind and electric vehicle technologies, but suggests that off-shore wind and carbon capture and sequestration look likely to fade or decline. Base case economics for EVs in North America are very challenging, absent significant disruption in oil price or battery cost.

Solar 295

Solar Boston Consulting Group Power Powered 295

Green Car Congress

MAY 20, 2009

US carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuels decreased by 2.8% in 2008 to 5,802 million metric tons of carbon dioxide (MMTCO 2 ), down from 5,967 MMTCO 2 in 2007, according to preliminary estimates released by the Energy Information Administration (EIA). Total US energy-related carbon dioxide emissions have grown by 15.9%

2008 150

2008 Emissions Carbon Transportation 150

Green Car Congress

JUNE 19, 2012

The new engine emits 20% less carbon dioxide than diesel engines, reduces NO x emissions by 97% to reach world’s lowest level of 50 ppm, and improves engine performance by 47%. Due to high oil prices and strengthening regulations on emissions, the demand for gas engines is increasing.

Hyundai 240

Hyundai Engine South Korea Oil Prices 240

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 20, 2011

World oil prices remain high in the IEO2011 Reference case, but oil consumption continues to grow; both conventional and unconventional liquid supplies are used to meet rising demand. In the IEO2011 Reference case the price of light sweet crude oil (in real 2009 dollars) remains high, reaching $125 per barrel in 2035.

Oil-Sands 220

Oil-Sands Oil 2008 Oil Prices 220

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 15, 2014

No EDV deployment occurs with high battery costs, low oil prices, and no CO 2 policy. higher oil prices, a CO 2 policy, lower battery cost—the median market shares increase. higher oil prices, a CO 2 policy, lower battery cost—the median market shares increase.

Emissions 236

Emissions Oil Prices Vehicles Oil 236

Green Car Congress

JUNE 13, 2012

The “Arab Spring” affected oil and gas supplies—most notably the complete, albeit temporary, loss of Libyan supply—while the tragic Fukushima accident in Japan had knock-on effects for nuclear and other energy sources around the world. bbl, they were the second-highest in inflation adjusted terms, behind only 1864.

Coal 261

Coal Oil Renewable Saudi Arabia 261

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 13, 2011

of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions in the US. Electrification will reduce emissions, with the scale determined by the carbon intensity of the power sector. Electrification will also reduce oil dependence, providing foreign policy benefits and the potential to reduce real oil prices and oil price volatility.

Transportation 252

Transportation MIT Oil Prices Oil 252

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 7, 2021

If current policy and technology trends continue, global energy consumption and energy-related carbon dioxide emissions will increase through 2050 as a result of population and economic growth. The four side cases show the effects of changing key model assumptions about economic growth and world oil price.

Global 259

Global Emissions Energy Asia 259

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 19, 2010

Investors with holdings in companies involved in coal-to-liquids and oil shale projects should ask these companies to open their books and explain their strategies for managing these risky projects. Market Risks : The economic competitiveness of oil shale and CTL is contingent on high oil prices.

Coal 210

Coal Oil Water Oil Prices 210

Green Car Congress

MAY 21, 2010

A new study by the Peterson Institute for International Economics concluded that the Kerry-Lieberman “American Power Act”—the energy and climate change legislation recently introduced in the Senate ( earlier post )—would reduced US oil imports by 33-40% below current levels and by 9-19% below projected business-as-usual levels by 2030.

Oil 220

Oil Climate Change Oil Prices 2005 220

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 7, 2010

pre- and post- decarbonization of the electric power sector—to which he referred as pre-CCS and post-CCS, respectively (although decarbonization was not necessarily via CCS—carbon capture and storage).) 90%) or to “repower” using lower carbon feedstocks or generation technologies (e.g. their CO 2 (e.g. ~90%)

Transportation 231

Transportation Convert CO2 Waste 231

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 15, 2009

Penetration rates for the PHEV-10 and the PHEV-40 were compared to a Reference Case that assumes high oil prices and fuel economy standards specified by EISA 2007 (with modest increases after 2020, when those standards level off), as described in the 2008 Hydrogen Report from NRC.

Plug-in 186

Plug-in Plug Hybrid PHEV 186

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 13, 2013

Low-carbon energy sources (renewables and nuclear) meet around 40% of the growth in primary energy demand. High oil prices, persistent differences in gas and electricity prices between regions and rising energy import bills in many countries focus attention on the relationship between energy and the broader economy. . …

Oil 275

Oil 2013 Energy Emissions 275

Green Car Congress

MARCH 14, 2019

This long-term growth is expected to be propelled by improving vehicle technology economics—a function of battery innovations, government transportation energy policies, oil price projections, and movements to price carbon. —Scott Shepard, senior research analyst with Navigant Research.

Alternative Fuels 207

Alternative Fuels Future Plug-in Fuel 207

Green Car Congress

JULY 14, 2011

Driven by a number of growing concerns including the increasingly worrying geopolitics of oil, governments and industry are investing heavily to accelerate the development of low carbon technologies that aim to reduce, replace or obviate the use of fossil fuels in the energy mix.

Oil 225

Oil Oil Prices Climate Change Supplies 225

Green Car Congress

MAY 26, 2009

The brief concentrates on six topics: climate change policy, carbon capture and storage policy, oil security policy, energy-technology innovation policy, electricity market structure, and infrastructure policy. Carbon capture and storage. Oil security policy. If the price later rose above $90, the tax would disappear.

Energy 150

Energy Price Oil Prices Climate Change 150

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 27, 2010

Secondary considerations include favorable regulations around biofuels mandates, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, wastewater treatment, and livestock operation, as well as potential co-location opportunities (wastewater remediation and carbon recycling). Approaches that rely on molecular biology to achieve breakthroughs (e.g.,

2020 319

2020 Production Water Oil Prices 319

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 24, 2010

Even with CCS, the liquid product costs are comparable to recent crude oil prices. For a liquids-only configuration, CCS is a cheaper option when the CO 2 price exceeds $12/tonne. Plant-level CO 2 emissions can be greatly reduced by using the CCS technology, the study found, without much increase in capital cost.

Coal 231

Coal Oil Prices CO2 Gas-Electric 231

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 22, 2013

The United States and the European Union have some of the world’s most aggressive policies for alternative fuel promotion, including volumetric mandates, lifecycle fuel-carbon-intensity requirements, and fuel-taxation schemes. RFS and California’s Low Carbon Fuel Standard. The Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS2) in the U.S.

Tax 262

Tax Tax Credit Industrial Industry 262

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 16, 2014

The airline industry continues to experience strong growth and, while current low oil prices may provide a short-lived respite, the impact of carbon pollution is undeniable. We meet the most rigorous performance requirements in the aviation industry and are now commercializing our product in Brazil as well as around the world.

Brazil 199

Brazil Renewable Fuel Oil Prices 199

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 5, 2012

Biofuels grow at a slower rate due to lower crude oil prices and. The decline reflects increased domestic production of both petroleum and natural gas, increased use of biofuels, and lower demand resulting from the adoption of new vehicle fuel efficiency standards and rising energy prices. Biomass and biofuels growth is slower.

Fuel 225

Fuel Energy 2013 Sale 225

Green Car Congress

APRIL 14, 2015

AEO2015 presents updated projections for US energy markets through 2040 based on six cases (Reference, Low and High Economic Growth, Low and High Oil Price, and High Oil and Gas Resource) that reflect updated scenarios for future crude oil prices. trillion cubic feet (Tcf) in the Low Oil Price case to 13.1

2020 150

2020 Energy Transportation Oil Prices 150

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 19, 2011

At the same time, oil—and gas—import dependency in the US is likely to fall to levels not seen since the 1990s, because of improved fuel efficiency and the increased share of biofuels. Global consumption growth is also impacted by higher oil prices in recent years and a gradual reduction of subsidies in oil-importing countries.

Energy 210

Energy Economy Global Oil-Sands 210

Green Car Congress

APRIL 10, 2009

A new study by the French institute Enerdata, commissioned by the European Federation for Transport & Environment (T&E), suggests that the European CO 2 standards for new vehicles due to come into effect in 2012 will lead not only to a European savings on oil (mainly via lower oil import volumes) but also to slightly lower global oil prices.

Oil 150

Oil Standards Price Oil Prices 150

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 25, 2009

The expected influx of large amounts of alcohol-based fuels and fuels derived from unconventional petroleum over the next decade may cause long-term world oil prices to be between 5 and 12% lower than they would be in the absence of those fuels. million bpd. Donohoo, Malcolm A. Weiss, Ian A.

MIT 250

MIT Oil-Sands Commercial Available 250

Green Car Congress

MAY 15, 2012

Performance in the study is measured by such metrics as: (1) required selling price of the fuel; (2) crude oil price when the process will become economically viable; (3) the Well-to-Wheels (WTW) life cycle GHG emissions profile of the diesel fuel; and (4) the water usage associated with the facility. —White and Gray.

Coal 225

Coal Diesel Oil Prices Water 225

Green Car Congress

MAY 24, 2012

However, China’s carbon intensity—the amount of CO 2 emitted per unit of GDP—fell by 15% between 2005 and 2011. China made the largest contribution to the global increase, with its emissions rising by 720 million tonnes (Mt), or 9.3%, primarily due to higher coal consumption. Gt, the IEA said.

2011 230

2011 Emissions Global CO2 230

Green Car Congress

MAY 24, 2009

Levi argues that it is important to integrate US and Canadian cap-and-trade systems, while warning against the risks of a Canada-only cap-and-trade scheme and against an ill-designed US low-carbon fuel standard. Oil sands exploitation will not fundamentally change the global oil picture.

Oil-Sands 150

Oil-Sands Climate Change Oil Climate 150

Green Car Congress

MARCH 7, 2011

Ethylene, with a $160-billion market, is a valuable commodity two-carbon chemical that can be oligomerized into transportation fuels. But once you are at a two-carbon molecule with a double bond, you can go anywhere in the chemical industry. The company aims to achieve the catalyst performance required for commercialization in 2011.

Conversion 274

Conversion Transportation Fuel Carbon 274

Green Car Congress

MAY 27, 2009

Projected growth in world carbon dioxide emissions. World carbon dioxide emissions are projected to rise from 29.0 World oil prices have fallen sharply from their July 2008 high mark. As the world’s economies recover, higher world oil prices are assumed to return and to persist through 2030. Source: IEO2009.

2006 150

2006 Emissions Energy Oil-Sands 150

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 15, 2010

Without strong climate policy, one might expect production of unconventional hydrocarbon fuels to increase dramatically in the coming decades as supplies of conventional oil become gradually tighter. A growing supply of unconventional transportation fuels would tend to moderate oil prices and would drive up emissions on a life cycle basis.

Oil-Sands 225

Oil-Sands Oil Emissions Coal 225