Carbon, Global and Ozone

Reducing Black Carbon Emissions and Ground-Level Ozone Would Provide Immediate Benefit Against Climate Change

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 21, 2009

Reducing emissions of black carbon soot and ground-level ozone would quickly make a considerable dent in the climate change problem and would also contribute to public health and protect crop yields, according to an essay in the September/October issue of Foreign Affairs. Besides a danger to breathe, ozone lowers crop yields.

Climate Change

Climate Change Ozone Climate Carbon

WHO issues new, lower Global Air Quality Guidelines for classical pollutants

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 25, 2021

New WHO has issued new Global Air Quality Guidelines (AQGs) that reduce levels of key air pollutants, some of which also contribute to climate change. Since WHO’s last 2005 global update, there has been a marked increase of evidence that shows how air pollution affects different aspects of health. nitrogen dioxide (NO?)

Pollution

Pollution Global 2005 Ozone

Fast action on black carbon, ozone and methane could help limit global temperature rise to 2 degrees C

Green Car Congress

JUNE 15, 2011

Global benefits from full implementation of the identified measures in 2030 compared to the reference scenario. Fast action on pollutants such as black carbon, ground-level ozone and methane may help limit near term global temperature rise and significantly increase the chances of keeping temperature rise below 2 °C (3.6 °F)—and

Ozone

Ozone Carbon Climate Change Global

UNEP study: small number of measures targeting black carbon and tropospheric ozone could yield immediate climate benefits

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 22, 2011

Global benefits from full implementation of the identified measures in 2030 compared to the reference scenario. Black carbon and tropospheric ozone are harmful air pollutants that also contribute to climate change. The identified measures complement, but do not replace, anticipated carbon dioxide reduction measures.

Ozone

Ozone Climate Carbon Climate Change

International study identifies 14 key measures to reduce methane and black carbon emissions; reduction in projected global mean warming of ~0.5 °C by 2050

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 13, 2012

A study by an international team of researchers, led by Drew Shindell of NASA’s Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) in New York City, has identified 14 measures targeting methane and black carbon (BC) emissions that could reduce projected global mean warming ~0.5°C All 14 would curb the release of either black carbon or methane.

Carbon

Carbon Ozone Emissions International

UCL-led study finds climate impact caused by growing space industry needs urgent mitigation

Green Car Congress

JUNE 26, 2022

The rapidly growing space industry may have a greater climate effect than the aviation industry and undo repair to the protective ozone layer if left unregulated, according to a new study led by UCL and published in the journal Earth’s Future as an open-access paper. The space industry is one of the world’s fastest growing sectors.

Climate

Climate Ozone Industrial Industry

Researchers Find That Stratospheric Ozone Depletion Reduces Southern Ocean Carbon Uptake

Green Car Congress

JULY 9, 2009

Researchers in France have found that ozone depletion above Antarctica has significantly reduced the Southern Ocean’s ability to absorb atmospheric CO 2 and has also accelerated acidification of southern polar waters, despite lesser CO 2 uptake. billion tons of carbon was not taken up by the oceans. Earlier post.)

Ozone

Ozone Carbon 2004 Water

WHO links 7 million premature deaths annually to air pollution; 12.5% of total global deaths

Green Car Congress

MARCH 25, 2014

The World Health Organization now estimates that in 2012 around 7 million people died—one in eight (12.5%) of total global deaths—as a result of air pollution exposure. Estimates of people’s exposure to outdoor air pollution in different parts of the world were formulated through a new global data mapping.

Pollution

Pollution Global Ozone 2012

Study findings suggest that switching from coal to natural gas would do little for global climate

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 8, 2011

Relying more on natural gas would reduce emissions of carbon dioxide, but it would do little to help solve the climate problem. It would be many decades before it would slow down global warming at all, and even then it would just be making a difference around the edges. —Tom Wigley. degree Fahrenheit (less than 0.1

Coal

Coal Climate Gas Global

Study Finds Ozone, Nitrogen Change the Way Rising CO2 Affects Earths Water

Green Car Congress

JULY 10, 2009

Through a recent modeling experiment, a team of NASA-funded researchers have found that future concentrations of carbon dioxide and ozone in the atmosphere and of nitrogen in the soil are likely to have an important but overlooked effect on the cycling of water from sky to land to waterways. Credit: NASA. Click to enlarge.

Ozone

Ozone Water CO2 MIT

Study Finds Controlling Soot May Be Fastest Method to Reduce Arctic Ice Loss and Global Warming; Second-Leading Cause of Global Warming After CO2

Green Car Congress

JULY 29, 2010

Controlling soot from fossil fuels and solid biofuels may be a faster method of reducing Arctic ice loss and global warming than other options, including controlling CH 4 or CO 2 , although all controls are needed, according to a new study by Dr. Mark Z. Jacobson at Stanford University. Mark Jacobson. degrees Celsius (4.5

Global

Global Ozone CO2 Pollution

Study: 2/3 of aviation climate impact due to emissions other than CO2

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 6, 2020

Net warming from NO x emissions is a sum over warming (short-term ozone increase) and cooling (decreases in methane and stratospheric water vapor, and a long-term decrease in ozone) terms. These contributions involve a large number of chemical, microphysical, transport and, radiative processes in the global atmosphere.

Climate

Climate Emissions CO2 Climate Change

CSIRO study finds ozone uptake in oceans much lower than previously thought

Green Car Congress

JULY 31, 2019

CSIRO scientists have developed a new way to account for ozone in computer simulations of the climate. This latest modeling shows that the oceans take much less ozone out of the atmosphere than previously thought. Ozone (O 3 ) is formed by reactions of chemicals such as nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds—i.e.,

Ozone

Ozone Climate Global Water

NASA’s Orbiting Carbon Observatory 2 reaches orbit

Green Car Congress

JULY 2, 2014

At 2:56 AM PST today, NASA’s Orbiting Carbon Observatory 2 (OCO-2) was successfully launched into orbit from Space Complex 2 West at California’s Vandenberg Air Force Base, riding on a two-stage Delta II 7320-10 launch vehicle. by Jack Rosebro. This measurement is unique like a fingerprint, and can be used for identification.

Carbon

Carbon Aura Solar Climate Change

Study finds that under business-as-usual scenario, average global air quality to worsen; China, North India and Middle East are the hot spots

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 2, 2012

Following this BAU scenario, the researchers projected that air quality for the global average citizen in 2050 would be almost comparable to that for the average citizen in East Asia in the year 2005—an outcome which underscores the need to pursue emission reductions, according to the authors. —Pozzer et al.

India

India Global 2005 Asia

Study first to quantify amount of US pollution resulting from Chinese manufacturing for exports

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 21, 2014

Average annual percentage of black carbon pollution related to Chinese exports. China is responsible for only a small percentage of the annual pollution in the US, but powerful global winds known as “westerlies” can push airborne chemicals across the ocean in days, particularly during the spring, causing dangerous spikes in contaminants.

Pollution

Pollution Chinese Manufacturer Ozone

UN report projects that increasing use of HFCs likely to have a significant climate impact by 2050; equivalent to current total annual emissions from transport

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 21, 2011

The decrease in CO 2 equivalent emissions of ODSs (ozone-depleting substances: CFCs, halons, HCFCs, and others) may be offset by the projected increase in their non-ozone depleting substitutes (HFCs) (lines designated as HFC scenarios). Climate and the Ozone Layer. Source: UNEP. Click to enlarge.

Climate

Climate Ozone Emissions Transportation

Study Finds Traveling by Car Increases Global Temperatures More than Traveling by Plane In the Long Term

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 4, 2010

Global average values for the year 2000. A new study comparing both the absolute and normalized climate impacts of current passenger and freight transportation finds that driving a car increases global temperatures in the long run more than making the same long-distance journey by air. Bars represent 1 SD. Click to enlarge.

Global

Global Climate Change Climate 2000

NASA GISS Study Finds That Methane Has an Elevated Warming Effect Due to Interactions With Aerosols

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 30, 2009

The 100-year global warming potentials (GWPs) for methane, CO, and NO x (per Tg N) as given in the AR4 and in this study when including no aerosol response; the direct radiative effect of aerosol responses; and the direct+indirect radiative effects of aerosol responses. Source: Shindell at al. Click to enlarge. Shindell et al.

Climate Change

Climate Change Climate Ozone Pollution

Life cycle analysis of three battery chemistries for PHEVs and BEVs; environmental impacts higher than expected

Green Car Congress

APRIL 21, 2011

On a per-storage basis, the team found that the NiMH technology was found to have the highest environmental impact, followed by NCM and then LFP, for all categories considered except ozone depletion potential. They also found higher life cycle global warming emissions than have been previously reported. —Majeau-Bettez et al.

Nickel Metal Hydride

Nickel Metal Hydride NiMH Li-ion PHEV

Study finds global rivers and streams emitting 3x IPCC estimates of the GHG N2O

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 22, 2010

This new global emission estimate is startling. Nitrous oxide is a potent greenhouse gas that contributes to climate change and stratospheric ozone destruction. The global warming potential of nitrous oxide is 300-fold greater than carbon dioxide; nitrous oxide accounts for some 6% of human-induced climate change, scientists estimate.

New Hampshire

New Hampshire Global Climate Change Ozone

Stanford Professor Urges EPA to Include Black Carbon in Endangerment Finding

Green Car Congress

MAY 18, 2009

In testimony for the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) public hearing ( earlier post ) on the proposed endangerment finding for greenhouse gas emissions under the Clean Air Act ( earlier post ), Stanford Professor Mark Jacobson urged the EPA to include black carbon in the finding. F, with about 40% due to ozone. Earlier post.).

Carbon

Carbon EPA Ozone Pollution

California ARB issues official notification for Feb GHG allowance auction

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 23, 2012

Earlier in December, ARB announced that the American Carbon Registry and the Climate Action Reserve had been formally approved as offset project registries to help evaluate compliance-grade carbon offsets under California’s cap-and-trade program. Destruction of Ozone Depleting Substances. Urban forestry. Dairy manure digesters.

California

California Ozone 2013 Carbon

Study identifies Bakken Formation alone as responsible for ~2% of global ethane emissions

Green Car Congress

APRIL 29, 2016

Ethane reacts with sunlight and other molecules in the atmosphere to form ozone, which at the surface can cause respiratory problems, eye irritation and other ailments and damage crops. And they’re sufficient to explain much of the global shift in ethane concentrations. Hydrocarbons react with NO x and sunlight to produce ozone.

Ozone

Ozone Global Emissions North Dakota

Northwestern/Princeton study explores air quality impacts of aggressive conversion to EVs

Green Car Congress

APRIL 15, 2019

The exponentially increasing global market share of EVs has prompted research on their efficacy in reducing greenhouse gases, but comparatively little effort has focused on their impact on air quality. Among the findings: Summer surface ozone (O 3 ) decreases in most locations due to widespread reductions of traffic NO x emissions.

Conversion

Conversion Jordan Ozone Coal

Study finds fleet switch from PFI to GDI engines will result in net reduction in global warming

Green Car Congress

MAY 12, 2017

A new study quantifying emissions from a fleet of gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines and port fuel injection (PFI) engines finds that the measured decrease in CO 2 emissions from GDIs is much greater than the potential climate forcing associated with higher black carbon emissions from GDI engines. —Saliba et al. versus 6.3 ± 1.1

Fleet

Fleet Engine Fuel Economy Global

Study Finds On-Road Transportation Sector the Greatest Net Contributor to Atmospheric Warming Now and in Mid-Term; Power Sector Takes the Lead by 2050

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 19, 2010

used a climate model to analyze the effects of a wide range of chemical species, including carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, methane, organic carbon, black carbon, nitrate, sulfate, and ozone, from 13 sectors of the economy from 2000 to 2100. Nadine Unger. Unger et al.

Transportation

Transportation Climate Change Powered Power

Cutting Non-CO2 Pollutants Can Delay Abrupt Climate Change; The Fast Action Climate Agenda

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 14, 2009

Cutting HFCs, black carbon, tropospheric ozone, and methane can buy us about 40 years before we approach the dangerous threshold of 2°C warming. —co-author HFCs are powerful greenhouse gases originally developed as substitutes for ozone-depleting chemicals. Black Carbon. From Molina et al. Earlier post.) Mario Molina. (Dr.

Climate Change

Climate Change Climate Pollution Ozone

WMO reports GHG reached new high in 2010 since pre-industrial times; special attention on rising N2O concentrations

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 22, 2011

Carbon dioxide accounted for 80% of this increase. After water vapor, the three most prevalent long-lived greenhouse gases are carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide. Nitrous oxide contributes about 6% to the overall global increase in radiative forcing since 1750. It has grown at an average of about 0.75 Earlier post.).

2010

2010 Industrial Industry Ozone

California introduces first-in-nation rules to reduce climate “super pollutants” from commercial refrigeration, air conditioning equipment

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 14, 2020

HFCs are synthetic gases that are used in a variety of applications, but mainly to replace ozone-depleting substances in aerosols, foams, refrigeration and air-conditioning. Technology exists that makes it possible for new facilities to use refrigerants with very low-GWP today, such as carbon dioxide or ammonia.

Pollution

Pollution California Commercial Climate

NOAA greenhouse gas index continues climbing; 1.29 in 2010

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 10, 2011

NOAA’s updated Annual Greenhouse Gas Index (AGGI), which measures the direct climate influence of many greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and methane, shows a continued steady upward trend. NOAA scientists created the AGGI recognizing that carbon dioxide is not the only greenhouse gas affecting the balance of heat in the atmosphere.

2010

2010 Gas Ozone 2004

US and UK researchers report direct measurement of key atmospheric reactant; more rapid formation of secondary aerosols

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 16, 2012

The researchers believe the measurements will substantially impact the understanding of atmospheric chemistry mechanisms—in particular, in the more rapid formation of secondary aerosols, important in the formation of local smog as well as in global climate change. —Welz et al. —Marston (2012).

Ozone

Ozone Climate Change Climate 2012

Study finds anthropogenic PM and dust undercutting global solar energy production

Green Car Congress

JUNE 27, 2017

Percent reduction in visible solar energy due to ambient PM (plus a small contribution from ozone) (A), only dust PM deposition (B) deposition of all PM components (C), and atmospheric and deposited combined (D; note change in scale). Credit: ACS, Bergin et al. Click to enlarge. So we put together a comprehensive model to do just that.

Solar

Solar Energy Global Production

GISS study finds applying stricter non-CO2 vehicle emission standards worldwide would yield climate benefits in addition to major health and agricultural benefits

Green Car Congress

APRIL 4, 2011

Global and regional zonal mean temperature changes relative to 2010 due to non-CO 2. used global composition-climate modelling to examine the integrated impacts of adopting stringent European on-road vehicle-emission standards for non-CO 2 pollutants in 2015 in many developing countries. Climate response to non-CO 2 vehicle emissions.

Climate

Climate Standards Emissions Climate Change

Study projects net cooling of climate from ship emissions through 2050

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 9, 2012

Shipping-induced global temperature change in 2050 using different parameterizations of Indirect Aerosol Effect (IAE). Other than these emissions from combustion associated with main engines and boilers, there are also emissions of ozone-depleting substances (CFCs/HCFCs/ HFCs) from refrigerant and air conditioning systems.

Climate

Climate Emissions Ozone 2007

Field study finds soot particles absorb significantly less sunlight than predicted by models; climate models may be overestimating warming by BC

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 1, 2012

Although viewed as a potential target in the global effort to reduce climate change, atmospheric black carbon particles absorb significantly less sunlight than scientists have predicted, according to a new study by an international team of researchers, published in the journal Science. Earlier post.). Earlier post.).

Climate

Climate Climate Change Carbon Boston

Lancet Series Finds That Cutting Greenhouse Pollutants Will Have Major Direct Health Benefits Worldwide

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 28, 2009

Carefully choosing how we reduce greenhouse gas emissions will have the added benefit of reducing global health inequities. Smith, professor of global environmental health at UC Berkeley and principal investigator in the United States for the overall research effort. —Kirk R.

Pollution

Pollution Climate Change Ozone Climate

CSIRO publishes Southern Hemisphere GHG data online

Green Car Congress

JUNE 20, 2011

The data are updated monthly from analyses of air measurements at Cape Grim, which, under baseline conditions, experiences some of the cleanest air in the world and accurately reflects global changes in greenhouse gases. Data for the synthetic greenhouse and ozone depleting gases, such as CFCs, also are available.

Ozone

Ozone Climate Change Carbon Mariner

EPA proposes new rules to reduce global warming HFC emissions from refrigerants

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 16, 2015

Specifically, the proposed rule updates the current prohibition under section 608 of the Clean Air Act against knowingly venting, releasing or disposing of ozone-depleting (ODS) and substitute refrigerants and extends the requirements, as appropriate, to non-ozone-depleting substitute refrigerants, such as hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs).

EPA

EPA Emissions Global Ozone

MSU team developing bio-isoprene for synthetic rubber production

Green Car Congress

MAY 16, 2012

Sharkey’s research team already has measured rates of isoprene emission from plants that are used by the Environmental Protection Agency to predict lower-atmosphere ozone levels. His team also has created models to measure how much isoprene plants release on a global scale. With the enzyme, Sharkey has made bio-isoprene using bacteria.

Ozone

Ozone Production Michigan Automobile

UN Review of Recent Climate Research Concludes That Impacts Of Climate Change Coming Faster Than Anticipated

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 25, 2009

Ocean acidification caused by the absorption of carbon dioxide in seawater is already increasing along the California coast decades earlier than existing models predict. The growth in carbon dioxide emissions from energy and industry has exceeded even the most fossil-fuel intensive scenario developed by the IPCC at the end of the 1990s.

Climate Change

Climate Change Climate 2007 Ozone

Congressman introduces “Super Pollutant” emissions act

Green Car Congress

MAY 10, 2013

The short-lived climate pollutants (also called super pollutants) include black carbon, a primary component of soot; tropospheric ozone, the principle component of urban smog; methane; and hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs). C in projected cumulative warming by 2050 and 1.1 °C C or more projected warming by 2100, IGSD says.

Pollution

Pollution Emissions Ozone Climate Change

California ARB and NOAA Collaborating in $20M Research on Interaction of Air Pollution and Climate Change; One Atmosphere Approach

Green Car Congress

MAY 28, 2010

Schematic diagram of the trade-offs between the implications for regional air quality and global climate change of new policies for management of the atmosphere. The complex roles that ozone and aerosols play in the atmosphere provide examples of such trade-offs. Source: NOAA. Click to enlarge. emission inventories?

Climate Change

Climate Change Climate Pollution California

IPCC: GHG emissions accelerating despite mitigation efforts; major institutional and technological change required to keep the heat down

Green Car Congress

APRIL 13, 2014

Decomposition of the decadal change in total global CO 2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion by four driving factors; population, income (GDP) per capita, energy intensity of GDP and carbon intensity of energy. giga tonne carbon dioxide equivalent (GtCO 2 eq) (2.2%) per year from 2000 to 2010 compared to 0.4 Click to enlarge.

Emissions

Emissions Climate Change 2000 Climate

Reducing Black Carbon Emissions and Ground-Level Ozone Would Provide Immediate Benefit Against Climate Change

WHO issues new, lower Global Air Quality Guidelines for classical pollutants

Fast action on black carbon, ozone and methane could help limit global temperature rise to 2 degrees C

UNEP study: small number of measures targeting black carbon and tropospheric ozone could yield immediate climate benefits

International study identifies 14 key measures to reduce methane and black carbon emissions; reduction in projected global mean warming of ~0.5 °C by 2050

UCL-led study finds climate impact caused by growing space industry needs urgent mitigation

Researchers Find That Stratospheric Ozone Depletion Reduces Southern Ocean Carbon Uptake

WHO links 7 million premature deaths annually to air pollution; 12.5% of total global deaths

Study findings suggest that switching from coal to natural gas would do little for global climate

Study Finds Ozone, Nitrogen Change the Way Rising CO2 Affects Earths Water

Study Finds Controlling Soot May Be Fastest Method to Reduce Arctic Ice Loss and Global Warming; Second-Leading Cause of Global Warming After CO2

Study: 2/3 of aviation climate impact due to emissions other than CO2

CSIRO study finds ozone uptake in oceans much lower than previously thought

NASA’s Orbiting Carbon Observatory 2 reaches orbit

Study finds that under business-as-usual scenario, average global air quality to worsen; China, North India and Middle East are the hot spots

Study first to quantify amount of US pollution resulting from Chinese manufacturing for exports

UN report projects that increasing use of HFCs likely to have a significant climate impact by 2050; equivalent to current total annual emissions from transport

Study Finds Traveling by Car Increases Global Temperatures More than Traveling by Plane In the Long Term

NASA GISS Study Finds That Methane Has an Elevated Warming Effect Due to Interactions With Aerosols

Life cycle analysis of three battery chemistries for PHEVs and BEVs; environmental impacts higher than expected

Study finds global rivers and streams emitting 3x IPCC estimates of the GHG N2O

Stanford Professor Urges EPA to Include Black Carbon in Endangerment Finding

California ARB issues official notification for Feb GHG allowance auction

Study identifies Bakken Formation alone as responsible for ~2% of global ethane emissions

Northwestern/Princeton study explores air quality impacts of aggressive conversion to EVs

Study finds fleet switch from PFI to GDI engines will result in net reduction in global warming

Study Finds On-Road Transportation Sector the Greatest Net Contributor to Atmospheric Warming Now and in Mid-Term; Power Sector Takes the Lead by 2050

Cutting Non-CO2 Pollutants Can Delay Abrupt Climate Change; The Fast Action Climate Agenda

WMO reports GHG reached new high in 2010 since pre-industrial times; special attention on rising N2O concentrations

California introduces first-in-nation rules to reduce climate “super pollutants” from commercial refrigeration, air conditioning equipment

NOAA greenhouse gas index continues climbing; 1.29 in 2010

US and UK researchers report direct measurement of key atmospheric reactant; more rapid formation of secondary aerosols

Study finds anthropogenic PM and dust undercutting global solar energy production

GISS study finds applying stricter non-CO2 vehicle emission standards worldwide would yield climate benefits in addition to major health and agricultural benefits

Study projects net cooling of climate from ship emissions through 2050

Field study finds soot particles absorb significantly less sunlight than predicted by models; climate models may be overestimating warming by BC

Lancet Series Finds That Cutting Greenhouse Pollutants Will Have Major Direct Health Benefits Worldwide

CSIRO publishes Southern Hemisphere GHG data online

EPA proposes new rules to reduce global warming HFC emissions from refrigerants

MSU team developing bio-isoprene for synthetic rubber production

UN Review of Recent Climate Research Concludes That Impacts Of Climate Change Coming Faster Than Anticipated

Congressman introduces “Super Pollutant” emissions act

California ARB and NOAA Collaborating in $20M Research on Interaction of Air Pollution and Climate Change; One Atmosphere Approach

IPCC: GHG emissions accelerating despite mitigation efforts; major institutional and technological change required to keep the heat down

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