Carbon, Exhaust and Ozone

Reducing Black Carbon Emissions and Ground-Level Ozone Would Provide Immediate Benefit Against Climate Change

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 21, 2009

Reducing emissions of black carbon soot and ground-level ozone would quickly make a considerable dent in the climate change problem and would also contribute to public health and protect crop yields, according to an essay in the September/October issue of Foreign Affairs. Besides a danger to breathe, ozone lowers crop yields.

Climate Change

Climate Change Ozone Climate Carbon

EPA proposes approval of new ozone plans for the two of the worst Air Quality Zones in US: California’s San Joaquin Valley and South Coast

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 9, 2011

US EPA Region 9 8-hour ozone trends, 1979-2000. These State Implementation Plans (SIPs) are the roadmaps to meeting the 1997 8-hour ozone National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) of 0.08 In 1997, EPA first established the 8-hour ozone standard, which replaced the older 1-hour ozone standard (0.12 Source: EPA.

Ozone

Ozone EPA Pollution 2002

UK researchers report that alcohols in windshield washer fluid are major unreported source of VOCs emissions from cars, including EVs

Green Car Congress

JUNE 8, 2023

A fleet average nonfuel nonexhaust VOC emission factor of 58 ± 39 mg veh –1 km –1 was calculated for the missing source, which is greater than the total of all VOCs emitted from vehicle exhausts and their associated evaporative fuel losses. While some VOCs are released in exhaust, others may arise from an unexpected source—e.g.,

Emissions

Emissions Exhaust Cars Ozone

MIT study says combustion emissions cause ~200,000 premature deaths/year in US; vehicles and power generation top sources

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 29, 2013

1,000 to 21,000) deaths due to changes in ozone concentrations. 900 to 11,000) ozone-related early deaths per year. 300 to 4,000) ozone-related premature mortalities per year. 2000 (90% CI: 0–4,000) early deaths from ozone, according to the study. 53,000 (90% CI: 24,000–95,000) PM 2.5 related premature deaths and ?5,000

MIT

MIT Emissions Ozone Powered

New statistical method to detect ozone pollution hot spots and monitor instrument failure; combining PCA and MEWMA

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 13, 2016

A new statistical method developed by researchers at KAUST (King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Saudi Arabia) can detect abnormal ozone levels within large bodies of monitored data. The monitoring methods can quickly and accurately detect ozone anomalies—localized spikes in ozone concentration indicated by sensor data.

Ozone

Ozone Saudi Arabia Pollution France

Berkeley study identifies diesel as main source of vehicular secondary organic aerosols

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 23, 2012

Contribution of gasoline and diesel exhaust to SOA over 0% to 50% diesel fuel use. The study determined that, depending on a region’s fuel use, diesel exhaust is responsible for 65% to 90% of vehicular-derived SOA, with substantial contributions from aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons. Gentner et al. Click to enlarge. Earlier post.).

Diesel

Diesel Los Angeles Exhaust Gasoline

Study finds propane school buses significantly decrease NOx emissions compared to diesel

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 5, 2019

Researchers installed a portable emissions measurement system to measure exhaust emissions on each vehicle and performed test runs on each bus with both cold and hot starts, for a total of 36 test routes. NO x was reduced by 96% and carbon dioxide by 13% with a propane bus. —Ross Ryskamp, Ph.D.,

West Virginia

West Virginia Diesel Emissions Virginia

The importance of considering non-exhaust traffic emissions; the role of EVs

Green Car Congress

MAY 2, 2016

the criteria pollutants and CO 2 that emerge with the exhaust from the tailpipe. However, there is more than 15 years of research showing that the contribution of non-exhaust primary particles to the total traffic generated primary particles is significant in urban areas. Further, a 2013 review by Denier van der Gon et al. Background.

Exhaust

Exhaust Emissions Belgium Gasoline-Electric

Study Finds Controlling Soot May Be Fastest Method to Reduce Arctic Ice Loss and Global Warming; Second-Leading Cause of Global Warming After CO2

Green Car Congress

JULY 29, 2010

Results of the study suggest that soot is second only to carbon dioxide in contributing to global warming. Jacobson found that the combination of the two types of soot is the second-leading cause of global warming after carbon dioxide. Particle traps filter out soot particles from exhaust fumes. Jacobson at Stanford University.

Global

Global Ozone CO2 Pollution

CRC ACES Phase 2 report finds emissions from modern heavy-duty diesels well below required levels

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 4, 2013

Emissions of carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons were also significantly below required 2010 levels: 97% and more than 99.9%, respectively. The study, the Phase 2 Report of the comprehensive Advanced Collaborative Emissions Study (ACES). In 2010, EPA’s stringent NO x limit of 0.20 g/hp-hr in 2010.

Diesel

Diesel Emissions 2004 San Antonio

Study provides more insight into air pollution mechanisms that cause cardiovascular diseases

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 24, 2018

course, fine, ultrafine particles) and gaseous pollutants such as ozone, on vascular function. Key research questions focused on components of air pollution (particulate matter, ozone, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, and sulfur dioxide) that are particularly damaging to the cardiovascular system and mechanisms that damage the vessels.

Pollution

Pollution Insight Ozone Cleveland

GISS study finds applying stricter non-CO2 vehicle emission standards worldwide would yield climate benefits in addition to major health and agricultural benefits

Green Car Congress

APRIL 4, 2011

million metric tons of avoided ozone-related yield losses of major food crops; $US0.6-2.4 While reductions in particulate matter tend to produce local health benefits, the scientists found health and agricultural benefits from reduced ozone disperse more widely. trillion avoided health damage and $US1.1-4.3

Climate

Climate Standards Emissions Climate Change

HEI ACES study of lifetime animal exposure to New Technology Diesel Engine exhaust finds no lung cancer

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 27, 2015

The first study to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of lifetime exposure to new technology diesel exhaust (NTDE)—i.e., exhaust from heavy-duty diesel engines meeting EPA 2007 and later emissions requirements—has found no evidence of carcinogenic lung tumors. Earlier post.) Advanced Collaborative Emissions Study (ACES).

Exhaust

Exhaust Diesel Engine 2007

BASF introduces EvapTrap automotive hydrocarbon trap for LEV III evaporative emissions compliance without backpressure increase

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 15, 2014

Traditional solutions involve adding an activated carbon honeycomb or filter to the air intake box to adsorb the hydrocarbons. Traditional solutions involve adding an activated carbon honeycomb or filter to the air intake box to adsorb the hydrocarbons. It is also a tamper-proof solution.

Emissions

Emissions Fuel Economy Ozone Conversion

Comparative study finds that B20 increases emission rates of a number of pollutants in both light- and medium-duty diesel engines at idle

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 20, 2012

Panels show (a) PM 2.5 , (b) elemental carbon (EC), (c) NO x , (d) CO, (e) formaldehyde, and (f) sum of target VOCs. They found that the level of emissions of regulated and unregulated pollutants in diesel exhaust depends on fuel, load, engine calibration, and exhaust aftertreatment technology. Emission rates for the 1.7

Pollution

Pollution Diesel Emissions Engine

Study: curbing diesel emissions could reduce mortality rates in big cities

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 1, 2019

Freight transportation is a pillar of the US national economy, but while long-haul trucks account for less than 6% of the vehicle miles traveled over US highways, they account for about 40% of the emissions of air polluting particulate matter and about 55% of nitrogen oxides, the precursor to ozone in the atmosphere, the study said.

Emissions

Emissions Diesel Ozone United States

OptiFuel finalizing $2.6M DOE grant to demonstrate RNG hybrid line-haul locomotive

Green Car Congress

JULY 24, 2020

All will have zero NO x /PM emissions with carbon-neutral emissions by consuming an RNG/CNG mixture. The rail sector is the only transportation modality without significant emissions related development that is feasible in the near-term to eliminate ozone, smog and GHG emissions, OptiFuel says.

Grant

Grant Hybrid Ozone EPA

CARB releases results of multi-year E15 study; multiple air quality benefits with slight reduction in fuel economy

Green Car Congress

JULY 18, 2022

The California Air Resources Board (CARB) has released the results of a multiyear study evaluating exhaust emissions from the use of California Reformulated Gasoline (CaRFG) that contains 15 volume percent ethanol (E15). California currently limits the ethanol content of gasoline to 10 percent. The study used two fuels—an E10 and E15.

Fuel Economy

Fuel Economy Economy Fuel Ozone

California ARB releases concept paper for public review on reducing short-lived climate pollutants

Green Car Congress

MAY 8, 2015

Short-lived climate pollutants (SLCPs) include methane, tropospheric ozone, black carbon, and fluorinated gases. They are powerful climate forcers that remain in the atmosphere for a much shorter period of time than carbon dioxide.

Pollution

Pollution Climate Concept California

ARB Outfits Two Electric Vehicles to Measure Ground-Level GHG

Green Car Congress

JUNE 18, 2009

The two vehicles, working together to gather upwind and downwind readings of sources, will monitor for methane, nitrous oxide, carbon dioxide, halocarbons, sulfur hexafluoride, carbon monoxide, ozone and particulate elemental carbon; as well as particulate matter size and distribution.

Electric Vehicles

Electric Vehicles Vehicles Ozone Gas-Electric

Study finds fleet switch from PFI to GDI engines will result in net reduction in global warming

Green Car Congress

MAY 12, 2017

A new study quantifying emissions from a fleet of gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines and port fuel injection (PFI) engines finds that the measured decrease in CO 2 emissions from GDIs is much greater than the potential climate forcing associated with higher black carbon emissions from GDI engines. —Saliba et al. versus 6.3 ± 1.1

Fleet

Fleet Engine Fuel Economy Global

HEI study finds London Congestion Charging Scheme shows little evidence of improving air quality

Green Car Congress

APRIL 27, 2011

HEI has funded more than 280 research projects in North America, Europe, Asia, and Latin America, the results of which have informed decisions regarding carbon monoxide, air toxics, nitrogen oxides, diesel exhaust, ozone, particulate matter, and other pollutants.

London

London Charging Pollution Diesel

Study finds climate impact of long distance trip can vary by factor of 10 depending upon mode, efficiency and occupancy

Green Car Congress

JUNE 27, 2013

They accounted for both CO 2 emissions and emissions of ozone precursors (NO x , VOC, CO) and aerosols (BC or black carbon, OC, SO 2 ) as well as cloud effects (aviation-induced cirrus clouds and contrails)—i.e., Results could be used directly for calculating carbon credits or offsets required for single trips.

Climate

Climate Diesel Emissions Climate Change

London and Paris launch car scoring initiative based on real-world emissions; ICCT the technical lead

Green Car Congress

MARCH 29, 2017

This new undertaking will capture detailed information on pollutants from vehicle exhaust using remote-sensing equipment and portable emissions monitoring systems. The ICCT will be the lead technical organizational partner managing vehicle testing and data analysis in the TRUE Project.

London

London Emissions The Fia Foundation Pollution

Study finds air quality models significantly underestimate traffic as source of NOx in Europe

Green Car Congress

JUNE 1, 2017

We continuously measure the concentration of carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxide and volatile organic compounds at our urban observatory in Innsbruck. Generally, different combustion and exhaust treatment characteristics result in significantly higher NO x /CO 2 emission ratios for diesel powered cars than for gasoline. —Thomas Karl.

Europe

Europe Diesel Emissions Pollution

Climate Expert: Don't Call It Geoengineering

Cars That Think

NOVEMBER 16, 2021

Everyone solemnly agreed, again, to follow the science, which has shown in exhaustive detail that humanity will suffer from heat, fire, floods, and droughts if the world warms beyond 1.5° Spectrum : When you talk about climate interventions, are you including carbon removal and sequestration in that category? Which is good.

Climate

Climate Climate Change Mariner Pollution

Why Electric Buses Are the Healthy School Choice

Blink Charging

NOVEMBER 28, 2023

Many school districts use diesel buses for fuel efficiency, but even diesel exhaust was classified as a known carcinogen to humans in 2012.

Fleet

Fleet Electric Electrical United States

HEI launches two new non-tailpipe particulate emission studies

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 8, 2023

Emissions from automobile exhaust systems have decreased in recent years due to the introduction of cleaner fuels and new control technologies on internal combustion engines, as well as increases in numbers of hybrid and electric vehicles.

Emissions

Emissions Pollution Exhaust London

Study estimates ~4M children worldwide develop asthma each year because of NO2 air pollution

Green Car Congress

APRIL 11, 2019

NO 2 is just one component of air pollution, which is made up of many pollutants (including particulate matter, ozone, carbon monoxide), which are known to have numerous adverse effects on health. NO 2 is a pollutant formed mainly from fossil fuel combustion, and traffic emissions can contribute up to 80% of ambient NO 2 in cities.

Pollution

Pollution United Arab Emirates South Korea Las Vegas

ICCT finds growth in shipping in Arctic could increase pollutant emissions 150-600% by 2025 with current fuels

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 5, 2015

While that report projected vessel activity, it did not explore the environmental impacts of increased shipping in terms of air emissions or the potential climate impacts from increases in short-lived climate pollutants such as black carbon. Comparison of the potential reduction in emissions with the application of lower sulfur 0.5%

Pollution

Pollution Emissions Fuel Mariner

EV Driven

Reducing Black Carbon Emissions and Ground-Level Ozone Would Provide Immediate Benefit Against Climate Change

EPA proposes approval of new ozone plans for the two of the worst Air Quality Zones in US: California’s San Joaquin Valley and South Coast

UK researchers report that alcohols in windshield washer fluid are major unreported source of VOCs emissions from cars, including EVs

MIT study says combustion emissions cause ~200,000 premature deaths/year in US; vehicles and power generation top sources

New statistical method to detect ozone pollution hot spots and monitor instrument failure; combining PCA and MEWMA

Berkeley study identifies diesel as main source of vehicular secondary organic aerosols

Study finds propane school buses significantly decrease NOx emissions compared to diesel

The importance of considering non-exhaust traffic emissions; the role of EVs

Study Finds Controlling Soot May Be Fastest Method to Reduce Arctic Ice Loss and Global Warming; Second-Leading Cause of Global Warming After CO2

CRC ACES Phase 2 report finds emissions from modern heavy-duty diesels well below required levels

Study provides more insight into air pollution mechanisms that cause cardiovascular diseases

GISS study finds applying stricter non-CO2 vehicle emission standards worldwide would yield climate benefits in addition to major health and agricultural benefits

HEI ACES study of lifetime animal exposure to New Technology Diesel Engine exhaust finds no lung cancer

BASF introduces EvapTrap automotive hydrocarbon trap for LEV III evaporative emissions compliance without backpressure increase

Comparative study finds that B20 increases emission rates of a number of pollutants in both light- and medium-duty diesel engines at idle

Study: curbing diesel emissions could reduce mortality rates in big cities

OptiFuel finalizing $2.6M DOE grant to demonstrate RNG hybrid line-haul locomotive

CARB releases results of multi-year E15 study; multiple air quality benefits with slight reduction in fuel economy

California ARB releases concept paper for public review on reducing short-lived climate pollutants

ARB Outfits Two Electric Vehicles to Measure Ground-Level GHG

Study finds fleet switch from PFI to GDI engines will result in net reduction in global warming

HEI study finds London Congestion Charging Scheme shows little evidence of improving air quality

Study finds climate impact of long distance trip can vary by factor of 10 depending upon mode, efficiency and occupancy

London and Paris launch car scoring initiative based on real-world emissions; ICCT the technical lead

Study finds air quality models significantly underestimate traffic as source of NOx in Europe

Climate Expert: Don't Call It Geoengineering

Why Electric Buses Are the Healthy School Choice

HEI launches two new non-tailpipe particulate emission studies

Study estimates ~4M children worldwide develop asthma each year because of NO2 air pollution

ICCT finds growth in shipping in Arctic could increase pollutant emissions 150-600% by 2025 with current fuels

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