Carbon, Comparison and Ozone

Renault makes public its lifecycle study of Fluence ICE vs Fluence EV

Green Car Congress

JULY 11, 2013

Renault’s comparison of the carbon footprint of EV and ICE vehicles over production, operation and end of life. The publication gives the opportunity for an “apples-to-apples” comparison between the environmental impacts of the two types of powertrains: same manufacturer, same model, same boundary conditions. Click to enlarge.

Li-ion

Li-ion Gasoline-Electric Ozone Diesel

EPA report to Congress finds a strong scientific and technical foundation for mitigating black carbon emissions

Green Car Congress

APRIL 2, 2012

The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has submitted its final Report to Congress on Black Carbon , in response to an October 2009 request from Congress to advance efforts to understand the role of black carbon (BC) in climate change. —Report to Congress on Black Carbon. Report to Congress on Black Carbon.

Congress

Congress EPA Carbon Emissions

NOAA greenhouse gas index continues climbing; 1.29 in 2010

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 10, 2011

NOAA’s updated Annual Greenhouse Gas Index (AGGI), which measures the direct climate influence of many greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and methane, shows a continued steady upward trend. NOAA scientists created the AGGI recognizing that carbon dioxide is not the only greenhouse gas affecting the balance of heat in the atmosphere.

2010

2010 Gas Ozone 2004

NASA GISS Study Finds That Methane Has an Elevated Warming Effect Due to Interactions With Aerosols

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 30, 2009

In particular, the study led by Drew Shindell found that methane emissions have a larger warming impact due to those interactions than accounted for in current carbon-trading schemes or in the Kyoto Protocol. And hydroxyls drive long chains of reactions involving other common gases, including ozone. Shindell et al.

Climate Change

Climate Change Climate Ozone Pollution

Study finds that environmental impact of corn-ethanol E85 is 23% to 33% higher than that of gasoline; environmental problem-shifting

Green Car Congress

MARCH 16, 2012

eutrophication; ET = ecological toxicity; FEC = fossil energy consumption; WU = water use; LO = land occupation; “The rest” includes acidification; smog formation; ozone layer depletion; and human health effects. This study highlighted the environmental impacts of corn ethanol in comparison with gasoline. GW = global warming; Eut.

Gasoline

Gasoline Water Emissions Pollution

OptiFuel finalizing $2.6M DOE grant to demonstrate RNG hybrid line-haul locomotive

Green Car Congress

JULY 24, 2020

All will have zero NO x /PM emissions with carbon-neutral emissions by consuming an RNG/CNG mixture. The rail sector is the only transportation modality without significant emissions related development that is feasible in the near-term to eliminate ozone, smog and GHG emissions, OptiFuel says. g/bhp-hr of PM.

Grant

Grant Hybrid Ozone EPA

Field study finds soot particles absorb significantly less sunlight than predicted by models; climate models may be overestimating warming by BC

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 1, 2012

Although viewed as a potential target in the global effort to reduce climate change, atmospheric black carbon particles absorb significantly less sunlight than scientists have predicted, according to a new study by an international team of researchers, published in the journal Science. Credit: Cappa et al. Click to enlarge. Earlier post.).

Climate

Climate Climate Change Carbon Boston

Emissions of Air Pollutants down in EU-27

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 22, 2009

The downward emission trend of three main pollutants which cause ground-level ozone continued in 2007: carbon monoxide (CO) fell by 57%, non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) were down by 47% and nitrogen oxides (NO x ) have dropped 36%. EU-27 emissions of all four pollutants were lower in 2007 than in 2006.

Pollution

Pollution Emissions Czech Republic United Kingdom

Study finds fleet switch from PFI to GDI engines will result in net reduction in global warming

Green Car Congress

MAY 12, 2017

A new study quantifying emissions from a fleet of gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines and port fuel injection (PFI) engines finds that the measured decrease in CO 2 emissions from GDIs is much greater than the potential climate forcing associated with higher black carbon emissions from GDI engines. —Saliba et al. versus 6.3 ± 1.1

Fleet

Fleet Engine Fuel Economy Global

HEI study finds London Congestion Charging Scheme shows little evidence of improving air quality

Green Car Congress

APRIL 27, 2011

From their comparison of actual air pollutant measurements within the CCZ with those at control sites in Outer London, the investigators reported little evidence of CCS-related changes in pollutant levels at roadside monitoring sites, where their modeling had suggested the most pronounced effects would be seen.

London

London Charging Pollution Diesel

Abt life-cycle analysis of different Li-ion chemistries for PHEVs and EVs identifies opportunities for improving environmental profile of batteries

Green Car Congress

JUNE 30, 2013

In addition, a single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) anode technology for possible future use in these batteries was assessed. However, with ozone depletion and occupational cancer hazard, lower impacts are observed under the IL smart charging scenario, due to lower emissions of halogenated compounds and formaldehyde, respectively.

Li-ion

Li-ion PHEV Battery Batteries

Toyota to pioneer use of biosynthetic rubber in engine and drive system hoses

Green Car Congress

APRIL 21, 2016

Since plants absorb CO 2 from the atmosphere during their lifespan, such bio-materials achieve an estimated 20% reduction in material lifecycle carbon emissions in comparison to conventional petroleum-based hydrin rubber. Jointly developed by Toyota, Zeon Corporation , and Sumitomo Riko Co., Vacuum sensing hose production process.

Toyota

Toyota Engine Ozone Automobile Manufacturer

Lifecycle study finds that environmental impacts of silicon-anode Li-ion battery could be roughly comparable with conventional Li-ion battery

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 17, 2014

A conventional battery pack using graphite anode with the same capacity was the a basis for comparison of the life cycle impact results. The average US electricity mix was supposed for the battery charging and operations. The conventional battery pack had 36 modules; each module had 12 cells.

Li-ion

Li-ion Battery Batteries Milwaukee

Comparative study finds that B20 increases emission rates of a number of pollutants in both light- and medium-duty diesel engines at idle

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 20, 2012

Panels show (a) PM 2.5 , (b) elemental carbon (EC), (c) NO x , (d) CO, (e) formaldehyde, and (f) sum of target VOCs. Among the findings were that at idle, B20 increased engine-out and DOC-out emission rates of CO, NMHC, PM 2.5 , elemental carbon (EC), formaldehyde, benzene, and other VOCs (volatile organic compounds) for both the 1.7

Pollution

Pollution Diesel Emissions Engine

Study finds climate impact of long distance trip can vary by factor of 10 depending upon mode, efficiency and occupancy

Green Car Congress

JUNE 27, 2013

They accounted for both CO 2 emissions and emissions of ozone precursors (NO x , VOC, CO) and aerosols (BC or black carbon, OC, SO 2 ) as well as cloud effects (aviation-induced cirrus clouds and contrails)—i.e., Results could be used directly for calculating carbon credits or offsets required for single trips.

Climate

Climate Diesel Emissions Climate Change

ICCT finds growth in shipping in Arctic could increase pollutant emissions 150-600% by 2025 with current fuels

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 5, 2015

Comparison of the potential reduction in emissions with the application of lower sulfur 0.5% While that report projected vessel activity, it did not explore the environmental impacts of increased shipping in terms of air emissions or the potential climate impacts from increases in short-lived climate pollutants such as black carbon.

Pollution

Pollution Emissions Fuel Mariner

Up close and personal with Volkswagen’s e-Golf carbon offset project: Garcia River Forest

Green Car Congress

JUNE 8, 2015

In 2014, Volkswagen of America announced that starting with the launch of the zero-tailpipe emissions battery-electric 2015 e-Golf ( earlier post ), it would invest in projects to offset the carbon emissions created from the e-Golf on a full lifecycle basis: production, distribution and up to approximately 36,000 miles (57,936 km) of driving.

Carbon

Carbon Personal Store Emissions

GISS study finds applying stricter non-CO2 vehicle emission standards worldwide would yield climate benefits in addition to major health and agricultural benefits

Green Car Congress

APRIL 4, 2011

million metric tons of avoided ozone-related yield losses of major food crops; $US0.6-2.4 While reductions in particulate matter tend to produce local health benefits, the scientists found health and agricultural benefits from reduced ozone disperse more widely. In comparison, the Northern Hemisphere has warmed by about 0.3°C

Climate

Climate Standards Emissions Climate Change

EV Driven

Renault makes public its lifecycle study of Fluence ICE vs Fluence EV

EPA report to Congress finds a strong scientific and technical foundation for mitigating black carbon emissions

NOAA greenhouse gas index continues climbing; 1.29 in 2010

NASA GISS Study Finds That Methane Has an Elevated Warming Effect Due to Interactions With Aerosols

Study finds that environmental impact of corn-ethanol E85 is 23% to 33% higher than that of gasoline; environmental problem-shifting

OptiFuel finalizing $2.6M DOE grant to demonstrate RNG hybrid line-haul locomotive

Field study finds soot particles absorb significantly less sunlight than predicted by models; climate models may be overestimating warming by BC

Emissions of Air Pollutants down in EU-27

Study finds fleet switch from PFI to GDI engines will result in net reduction in global warming

HEI study finds London Congestion Charging Scheme shows little evidence of improving air quality

Abt life-cycle analysis of different Li-ion chemistries for PHEVs and EVs identifies opportunities for improving environmental profile of batteries

Toyota to pioneer use of biosynthetic rubber in engine and drive system hoses

Lifecycle study finds that environmental impacts of silicon-anode Li-ion battery could be roughly comparable with conventional Li-ion battery

Comparative study finds that B20 increases emission rates of a number of pollutants in both light- and medium-duty diesel engines at idle

Study finds climate impact of long distance trip can vary by factor of 10 depending upon mode, efficiency and occupancy

ICCT finds growth in shipping in Arctic could increase pollutant emissions 150-600% by 2025 with current fuels

Up close and personal with Volkswagen’s e-Golf carbon offset project: Garcia River Forest

GISS study finds applying stricter non-CO2 vehicle emission standards worldwide would yield climate benefits in addition to major health and agricultural benefits

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