Green Car Congress

JULY 7, 2012

Well-to-wheel (WTW) greenhouse gas emissions for in situ SAGD and surface mining pathways generated employing GHOST/TIAX/ GHGenius combination and comparison with SAGD, mining and conventional crude oil literature pathways (all results are on a HHV basis). 74% of WTW emissions in our oil sands pathways. Click to enlarge.

Oil-Sands 287

Oil-Sands Oil Gas-Electric Emissions 287

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 13, 2021

“Blue” hydrogen—produced through steam methane reforming (SMR) of natural gas or coal gasification, but with CO 2 capture and storage—is being described as having low or zero carbon emissions. Our analysis assumes that captured carbon dioxide can be stored indefinitely, an optimistic and unproven assumption.

Hydrogen 414

Hydrogen Gas Coal Exhaust 414

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 3, 2010

A comparison of estimates of the energy return on investment (EROI) at the wellhead for conventional crude oil, or for crude product prior to refining for oil shale. Oil shale” is shale containing kerogen, a combination of chemical compounds that can be converted into synthetic petroleum. Source: Cleveland and O’Connor.

Oil 199

Oil Cleveland Carbon Conversion 199

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 21, 2012

Both scientific research and industrial experience have found that bitumen-derived crude oil (i.e., crude from the oil sands) is no more corrosive in transmission pipelines than other crudes, according to Natural Resources Canada (NRC). In the absence of water, the crude oil is noncorrosive. —ASTM G205.

Oil-Sands 225

Oil-Sands Oil Water Canada 225

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 28, 2022

Hydrogen demand is currently concentrated in oil refining and ammonia production, but nearly 90% of projected demand growth through 2050 comes from new sectors like heavy-duty transportation, steel production, and long-term energy storage. According to S&P Global Commodity Insights’ hydrogen outlook, global hydrogen demand grows from 70.4

Hydrogen 482

Hydrogen Insight Oklahoma Carbon 482

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 27, 2021

Chan School of Public Health, and consulted by dozens of experts in academia, updates ethanol’s carbon intensity score to reflect how continuous improvements in technology and practices have driven further emissions reductions in the lifecycle of ethanol and will lead to net zero renewable fuel in the future. gCO 2 e/MJ (range of 37.6

Gasoline 493

Gasoline Emissions Gasoline-Electric Gas-Electric 493

Green Car Congress

JULY 8, 2012

A new black carbon (BC) emissions inventory from China found BC emissions levels in 2007 of 1,957 Gg BC—higher than reported in earlier studies. Black carbon is released into the atmosphere via incomplete combustion of carbonaceous fuel and is of major concern because of the impact on climate systems. Credit: ACS, Wang et al.

2007 271

2007 Carbon Emissions China 271

Green Car Congress

APRIL 2, 2017

Notwithstanding that oil demand has increased for over 150 years, it will eventually stop increasing. If oil demand were to reach an actual peak, then the top might be easier to predict. EIA data shows that 35 countries in all have already reached and descended from maximum oil demand. by Dwayne Purvis for Oilprice.com.

Oil 250

Oil Saudi Arabia 2007 Supplies 250

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 25, 2009

Oil shale is a fine-grained sedimentary rock containing kerogen—a solid organic precursor to oil and gas—from which hydrocarbon gases and liquids (HCs) can be obtained through the application of heat. Mbbl of shale oil from 2.7 Mbbl of shale oil from 2.7 Onsite upgrading of raw shale oil. Credit: ACS.

Gasoline 239

Gasoline Oil Emissions Convert 239

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 16, 2011

Researchers at the University of Bradford (UK) are proposing a method for increasing the yield of middle distillates (such as car fuel, jet fuel, and diesel fuel) from the refinery by applying catalytic hydrotreating (HDT) to the full crude oil, rather than the now common application of hydrotreating processes to oil fractions a (i.e.,

Oil 210

Oil Hydrogen Light Fuel 210

Green Car Congress

JUNE 18, 2010

The US Department of Energy (DOE) has awarded an agreement to the University of North Dakota Energy and Environmental Research Center (UNDEERC) to extend a study that will enhance the understanding of factors affecting oil production from the Bakken and Three Forks-Sanish formations within the Williston Basin.

North Dakota 230

North Dakota Oil Production Alaska 230

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 26, 2010

Pyrolysis bio-oils are produced by the thermal decomposition of biomass by heating in the absence of oxygen at more than 500 °C; fast pyrolysis of biomass is much less expensive than biomass conversion technologies based on gasification or fermentation processes. Solid arrows: Pyrolysis oil is directly passed over the zeolite catalyst.

Oil 225

Oil Convert Hydrogen Fuel 225

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 13, 2011

Change in primary oil demand by sector and region in the central New Policies Scenario, 2010-2035. Under the WEO 2011 central scenario, oil demand rises from 87 million barrels per day (mb/d) in 2010 to 99 mb/d in 2035, with all the net growth coming from the transport sector in emerging economies. Click to enlarge. billion in 2035.

Oil 247

Oil Transportation Cheap Energy 247

Green Car Congress

MARCH 20, 2014

Comparison plot showing mass fractions (F m ) of chemically characterized components of lubricating oils and POA. Motor vehicles are major sources of organic carbon emissions, with implications for human health and air quality, especially in urban areas. Credit: ACS, Worton et al. Click to enlarge. Earlier post.) Earlier post.)

Oil 207

Oil Gasoline Diesel Vehicles 207

Green Car Congress

MAY 30, 2020

Direct Removal of Carbon Dioxide from Oceanwater (DOC); $2.0 Direct Removal of Carbon Dioxide from Ambient Air (DAC); $2.0 Offshore operation limits competition for useful land, can allow access to oceanic CO 2 storage sites currently only reachable by pipeline, and can provide a source of CO 2 for offshore enhanced oil recovery (EOR).

Energy 332

Energy Waste Carbon Emissions 332

Green Car Congress

MARCH 25, 2014

Comparison of power loss and fuel consumption among BD, HVO and iso-HVO. For the study, the biodiesel (Fatty Acid Methyl Ester) consisted of a mixture of 80% palm-based methyl ester (PME) and 20% biodiesel derived from waste cooking oil—a typical blending ratio of commercial biodiesel in Korea. Source: Kim et al. Click to enlarge.

Diesel 246

Diesel Oil Engine Fuel 246

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 6, 2023

Lower rolling resistance means this demonstration tire has the potential to offer better fuel savings and carbon footprint reduction. These carbon black technologies target reduced carbon emissions, circularity and the use of bio-based carbons, while still delivering on performance.

Oil 293

Oil Carbon Polymer Renewable 293

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 21, 2009

The US State Department has issued a Presidential Permit to Enbridge Energy, Limited Partnership to enable construction of the Alberta Clipper pipeline for the transport of crude oil from the Canadian oil sands to US refineries. This week, the RFA happened to issue two pieces, each touching on the impact of oil sands production.

Oil-Sands 220

Oil-Sands Oil Wisconsin United States 220

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 18, 2013

Researchers at the University of Regina, Saskatchewan are proposing a new enhanced heavy oil recovery (EHOR) process: Cyclic Production with Continuous Solvent Injection (CPCSI). A paper on their work is published in the journal Fuel ; the team had earlier presented their work at 2013 SPE Heavy Oil Conference in Calgary in June.

Oil 199

Oil Canada 2007 Water 199

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 6, 2020

North Dakota-based Red Trail Energy (RTE), which since 2007 has operated an ethanol production facility with annual production of about 60 million gallons per year, is proposing sequestration of CO 2 produced from starch fermentation to lower the overall carbon intensity of the fuel for the California Low Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS).

North Dakota 210

North Dakota Carbon South Dakota Montana 210

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 3, 2022

Meanwhile, wet waste feedstocks, such as animal manure and fats, oils, and greases (FOG), represent another important category of resources that could be utilized to produce MCCI bioblendstocks due to its abundant availability. Skaggs et al. demand in 2016.

Waste 434

Waste Diesel Renewable Convert 434

Green Car Congress

MAY 21, 2010

Growth of production of Canadian oil sands. The Canadian oil sands are now poised to become the number one source of US crude oil imports in 2010, according to new research from the IHS CERA Canadian Oil Sands Dialogue. The Role of Canadian Oil Sands in US Oil Supply”. Conventional oil uses 0.1

Oil-Sands 186

Oil-Sands Oil 2010 Production 186

Green Car Congress

JULY 24, 2009

Two new lifecycle studies have found that direct greenhouse emissions from producing, transporting and refining oil-sands derived crude, while greater on average than those from conventional crudes, can also overlap the conventional crude range, depending upon a number of factors. For the Canadian oil sands, the distinctions are critical.

Oil-Sands 150

Oil-Sands Oil Emissions Range 150

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 13, 2014

The study was commissioned by the European Oilseed Alliance (EOA), the European Biodiesel Board (EBB) and the European Vegetable Oil and Proteinmeal Industry (FEDIOL). Even for conventional oil production fields, because larger existing fields get depleted, the extraction efforts increase while smaller fields are taken in operation.

Oil-Sands 236

Oil-Sands Oil 2014 Fuel 236

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 24, 2009

Thirteen scientists and land use experts conclude in a new paper that an important but fixable error in legal accounting rules used to measure compliance with carbon limits for bioenergy could undermine efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by encouraging deforestation. Their paper is published in the 23 Oct. Accounting rules.

Emissions 285

Emissions Carbon Climate Change Climate 285

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 19, 2009

Densities for steel springs and Li-ion batteries provide a comparison. Carol Livermore, associate professor of mechanical engineering and her team used an ordered grouping of carbon nanotubes (CNT) as a spring to store elastic energy for later use—much as a steel spring stores energy in a mechanical watch. Hill et al.

Energy Storage 231

Energy Storage Li-ion MIT Carbon 231

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 18, 2009

These figures raise the pressing question of whether scarce government funds might be better allocated to move the United States towards a low-carbon economy. billion went to traditional sources—such as coal and oil—and $2.3 Adeyeye et al. More than half the subsidies for renewables—$16.8 Of the fossil fuel subsidies, $70.2

Renewable 338

Renewable Tax Credit Fuel 2002 338

Green Car Congress

JUNE 28, 2009

Conversion ratios of sugar/biomass and sugar/oil using SCH were 15.2 The highest oil content was 53.0% Olive oil. Most algae are photoautotrophic, and grow using CO 2 as the carbon source and sunlight as the energy supply. However, both biomass productivity and oil content of photoautotrophic cultures can be low.

Juice 236

Juice Oil Conversion Carbon 236

Green Car Congress

MARCH 3, 2022

For comparison: This is more than five times the total electricity consumption of Germany. As nearly all is based on fossil fuels, mainly bunker oil, the shipping sector emits about 1,000 million tons of CO 2 per year, about 13% of the greenhouse gas emissions from global transport.

Energy 370

Energy Denmark Gas-Electric Fuel 370

Green Car Congress

JULY 11, 2013

Renault’s comparison of the carbon footprint of EV and ICE vehicles over production, operation and end of life. The publication gives the opportunity for an “apples-to-apples” comparison between the environmental impacts of the two types of powertrains: same manufacturer, same model, same boundary conditions. Click to enlarge.

Li-ion 364

Li-ion Gasoline-Electric Ozone Diesel 364

Green Car Congress

JULY 10, 2015

A team at the University of Calgary (Canada) has compared the energy intensities and lifecycle GHG emissions of unconventional oils (oil sands and oil shale) alongside shale gas, coal, lignite, wood and conventional oil and gas. This is not the same as crude oil occurring naturally in shales, as in the Bakken.

Oil-Sands 150

Oil-Sands Oil Energy Fuel 150

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 19, 2010

Peabody Energy and GreatPoint Energy signed an agreement to pursue development of coal-to-gas and coal-to-hydrogen projects in the United States and around the world with carbon capture and storage (CCS) that would achieve near-zero carbon emissions, while increasing the production of stranded oil via enhanced oil recovery.

Coal 186

Coal Carbon Gas Energy 186

Green Car Congress

APRIL 10, 2012

On the one hand, a shift to natural gas is promoted as climate mitigation because it has lower carbon per unit energy than coal or oil. On the other hand, methane (CH 4 ), the prime constituent of natural gas, is itself a more potent GHG than carbon dioxide (CO 2 ); CH 4.

Climate Change 270

Climate Change Climate Gas Coal 270

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 26, 2011

Comparison of the percent differential for WTW (well-to-wheel) GHGs from gasoline produced from WCSB oil sands using different production processes relative to gasoline produced from reference crudes. The proposed Project is not likely to impact the amount of crude oil produced from the oil sands. Click to enlarge.

Oil-Sands 253

Oil-Sands Emissions Oil Oklahoma 253

Green Car Congress

JUNE 26, 2015

In a new, comprehensive study, a team from Argonne National Laboratory, Stanford University and UC Davis ITS has estimated the well-to-wheels (WTW) GHG emissions of US production of gasoline and diesel sourced from Canadian oil sands. g CO 2 e/MJ for US conventional crude oil recovery. This range can be compared to ∼4.4

Oil-Sands 150

Oil-Sands Oil Gasoline Emissions 150

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 24, 2016

A paper by a team from the University of Chicago and MIT suggests that technology-driven cost reductions in fossil fuels will lead to the continued use of fossil fuels—oil, gas, and coal—unless governments pass new taxes on carbon emissions. for oil, 24% for coal, and 20% for natural gas. —Christopher Knittel.

Chicago 150

Chicago MIT Carbon Tax 150

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 7, 2013

Comparison of CSRV and conventional poppet valves. The CSRV System comprises only two moving shafts and does not utilize oil pressure fed bearings, or oil spray; no engine oil is present in the head of the CSRV Engine. This means the engine oil does not see the hottest parts of the engine—the exhaust poppet valves.

Engine 210

Engine China Oil Chinese 210