Green Car Congress

JUNE 12, 2023

A study by a team from UC Riverside has assessed the potential of increasing ethanol content in California reformulated gasoline (CaRFG) by investigating the exhaust emissions from a fleet of 20 Tier 3 light-duty vehicles. A baseline CaRFG E10 (10% ethanol by volume) fuel was splash-blended with denatured ethanol to create an E15 fuel.

California 305

California Emissions Montana Gasoline 305

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 24, 2023

In comparison to hydrogen, liquefied ammonia makes it easier to transport large volumes to wherever it is needed. Because hydrogen produced from ammonia does not contain any carbon oxides or methane, it is also free from greenhouse gases. Ammonia can also be used for supplying hydrogen to land vehicles.

Transportation 273

Transportation Industry Industrial Energy 273

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 26, 2013

Comparison between estimated EI BC and measured EI BC derived FOA3 (black open box), the FOA3 approach with the updated SN-CI correlation (blue triangle), and estimates obtained from the new FOX method (red circle) that are not dependent on SN. Credit: ACS, Stettler et al. Click to enlarge. These are a factor of ?2.7 near the ground).

Emissions 199

Emissions Standards Carbon Exhaust 199

Green Car Congress

MAY 6, 2022

CAT-DEF—Catalyzed Diesel Exhaust Fluid—is an SwRI-developed catalyst- and surfactant-modified diesel exhaust fluid (DEF) solution. urea-water solution—is injected into the exhaust stream and ideally decomposes to form ammonia, which reacts with NO x on the SCR catalyst to form N 2 and H 2 O. DEF—a 32.5

Diesel 284

Diesel Emissions Exhaust Engine 284

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 9, 2017

Diesel-powered commuter trains may expose their passengers to elevated levels of certain black carbon and ultrafine particles, especially in the coach directly behind the locomotive, according to a new study from researchers at the University of Toronto. A paper on the study is published in the journal Atmospheric Environment. 2017.02.015.

Exhaust 150

Exhaust Diesel Power Powered 150

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 30, 2018

This newly developed ENSs could improve low-temperature automobile exhaust treatment. Meanwhile, hydrocarbons, such as propylene (C 3 H 6 ) and propane (C 3 H 8 ) are typical automobile exhaust gas pollutants and must be converted to carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and water (H 2 O) before they are released as exhaust.

Commercial 186

Commercial Diesel Exhaust Automobile 186

Green Car Congress

JULY 31, 2019

Carbon-neutral fuels are needed for sustainable transportation to overcome the range and recharge limitations of batteries and the scale limitations of biofuels. An alternative approach to hydrogen distribution infrastructure in transportation is using hydrogen-rich fuels based on carbon or nitrogen. … —Zhao et al. Zhao et al.

Delaware 278

Delaware Transportation Fuel Hydrogen 278

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 10, 2010

Our studies of the structure and activity of this catalyst—and comparisons with platinum-carbon catalysts currently in use—illustrate that the palladium core ‘protects’ the fine layer of platinum surrounding the particles, enabling it to maintain reactivity for a much longer period of time.

Fuel 283

Fuel Exhaust Hydrogen 2010 283

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 14, 2018

Promising avenues include weight savings and extension of the cruising range in comparison with battery-powered solutions; fuel cell concepts may represent an attractive option for long-distance hauling, which requires heavy loads and large cruising ranges. Exhaust pathway. Compressor. Fuel cells are also sensitive to oil admixtures.

Commercial 223

Commercial Fuel Vehicles Water 223

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 20, 2012

Panels show (a) PM 2.5 , (b) elemental carbon (EC), (c) NO x , (d) CO, (e) formaldehyde, and (f) sum of target VOCs. They found that the level of emissions of regulated and unregulated pollutants in diesel exhaust depends on fuel, load, engine calibration, and exhaust aftertreatment technology. Emission rates for the 1.7

Pollution 231

Pollution Diesel Emissions Engine 231

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 19, 2022

On the other hand, however, the lower exhaust gas temperatures result in a lack of energy for their propulsion on the exhaust side. Comparison of turbocharging systems. Due to its chemical composition, neither hydrocarbons nor carbon monoxide are released during hydrogen combustion, and nor do particulates play a role.

Porsche 284

Porsche Hydrogen Gasoline-Electric Exhaust 284

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 28, 2020

A recent report from CE Delft, an independent research and consultancy organization, regarding the climate impact of Exhaust Gas Cleaning (EGC) systems for the marine industry. The study compares the results to the use of low-sulfur marine fuels and is made from a well-to-wake perspective in order to achieve an accurate comparison.

Climate 243

Climate Fuel Mariner Emissions 243

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 4, 2013

The recuperated engine uses isothermal compression via cryogenic injection to enable significant exhaust to compressed gas heat transfer. Heavy duty vehicles, such as long haul trucks, represent a significant challenge in terms of the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions. Source: Neville Jackson. Click to enlarge. HeatWave II.

Engine 249

Engine Fuel Vehicles Waste 249

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 26, 2018

However, as the carbon intensity of the EU energy mix is projected to decrease, the life-cycle emissions of a typical electric vehicle could be cut by at least 73% by 2050. In future, with greater use of lower carbon electricity in the European mix the typical GHG emissions saving of BEVs relative to ICEVs will increase.

Climate 268

Climate Pollution Gasoline-Electric 2017 268

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 10, 2013

The most significant compositional difference between the exhaust PM from combustion of the 2 fuels was the ratio of polar to non-polar species: 46% assigned polar for B0 vs 68% polar compounds for the B20 fuel. We are unaware of previous studies reporting this type of comparison of the exhaust PM. —Fukagawa et al.

B0 210

B0 Diesel Emissions Exhaust 210

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 3, 2014

During each of up to 3,000 revolutions per minute in the research engine, a minute amount of fuel shoots into the glass cylinder, is compressed and ignited, and the exhaust gas then expelled. Fuel specifications are not publicly available yet, nor are emissions results and comparisons.

Audi 285

Audi Diesel Fuel New Mexico 285

Green Car Congress

JULY 24, 2014

The global market for sensors used in internal combustion engines (ICE) is on the road of steady growth for the next few years, propelled by increasing utilization in engine management and exhaust aftertreatment, according to a new report from IHS Technology. IHS projects that sensor shipments for ICEs will top 1.34 billion in 2013.

Pollution 210

Pollution Engine International Market 210

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 7, 2013

Comparison of CSRV and conventional poppet valves. This means the engine oil does not see the hottest parts of the engine—the exhaust poppet valves. The valves rotate on ceramic carbon bearings with no oil lubrication, and the spheres do not make contact with any part of the housing. Click diagram to enlarge.

Engine 210

Engine China Oil Chinese 210

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 26, 2021

Comparison of engine indicated efficiency with three different combustion approaches (PFI SI, ECDI SI and HPDI) for H2 with a diesel reference under full load operation. The models indicate NO x emissions can be managed with EGR and commercially available Urea-SCR NO x exhaust aftertreatment technology. Source: Westport/AVL.

Fuel 221

Fuel Hydrogen Exhaust Emissions 221

Green Car Congress

APRIL 9, 2019

To reduce the variability in fuel use and exhaust emission rates related to variations in engine oil, engine oil was changed for each vehicle prior to the measurement using the first fuel. The study was commissioned by the Urban Air Initiative. All vehicles were measured with air-conditioning on. — Yuan et al. Weichang Yuan, H.

Vehicles 284

Vehicles Emissions Gasoline Fuel 284

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 31, 2014

Besides, owing to its high ratio of hydrogen to carbon (H/C), as well as very short carbon chain with only 2 carbons, ethanol produces less soot as compared to gasoline fuels, e.g., below 0.06 A back pressure valve controlled the amount of exhaust gas flow into the intake pipe. MPa IMEP).

Gasoline 210

Gasoline Engine Exhaust Fuel 210

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 6, 2018

The interface to the other subprojects within “Power to X” is the use of hydrogen generated by renewable energy sources as well as carbon dioxide from various sources, e.g. industrial processes or power stations. We are also convinced that high-performance exhaust after-treatment can even reduce emissions to almost zero.

Engine 186

Engine Fuel Diesel Exhaust 186

Green Car Congress

MARCH 11, 2011

The third-generation cylindrical cells feature a manganese-based cathode and amorphous carbon anode, and offer a high output power density of 3,000 W/kg together with small size and light weight. Calendar life comparison. Amorphous carbon. Amorphous carbon. Amorphous carbon. Click to enlarge. Cylindrical.

Li-ion 210

Li-ion PHEV Power Powered 210

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 20, 2009

The team’s analysis revealed that brake wear particles contain considerable amounts of iron, copper and organic carbon. A direct comparison to other (model) particles known to cause these stress effects in vitro was not done, so comparative statements cannot yet be made.

Switzerland 186

Switzerland Cars Exhaust 2009 186

Green Car Congress

MARCH 4, 2019

In comparison to the predecessor, the new OM 654 diesel engine range reduces emissions and fuel consumption while also optimizing noise and vibration comfort. With the near-engine, insulated position of the components, the exhaust-gas aftertreatment system enjoys low heat loss and advantageous working conditions.

Mercedes 186

Mercedes Diesel Engine Exhaust 186

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 7, 2014

liter, four-cylinder engine of the new CLA 250 is a member of the BlueDIRECT family of gasoline engines, and was first applied in combination with exhaust-gas turbocharging and external high-pressure exhaust gas recirculation in the E 250 Coupé introduced last year ( earlier post ). (It Source: Vent et al. Click to enlarge.

Fuel Economy 236

Fuel Economy Mercedes Diesel Fuel 236

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 2, 2015

The US Department of Energy’s (DOE) National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) has selected eight projects to receive almost $25 million in funding to construct small- and large-scale pilots for reducing the cost of CO 2 capture and compression through DOE’s Carbon Capture Program. FuelCell Energy Inc.

Fuel 150

Fuel Coal CO2 Exhaust 150

Green Car Congress

APRIL 24, 2011

Comparison of optimized start of injection of advanced diesel combustion for brake thermal efficiency, NO x , PM, THC, and CO of diesel (open bar); HTFT (gray bar); and LTFT (black bar) fuels. In general, the cetane number of compounds with a similar number of carbon atoms follows the order of n-alkane > alkene > cycloalkane > alkyl aromatic.

Diesel 236

Diesel Pollution Fuel Emissions 236

Green Car Congress

JULY 24, 2020

All will have zero NO x /PM emissions with carbon-neutral emissions by consuming an RNG/CNG mixture. In comparison, the composite US freight line-haul fleet, which consumes 90% of the fuel in the rail industry, emits 8 g/bhp-hr of NO x while new CNG Class 8 trucks emit 0.02 g/bhp-hr of NOx, a reduction of 400 times. g/bhp-hr of PM.

Grant 243

Grant Hybrid Ozone EPA 243

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 31, 2009

The WDG also can reduce carbon dioxide emissions by as much as 95 percent in comparison to modern internal combustion vehicle engines. Since heat release increases pressure inside the channel, opening the outer channel end generates an outflow of the exhaust gases. Norbert Müller. The Wave Disc Engine.

Michigan 316

Michigan Engine Universal Hybrid 316

Green Car Congress

JULY 14, 2017

Carbonaceous PM is made up of black carbon, primary organic aerosol (POA) and—especially—secondary organic aerosol (SOA), which is known to contain harmful reactive oxygen species and can damage lung tissue. For comparison the average and standard deviation of PM emission factors from non-DPF medium duty diesels is shown. (b)

Gasoline 218

Gasoline Diesel Cars Emissions 218

Green Car Congress

JUNE 24, 2013

The XL1 is aggressively optimized for efficiency in all areas of its design and technology—from materials (carbon fiber reinforced polymer monocoque); to powertrain (0.8L Comparison of electric drive fuel consumption (kWh/100 miles). By comparison, a Volkswagen Polo is slightly longer (156.3 Click to enlarge. inches tall.

Plug-in 324

Plug-in Diesel Plug Hybrid 324

Green Car Congress

APRIL 27, 2011

From their comparison of actual air pollutant measurements within the CCZ with those at control sites in Outer London, the investigators reported little evidence of CCS-related changes in pollutant levels at roadside monitoring sites, where their modeling had suggested the most pronounced effects would be seen.

London 299

London Charging Pollution Diesel 299

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 10, 2009

Comparison of fuel consumption of Omnivore, homogeneous Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) and Spray-Guided GDI engines. bar load and has four-stroke-equivalent hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide emissions. Click to enlarge. At 2000 rpm and up to approximately 2.7 Emissions results are 20 ppm NO x at less than 2.3 Displacement.

Fuel Economy 218

Fuel Economy Engine Light Fuel 218

Green Car Congress

MAY 12, 2017

A new study quantifying emissions from a fleet of gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines and port fuel injection (PFI) engines finds that the measured decrease in CO 2 emissions from GDIs is much greater than the potential climate forcing associated with higher black carbon emissions from GDI engines. versus 6.3 ± 1.1 May, Greg T.

Fleet 207

Fleet Engine Fuel Economy Global 207

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 12, 2012

Of the energy output of fuel in a car engine, 33% is spent in exhaust, 29% in cooling and 38% in mechanical energy, of which friction losses account for 33% and air resistance for 5%. By comparison, an electric car has only half the friction loss of that of a car with a conventional internal combustion engine. million TJ/a.

Fuel 186

Fuel Exhaust MPH Finland 186

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 19, 2010

For all crops, the entire plant was used to facilitate comparison on a total energy basis. However, an exhaustive study of existing and proposed conversion technologies does not change the realities of the cultivation impacts. Colosi (2010) Environmental Life Cycle Comparison of Algae to Other Bioenergy Feedstocks.

Water 218

Water Waste Energy Emissions 218