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Net warming from NO x emissions is a sum over warming (short-term ozone increase) and cooling (decreases in methane and stratospheric water vapor, and a long-term decrease in ozone) terms. Seen together, the climate impact of these two factors is bigger than that of the sector’s carbon emissions.
Through a recent modeling experiment, a team of NASA-funded researchers have found that future concentrations of carbon dioxide and ozone in the atmosphere and of nitrogen in the soil are likely to have an important but overlooked effect on the cycling of water from sky to land to waterways. Credit: NASA. Click to enlarge.
Researchers in France have found that ozone depletion above Antarctica has significantly reduced the Southern Ocean’s ability to absorb atmospheric CO 2 and has also accelerated acidification of southern polar waters, despite lesser CO 2 uptake. billion tons of carbon was not taken up by the oceans. Earlier post.)
The European Parliament is calling for fast action to reduce non-CO 2 climate forcers including black carbon soot, hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), methane, and ground-level ozone, which together are responsible for nearly half of climate forcing. Because these climate forcers are short-lived, reducing them produces a fast climate response.
Led by the tiny Pacific island of the Federated States of Micronesia, a growing group of low-lying islands and other vulnerable countries are calling for fast action on the approximately 50% of global warming that is caused by pollutants other than carbon dioxide (CO 2 ). million lives lost each year due to black carbon soot.
R134a replaced CFC-12 as the MAC refrigerant in the early 1990s due to the negative impact of CFCs on the Earth’s ozone layer. HFC-152a, HFO-1234yf, and carbon dioxide are alternatives that may substantially reduce climate impacts and meet safety standards.A transition to a new refrigerant is not easy.
Cutting HFCs, black carbon, tropospheric ozone, and methane can buy us about 40 years before we approach the dangerous threshold of 2°C warming. —co-author HFCs are powerful greenhouse gases originally developed as substitutes for ozone-depleting chemicals. Black Carbon. From Molina et al. Earlier post.) Mario Molina. (Dr.
The research performed by scientists at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center shows that a 25% and 15% increase in the albedos of roofs and pavements, respectively, in urban areas, could lead to an offset of approximately 57 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide. —Menon et al.
In addition to CO 2 , other compounds such as ozone (O 3 ) precursors (nitrogen oxides (NO x =NO+NO 2 ), carbon monoxide (CO), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs)) and aerosols such as black carbon (BC) and organic carbon (OC) are emitted by ships. Of that, international shipping accounts for 83% (870 TgCO 2 yr ?1
The on-road transportation (ORT) and power generation (PG) sectors are major contributors to CO 2 emissions and a host of short-lived radiatively-active air pollutants, including tropospheric ozone and fine aerosol particles, that exert complex influences on global climate. Unger et al. Click to enlarge.
Concentrations of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere surged at a record-breaking speed in 2016 to the highest level in 800,000 years, according to the World Meteorological Organization’s Greenhouse Gas Bulletin. Key findings of the Greenhouse Gas Bulletin : Carbon dioxide CO 2 is the most important anthropogenic long-lived greenhouse gas.
These were shown to be ozone-depleting, however, and were targeted for phasing out under the 1987 Montreal Protocol. However, HFC-134a, while having zero ozone-depletion potential, has a very high global warming potential—more than 1,500 times as much warming as an equivalent amount of CO 2.
Unless emissions of carbon dioxide can be greatly reduced—i.e., The report assesses the two main kinds of geoengineering techniques: Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR) and Solar Radiation Management (SRM). However, there are some serious questions over adverse effects, particularly depletion of stratospheric ozone.
According to the findings, the six key greenhouse gases - carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), hydroflurocarbons (HFCs), perflurocarbons (PFCs) and sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) - threaten the welfare of both current and future generations.
Researchers from the University of California, Berkeley , found that between 2018 and 2022, CO2 emission from all sources (industries, homes, traffic) across the San Francisco Bay Area dropped around 1.8% According to the research, by comparing the air pollution and CO2 data, the sensors help determine the emission source.
Eliza Strickland: Man-made climate change is already reshaping our planet, and carbon emissions aren’t coming down fast enough to stave off real disaster in the decades to come. Strickland: Why don’t you focus on just cutting carbon emissions? Transcript. So those are really important, and those are a little bit different.
The future of the Earth could rest on potentially dangerous and unproven geo-engineering technologies unless emissions of carbon dioxide can be greatly reduced, the latest Royal Society report has found. The report assesses the two main kinds of geo-engineering techniques – Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR) and Solar Radiation Management (SRM).
In a new study published online 10 March in the ACS journal Environmental Science and Technology , however, Stanford University professor Mark Jacobson finds that local CO 2 emissions in isolation may increase local ozone and particulate matter. Not all carbon dioxide emissions are equal. Jacobson, 2010. Mark Jacobson.
Results of the study suggest that soot is second only to carbon dioxide in contributing to global warming. Jacobson found that the combination of the two types of soot is the second-leading cause of global warming after carbon dioxide. Black carbon converts sunlight to heat and radiates it back to the air around it. Jacobson, J.
million metric tons of avoided ozone-related yield losses of major food crops; $US0.6-2.4 While reductions in particulate matter tend to produce local health benefits, the scientists found health and agricultural benefits from reduced ozone disperse more widely. trillion avoided health damage and $US1.1-4.3
In testimony for the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) public hearing ( earlier post ) on the proposed endangerment finding for greenhouse gas emissions under the Clean Air Act ( earlier post ), Stanford Professor Mark Jacobson urged the EPA to include black carbon in the finding. F, with about 40% due to ozone. Earlier post.).
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