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Reducing emissions of black carbon soot and ground-level ozone would quickly make a considerable dent in the climatechange problem and would also contribute to public health and protect crop yields, according to an essay in the September/October issue of Foreign Affairs. Wallack and Ramanathan. Earlier post.)
Among the many climate-related vulnerabilities that can impact its mission, the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) cites a likely increase in tropospheric ozone pollution as potentially making it more difficult to attain National Ambient Air Quality Standards ( NAAQS ) in many areas with existing ozone problems.
The climatechange benefit is estimated for 2050 and human health and crop benefits are for 2030 and beyond. Black carbon and tropospheric ozone are harmful air pollutants that also contribute to climatechange. Click to enlarge. °C (within a likely range of 0.2-0.7
The climatechange benefit is estimated for a given year (2050) and human health and crop benefits are. Fast action on pollutants such as black carbon, ground-level ozone and methane may help limit near term global temperature rise and significantly increase the chances of keeping temperature rise below 2 °C (3.6 °F)—and
A new study led by researchers from Northwestern University projects that if electric vehicles replaced 25% of combustion engine cars currently on the road, the United States would save approximately $17 billion annually by avoiding damages from climatechange and air pollution.
Significant climate anomalies 2008/2009. Source: ClimateChange Compendium. Ocean acidification caused by the absorption of carbon dioxide in seawater is already increasing along the California coast decades earlier than existing models predict. Click to enlarge. Earlier post.). Earlier post.).
Noting the references in scientific and policy literature to the need for fast-action mitigation to help avoid DAI and abrupt climatechanges, the authors define “fast-action” to include regulatory measures that can begin within 2–3 years, be substantially implemented in 5–10 years, and produce a climate response within decades.
Circle areas are proportional to values for (A and B) climatechange, (C and D) human health (values for population over age 30), and (E and F) agriculture. Black carbon, a product of burning fossil fuels or biomass such as wood or dung, can worsen a number of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. Source: Shindell et al.
Schematic diagram of the trade-offs between the implications for regional air quality and global climatechange of new policies for management of the atmosphere. The complex roles that ozone and aerosols play in the atmosphere provide examples of such trade-offs. Source: NOAA. Click to enlarge.
It makes an important contribution to the scientific understanding we have of the role of aviation for climatechange—an understanding decision-makers and politicians may need on the way to achieving the goals of the Paris Agreement. This new study is based on a thorough review of a decade of research on aviation emissions.
the final version of the proposed First Update to the ClimateChange Scoping Plan (First Update). Achieving our long-term climate goal and 2032 ozone standards will require a much deeper penetration of ZEVs into the fleet. The California Air Resources Board (ARB) has released. The draft version was released in February.
Extraordinarily cold temperatures in the stratosphere during the winter of 2010/2011 caused the most massive destruction of the ozone layer above the Arctic so far, according to a study by climate researchers at KIT (Karlsruhe Institute of Technology). These chemical conversion products attack the ozone layer and destroy it partly.
In a new study published online 10 March in the ACS journal Environmental Science and Technology , however, Stanford University professor Mark Jacobson finds that local CO 2 emissions in isolation may increase local ozone and particulate matter. Although the health impacts of such changes are uncertain, he notes, they are of concern.
The rapidly growing space industry may have a greater climate effect than the aviation industry and undo repair to the protective ozone layer if left unregulated, according to a new study led by UCL and published in the journal Earth’s Future as an open-access paper. The space industry is one of the world’s fastest growing sectors.
Through a recent modeling experiment, a team of NASA-funded researchers have found that future concentrations of carbon dioxide and ozone in the atmosphere and of nitrogen in the soil are likely to have an important but overlooked effect on the cycling of water from sky to land to waterways. Credit: NASA. Click to enlarge.
This approach will make it easier to identify sectors for which emission reductions will be most beneficial for climate and those which may produce unintended consequences.”. The team also considered how emissions from each part of the economy can impact clouds, which have an indirect effect on climate. Nadine Unger. Unger et al.
New WHO has issued new Global Air Quality Guidelines (AQGs) that reduce levels of key air pollutants, some of which also contribute to climatechange. When action is taken on these classical pollutants—particulate matter (PM), ozone (O?), and carbon monoxide (CO)—it also has an impact on other damaging pollutants.
The study will appear next month in the peer-reviewed journal ClimaticChange Letters. The study will appear next month in the peer-reviewed journal ClimaticChange Letters. Relying more on natural gas would reduce emissions of carbon dioxide, but it would do little to help solve the climate problem.
The decrease in CO 2 equivalent emissions of ODSs (ozone-depleting substances: CFCs, halons, HCFCs, and others) may be offset by the projected increase in their non-ozone depleting substitutes (HFCs) (lines designated as HFC scenarios). Climate and the Ozone Layer. Source: UNEP. Click to enlarge.
In particular, the study led by Drew Shindell found that methane emissions have a larger warming impact due to those interactions than accounted for in current carbon-trading schemes or in the Kyoto Protocol. And hydroxyls drive long chains of reactions involving other common gases, including ozone. Shindell et al.
At 2:56 AM PST today, NASA’s Orbiting Carbon Observatory 2 (OCO-2) was successfully launched into orbit from Space Complex 2 West at California’s Vandenberg Air Force Base, riding on a two-stage Delta II 7320-10 launch vehicle. by Jack Rosebro. This measurement is unique like a fingerprint, and can be used for identification.
The human health benefits associated with improvements in air quality related to the reduction in greenhouse gas emissions improvements can offset 26–1,050% of the cost of US carbon policies, depending upon the type of policy, according to a new study by a team from MIT. Carbon-reduction policies significantly improve air quality.
CSIRO scientists have developed a new way to account for ozone in computer simulations of the climate. This latest modeling shows that the oceans take much less ozone out of the atmosphere than previously thought. Ozone (O 3 ) is formed by reactions of chemicals such as nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds—i.e.,
From: Geoengineering the Climate (2009) Click to enlarge. Unless emissions of carbon dioxide can be greatly reduced—i.e., Geoengineering and its consequences are the price we may have to pay for failure to act on climatechange. Preliminary overall evaluation of the geoengineering techniques considered in the report.
The studies use case studies to demonstrate the co-benefits of tackling climatechange in four sectors: electricity generation, household energy use, transportation, and food and agriculture. Climatechange threatens us all, but its impact will likely be greatest on the poorest communities in every country.
The researchers believe the measurements will substantially impact the understanding of atmospheric chemistry mechanisms—in particular, in the more rapid formation of secondary aerosols, important in the formation of local smog as well as in global climatechange. Carl Percival. —Welz et al. —Marston (2012).
The research performed by scientists at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center shows that a 25% and 15% increase in the albedos of roofs and pavements, respectively, in urban areas, could lead to an offset of approximately 57 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide.
However, these standards will not reduce CO 2 emissions, which is required to mitigate long-term climatechange, the team notes. However, these standards will not reduce CO 2 emissions, which is required to mitigate long-term climatechange, the team notes. Shindell et al. trillion avoided health damage and $US1.1-4.3
Decomposition of the decadal change in total global CO 2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion by four driving factors; population, income (GDP) per capita, energy intensity of GDP and carbon intensity of energy. giga tonne carbon dioxide equivalent (GtCO 2 eq) (2.2%) per year from 2000 to 2010 compared to 0.4 Click to enlarge.
In testimony for the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) public hearing ( earlier post ) on the proposed endangerment finding for greenhouse gas emissions under the Clean Air Act ( earlier post ), Stanford Professor Mark Jacobson urged the EPA to include black carbon in the finding. F, with about 40% due to ozone. Earlier post.).
Although viewed as a potential target in the global effort to reduce climatechange, atmospheric black carbon particles absorb significantly less sunlight than scientists have predicted, according to a new study by an international team of researchers, published in the journal Science. Earlier post.).
The proposed cause or contribute finding concludes that that the combined emissions of CO 2 , CH 4 , N 2 O, and HFCs from new motor vehicles and motor vehicle engines contribute to the atmospheric concentrations of these key greenhouse gases and hence to the threat of climatechange.
A new report prepared by the World Bank at the request of the G8 identifies ways that the World Bank can do more through its projects to reduce the emission of short-lived climate pollutants (SLCPs): black carbon, methane, tropospheric ozone, and fluorinated gases known as HFCs. Black carbonClimateChange Emissions'
Results of the study suggest that soot is second only to carbon dioxide in contributing to global warming. However, climate models to date have mischaracterized the effects of soot in the atmosphere, according to Jacobson, director of Stanford’s Atmosphere/Energy Program. Jacobson at Stanford University. Dessler et al., Dessler et al.,
However, in the short run travelling by air has a larger adverse climate impact because airplanes strongly affect short-lived warming processes at high altitudes. Per passenger-hour traveled however, aviations climate impact is a factor 6 to 47 higher than the impact from car travel. Jens Borken-Kleefeld. Technol. ,
California’s latest greenhouse gas data shows that while the state continues to stay below its 2020 target for emissions, there is much more work to do to achieve carbon neutrality by 2045. All these climate programs have considerably more stringent emissions reduction targets starting in 2021. tons per person to 10.7
The data are updated monthly from analyses of air measurements at Cape Grim, which, under baseline conditions, experiences some of the cleanest air in the world and accurately reflects global changes in greenhouse gases. Data for the synthetic greenhouse and ozone depleting gases, such as CFCs, also are available. per cent each year.
US Congressman Scott Peters (CA-52) introduced the Super Pollutant Emissions Reduction Act (SUPER Act) of 2013, legislation aimed at combating short-lived climate pollutants, which are only somewhat addressed by disparate government programs.
A side event organized by the International Nitrogen Initiative (INI) at the COP-15 United Nations ClimateChange Conference in Copenhagen will highlight nitrogen’s role in climatechange. Nitrogen and climate interactions are not yet adequately included in the Intergovernmental Panel on ClimateChange assessment process.
The BAU scenario assumes no further implementing legislation to prevent additional climatechange and growing air pollution, other than what is in place for the base year 2005. Northern India and the Arabian Gulf region, on the other hand, will suffer a marked increase in ozone levels.
Among the direct transportation-related provisions in the extensive package are a low-carbon fuel standard for all transportation fuels; financial support for large scale demonstrations of electric vehicles; and financial support for automakers retooling plants to make electric vehicles. Carbon Capture and Sequestration.
That’s three times the amount estimated by the Intergovernmental Panel on ClimateChange (IPCC). Nitrous oxide is a potent greenhouse gas that contributes to climatechange and stratospheric ozone destruction.
The cap-and-trade joins a suite of other major climate program measures including standards for ultra-clean cars (Advanced Clean Cars, earlier post ), low-carbon fuels (Low Carbon Fuel Standard, earlier post ) and renewable electricity. the destruction of existing stores of ozone-depleting substances in the U.S.
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)—commonly used in refrigerators and air conditioners—play a role in creating a hole in the ozone layer over Antarctica. Despite this, synthetic greenhouse gases (SGHGs) beyond the CFCs have received relatively little attention up to now.
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